单选题{{B}} Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices givenbelow. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar acrossthe corresponding letter in the brackets.{{/B}} For most kinds of activities, a large group of people can accomplish more and have more funthan one person alone. For example, politicians, businessmen, workers, and{{U}} 31 {{/U}}criminalsknow that they must join organizations in order to be{{U}} 32 {{/U}}. Since there is usually strength innumbers, labor unions have a more{{U}} 33 {{/U}}influence on.wages and company policy than individualworkers{{U}} 34 {{/U}}. A person may also belong to social clubs and athletic teams{{U}} 35 {{/U}}he or she canmeet other people who are interested in the same activities. {{U}} 36 {{/U}}you have a hobby, such asplaying chess, collecting coins or stamps, or playing a musical instrument, you should join aclub which has{{U}} 37 {{/U}}meetings to talk about your activity; the other{{U}} 38 {{/U}}will help you learnmore about it. Of course, a group must be well{{U}} 39 {{/U}}, or it might be a failure. All the membersshould work together on projects and choose good leaders to{{U}} 40 {{/U}}their activities. In this way, theorganization will benefit everyone in it.

单选题A: How's everything going? B: ______

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choices the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; {{U}}(21) {{/U}} is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to{{U}} (22) {{/U}} for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend {{U}}(23) {{/U}} from physically superior {{U}}(24) {{/U}}. But {{U}}(25) {{/U}} is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent {{U}}(26) {{/U}} tools to {{U}}(27) {{/U}} certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the {{U}}(28) {{/U}}spear or javelin in order to shoot {{U}}(29) {{/U}} and strike with greater strength. {{U}} (30) {{/U}} civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and {{U}}(31) {{/U}} tools became more {{U}}(32) {{/U}}. A tool would {{U}}(33) {{/U}}a function until it proved {{U}}(34) {{/U}} in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the {{U}}(35) {{/U}} for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved {{U}}(36) {{/U}} reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, {{U}}(37) {{/U}} they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The {{U}}(38) {{/U}} of this tool can be {{U}}(39) {{/U}} to the development of commerce in the East around 3000 B.C., and the abacus is known {{U}}(40) {{/U}} by the ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese, etc.

单选题 Jazz is a kind of music that has often been called the only art form to originate in the United States. The history of {{U}}(31) {{/U}} began in the late 1800's. The music grew from a {{U}}(32) {{/U}} of influences, including black American music, African rhythms, American band traditions and instruments, and European harmonies and forms. Much of the best jazz is still written and {{U}}(33) {{/U}} in the United States. But musicians from many other countries are {{U}}(34) {{/U}} major contributions to jazz. Jazz was actually {{U}}(35) {{/U}} appreciated as an important art form in Europe {{U}}(36) {{/U}} it gained such recognition in the United States. The earliest jazz was performed by black Americans who had little or no training in Western music. These musicians drew on a strong musical culture from {{U}}(37) {{/U}} life. As jazz grew {{U}}(38) {{/U}} popularity, its sound was influenced by {{U}}(39) {{/U}} with formal training and classical backgrounds. During its history, jazz has absorbed influences from the folk and classical music of Africa, and other parts of the world. The development of instruments with new and {{U}}(40) {{/U}} characteristics has also influenced the sound of jazz.

单选题______ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

单选题Sometimes very young children have trouble ______ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.

单选题Eileen: I like your speech. It's very impressive. Val: Thanks. ______ A. I advise you to try it some time, too. B. And I appreciate your time and support. C. It is worthwhile doing something. D. You're kidding.

单选题{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}} Although you'll probably live longer than you imagine, don't count on being healthier. The need for and the cost of health care typically increase dramatically as you age. On average, for example, a 40-year-old man consumes about $ 2 000 a year in health care services, whereas a typical 75-year-old consumes five times that much. That's why, as the population ages, huge inflationary pressures are put on the health care system. How big will those pressures be in the next century? Over the past 40 years, health care costs have risen an average of 70 percent faster than the general rise in prices -- and that was before the boomers started m grow old. The federal government predicts that by 2030, as boomers enter their 70s and 80s, health care spending will top $16 trillion, representing nearly 1 out of every 3 dollars in the economy. Who will pay the bill? No one knows for sure, but it's a good guess that the next century's elderly will become responsible for paying a much larger share of their own costs than their counterparts do now. Qualification requirements for Medicaid nursing-home benefits, for example, are likely to be tightened. Since the cost of a nursing-home bed is projected to be $ 97 000 a year by 2030, those who don't make provision for this potential liability could easily become impoverished. Medicare, which covers medical costs for the elderly, is also likely to become less generous -- limiting the conditions and treatments it covers, for example. Reform is virtually certain, even after assuming huge increases in the efficiency of the health care system, the actuaries(保险计算员) at Medicare project the system will lose money and be unable to continue within 10 years.

单选题At first the disease affected only his foot but now it has spread to his leg.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In this part there are 4 passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to caily graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made, The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the Nation- al Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report "Science never has all the answers but science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research—a classic ease of "paralysis by analysis". To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

单选题I'd rather you ______ that.

