Donald: Let"s eat out, shall we? Mason: I"m broke. I"ve gone through my paycheck for the week already. Donald: Don"t worry. ______.

Friend A: This meal is on me. Friend B: Thanks, ______ but isn"t it my turn to treat you?

Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts(干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world"s population is expected to double in the next 40 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesn"t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world—if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation(灌溉) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions(凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan"s and Dr. Dewaal"s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of eucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in sepa rate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to; accept the slice of cu cumber indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin. The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

James: You"re kidding. Dick Stevens asked you out? Jane: You bet. We are going out for dinner tonight. James: Great.______.

Mum: Let"s go and see grandma some time during the break. Daughter: Great. What time? Mum:______

The ocean bottom a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, bidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and Subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth"s surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation"s Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP"s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean"s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rocks from the ocean floor. The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around" the world. The Glomar Challenger"s core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundred of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger"s voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth. The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understanding the world"s past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change information that may be used to predict future climates.

Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science—for example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as consumers, they will Be bombarded(受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science. Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become functionally acquainted with science—with the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter—flashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows. Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it is geography, history, language arts, music, or art! Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a "scientific attitude". Those who possess it seek answers through ohserving, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, is needed.

Don"t put off till tomorrow ______ you can do today.

Imagine a world in which children would be the rulers and could decide not only the outcome of each and every occurrence, but also dictate the very structure and form of the environment. In this world, a child"s wildest thoughts would become reality, limited only by the extent of his or her imagination. While such a world might sound both fantastic and frightening, at least from a logical, adult perspective, it does exist. What"s more, it has been in existence for some time and is populated by hundreds of thousands of children who spend hours within its boundaries experimenting and learning. This world is not real. at least not in the traditional sense, but exists within a computer and is generated by an educational programming language called LOGO. Unlike other computer languages and programs that are designed to test children and provide applications that formally dispense information, LOGO allows children, even preschool children, to be in total control. Children teach the computer to think and as a result develop and sharpen their own reasoning abilities.

"I promise." "I swear to you it"ll never happen again." "I give you my word." "Honestly. Believe me." Sure, I trust. Why not? I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity, I read my students" essays, hoping to find the person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism (剽窃) appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I won"t detect a polished piece of prose from an otherwise-average writer, but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments, I can match a student"s work with his or her name even if it"s missing from the upper left-hand corner. Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average (GPA)? When we"re threatened or sick, we make conditional promises. "If you let me pass math I will…" "Lord, if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I"ll…" Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises. Human nature? Perhaps, but we do use that cliché(陈词滥调) to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid. After all, few fulfill the contract, so why should anyone be the exception. Why not? Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of a PhD thesis. Up until that time, both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing. I questioned the person regarding his essay and he swore it was his own work. I gave him the identical assignment and told him to write it in class, and that I"d understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour, then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I confronted him with both essays. "I promise …, I"m not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. I"m just nervous today." The head of the English department agreed with my findings, and the meeting with the dean had the boy"s parents present. After an hour of discussion, touching on eight of the boy"s previous essays and his grade-point average, which indicated he was already on academic probation (留校查看), the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested, "He"s only. a child" and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such… except in this uncomfortable circumstance.

When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were able to be effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when were trying to【31】themselves to the new medium were technical. when working on radio, for example, they had become【32】to seeing on behalf of the listener. This【33】of seeing for others means that the commentator has to be very good at talking. Above all, he has to be able to【34】a continuous sequence of visual images which【35】meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the【36】of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role, therefore, is completely different. He is there to make【37】that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him focus on particular things, and to.【38】the images on the television screen. Unlike his radio colleague, he must know the 【39】of silence and how to use it at those moments【40】the pictures speak for themselves.

Alice: I"m free at last. Would you like to take a walk with me? Jim: ______but I"m very busy at the moment.

Besides active foreign enterprises and a【B1】number of private employers, a consequential new development was the development of employment in state-owned enterprises (guanying or guanshang ). Started by some【B2】Qing officials, the yangwupai, in the late nineteenth century, sizable state-owned enterprises developed primarily【B3】enhancing China"s national defense. Famous industrial giants of today"s China such as the shipyards in Shanghai and heavy industries in cities like Wuhan, Nanjing, and Chongqing were built by the Qing or the Republic governments. Some of them later began to【B4】considerable private investment. After World War II, this type of state- owned employment became very important. Labor in those enterprises consisted basically【B5】two tiers: a largely market-oriented allocation of blue-collar and some white-collar workers, and a mostly state allocation of most of the white-collar workers including managerial and technical personnel. The latter was a distorted labor market that featured strong【B6】considerations in allocating and managing labor. Personal and kinship connections, the so-called "petticoat influence", and political【B7】were the norm for this type of labor allocation pattern. In a way, it was midway between a rather crude market oriented labor allocation pattern and the centuries-old, warm, family-based traditional labor allocation pattern. It covered a very small but important portion of the Chinese labor force, and thus【B8】our attention. Later, it apparently provided the historical precedent【B9】state-owned enterprises to allocate their administrative and technical cadres, even its entire industrial labor force,【B10】state employees.

Nowadays, we have technology that"s improved so that we can bring people back to life. In fact, there are drugs being developed right now -- who knows if they"ll ever make it to the market -- that may actually slow down the process of brain-cell injury and death. Imagine you fast-forward to 10 years down the line; and you"ve given a patient, whose heart has just stopped, this amazing drug; and actually what it does is, it slows everything down so that the things that would"ve happened over an hour, now happen over two days. As medicine progresses, we will end up with lots and lots of ethical questions. But what is happening to the individual at that time? What"s really going on? Because there is a lack of blood flow, the cells go into a kind of a frenzy to keep themselves alive. And within about 5 min. or so they start to damage or change. After an hour or so the damage is so great that even if we restart the heart again and pump blood, the person can no longer be viable, because the cells have just been changed too much. And then the cells continue to change so that within a couple of days the body actually decomposes. So it"s not a moment; it"s a process that actually begins when the heart stops and culminates in the complete" loss of the body, the decompositions of all the cells. However, ultimately what matters is, what"s going on to a person"s mind? What happens to the human mind and consciousness during death? Does that cease immediately as soon as the heart stops? Does it cease activity within the first 2 sec., the first 2 min.? Because we know that cells are continuously changing at that time. Does it stop after 10 min., after half an hour, after an hour? And at this point we don"t know.

In the late 1960"s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointing (21) that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot (22) . Skyscrapers are also enormous (23) , and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition (24) 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the (25) daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts-- enough to (26) the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-wailed skyscraper can be especially (27) . The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times (28) through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain (29) heating and air-conditioning equipment, (30) of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses (31) with silver or gold mirror films that reduce (32) as well as heat gain. However, (33) skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and (34) neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put severe pressure on a city"s sanitation (35) , too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year--as (36) as a city the size of Stamford, Connecticut, which has a (37) of more than 109,000. Skyscrapers also (38) with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic. Still, people (39) to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them--personal ambition and the (40) of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space.

The rise of "temp" work has further magnified the decreasing fights and alienation of the worker. It is common corporate practice to phase out full-time employees and hire temporary workers to take on more workload in less time. When facing a pressing deadline, a corporation may pay $15～$20 per hour for a temp worker, but the temp worker will only see $7 or $8 of that money. The rest goes to temp agency, which is usually a corporate chain, such as Kelly Services, that blatantly makes its profits off other people"s labor. This increases profits of the corporations because they can increase a workload, get rid of the employee when they"re finished, and not worry about paying benefits or unemployment for that employee. I have had to work with temps a few times in my current position, and the workers only want one thing - a full-time job with benefits. We really wanted to hire one temp I was working with, but we could not offer her a full-time job because it would have been a breach in our contract with the temp agency that employed her. To hire a temp full-time, we would have had to pay the agency over a thousand dollars. Through this practice and policy, the temp agency locks its temporary workers into a horrible new form of servitude form which the worker cannot break free. Furthermore, corporate powers push workers to take on bigger workloads, work longer hours, and accept less benefits by instilling a paranoia in their workforce. The capitalist bosses assume dishonesty, disloyalty, and laziness amongst workers, and they breed a sense of guilt and fear through their assumptions. Where guilt doesn"t seep in, bitterness, anger, and depression take over, the highest priorities of Big Business are to increase profits and limit liabilities. Personal relations and human needs are last on their list of priorities. So what we see is a huge mass of people who are alienated, disempowered, overworked, mentally and physically ill and who spend the vast majority of their time and energy on their basic survival. They are denied a chance to really "love", because they are forced to make profits for the capitalists in power.

Beth: Have you ever been to the Fragrance Hill in Beijing? Jerry: ______

Modern technology has brought______communication between people far apart.

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