单选题Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ______it comes to classroom tests. A. after B. as C. when D. before

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Every spring migrating salmon return to British Columbia's rivers to spawn. And every spring new reports detail fresh disasters that befall them. This year is no different. The fisheries committee of Canada's House of Commons and a former chief justice of British Columbia, Bryan Williams, have just examined separately why 1.3 m sockeye salmon mysteriously "disappeared" from the famed Fraser river fishery in 2004. Their conclusions point to a politically explosive conflict between the survival of salmon and the rights of First Nations, as Canadians call Indians In 2004, only about 524,000 salmon are thought to have returned to the spawning grounds, barely more than a quarter the number who made it four years earlier. High water temperatures may have killed many. The House of Commons also lambasted the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) for poor scientific data, and for failing to enforce catch levels. Four similar reports since 1992 have called for the department's reform. In vain: its senior officials are "in denial" about its failings, said the committee. Mr. Williams' report added a more shocking twist. He concluded that illegal fishing on the Fraser river is "rampant and out of control", with “no-go” zones where fisheries officers are told not to confront Indian poachers for fear of violence. The judge complained that the DFO withheld a report by one of its investigators which detailed extensive poaching and sale of salmon by members of the Cheam First Nation, some of whom were armed. Some First Nations claim an unrestricted right to fish and sell their catch. Canada's constitution acknowledges the aboriginal right to fish for food and for social and ceremonial needs, but not a general commercial right. On the Fraser, however, the DFO has granted Indians a special commercial fishery. To some Indians, even that is not enough. Both reports called for more funds for the DFO, to improve data collection and enforcement. They also recommended returning to a single legal regime for commercial fishing applying to all Canadians. On April 14th, Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister, responded to two previous reports from a year ago. One, from a First Nations group, suggested giving natives a rising share of the catch. The other proposed a new quota system for fishing licences, and the conclusion of long-standing talks on treaties, including fishing rights, with First Nations. Mr. Regan said his department would spend this year consulting "stakeholders" (natives, commercial and sport fishermen). It will also launch pilot projects aimed at improving conservation, enforcement and First Nations' access to fisheries.

单选题Perhaps the most familiar plant movement belongs to one species of mimosa called the sensitive plant. Within seconds, it can lower its leaves and make its tiny leaflets close up like folding chairs. This movement is thought to be initiated by electrical impulses remarkably similar to nerve signals in animals. But without the animals' sophisticated motion machinery, the mimosa has had to be creative in devising a way to move. For motion, the plant depends on tiny, bulb-shaped organs located at the base of each leaf stalk and leaflet. Called pulvini, these organs hold the plant parts in place. When the mimosa is stimulated—say, by a crawling insect or a sudden change in temperature—an electrical impulse sweeps through the plant. This causes potassium and then water to be shifted from certain cells in the pulvini to others, quickly turning one side of the organs flaccid. Because the pulvini can no longer support the leaves and leaflets, this shift results in a corresponding change in their position.

单选题There"s a simple premise behind what Larry Myers does for a living: If you can smell it, you can find it. Myers is the founder of Auburn University"s Institute for Biological Detection Systems , the main task of which is to chase the ultimate in detection devices—an artificial nose. For now, the subject of their research is little more than a stack of gleaming chips tucked away in a laboratory drawer. But soon, such a tool could be hanging from the belts of police, arson (纵火) investigators and food-safety inspectors. The technology that they are working in would suggest quite reasonably that, within three to five years, we"ll have some workable sensors ready to use. Such devices might find wide use in places that attract terrorists. Police could detect drugs, bodies and bombs hidden in cars, while food inspectors could easily test food and water for contamination. The implications for revolutionary advances in public safety and the food industry are astonishing. But so, too, are the possibilities for abuse: Such machines could determine whether a woman is ovulating (排卵), without a physical exam—or even her knowledge. One of the traditional protectors of American liberty is that it has been impossible to search everyone. That"s getting not to be the case. Artificial biosensors created at Auburn work totally differently from anything ever seen before. Aroma Scan, for example, is a desktop machine based on a bank of chips sensitive to specific chemicals that evaporate into the air. As air is sucked into the machine, chemicals pass over the sensor surfaces and produce changes in the electrical current flowing through them. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts out odors based on their electrical signatures. Myers says they expect to load a single fingernail-size chip with thousands of odor receptors (感受器)， enough to create a sensor that"s nearly as sensitive as a dog"s nose. (325 words)

单选题Raising children, in the author's opinion, is______.

单选题The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living. Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided(嘲笑) as poorly educated and one of the primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job. More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work. What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things. As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.

单选题A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One's physical assets and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group—college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers—a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Salppho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.

单选题 About one million tourists go to Barcelona every year, just to visit the Gaudi's Church. This unusual church has a strange history. Gaudi was born in Spain in 1852. He had to work and study at the same time. He often missed classes because he had to work, but one day he designed a very unusual show-case for an exhibition in Paris. People began to give him work. He designed houses, offices and gardens. They were all very unusual. He was soon rich and famous. Then a rich bookseller said, "Will you build a church for the poor people of Barcelona? I will pay. I will build schools and workshops, too. They will help the people." "I will do it," said Guadi. He worked for forty years, but he could not finish the church. It was too big. He needed $10, 000, 000. He gave all his money to the church. He was poor again when he died in 1926, and only the front part of the church was finished. Now, architects, engineers and tourists from all over the world like to come and see the church, which is very strange, very modem and very revolutionary.

单选题The judge panel includes the following EXCEPT ______.