单选题In Disneyland, every year, some 800, 000 plants are replaced because Disney refusedto______signs asking his "guests" not to step on them. A. put down B. put out C. put up D. put off

单选题It was ______ that he heard of the victory of the Chinese revolution. A. Stephen B. with Stephen C. by Stephen D. from Stephen

单选题Mike：I got a job offer from Dell． John：That’s great news．I’m very happy for you． Mike：Thanks．I feel like celebrating．Let’s go have a beer．______． A．It is rather expensive B．It’s so fine today C．It’s your turn D．It’s on me

单选题In a global survey released in 2012, half the responders admitted to buying things they really did not need. Two thirds are worried that consumers are buying too much. Such concerns may be justified. Many consumers have become trapped in debt. Researchers say that instead of making us more satisfied, high levels of consumption may lead to greater stress and unhappiness! As consumers, we are subjected to a great amount of marketing. What is the goal of marketers? To turn wants into needs. Marketers know that consumer behavior is driven largely by emotion. So advertisements and the shopping experience itself are designed for maximum emotional appeal. When you ask a consumer: Why do you buy so much? He or she may answer: I want to improve my quality of life. It is natural that people want a better life. Advertisers bombard us with messages that all of our desires—better health, security, relief from stress, and closer relationships—can be achieved by making the right purchases. But actually, as our number of possessions increases, our quality of life can actually decrease. Additional time and money are needed to care for more material things. Stress levels rise because of pressure from debt, and there is less time for family and friends. So you should protect yourself from becoming a victim of clever marketers. You should put emotion aside, and compare marketing promises with reality.

单选题He often attends public lectures at the university of California chiefly ______ his English.

单选题Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England. "One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will some times perform two or three of them. " Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still (停滞不前). But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.

单选题 In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like "serious illness of a family member" were high. on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress--it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like "Stress causes illness." If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even ff stressful events are dangerous, many--hke the death of a loved one- are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we're all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental strain.

单选题Speaker A: Hi. My name is Mark. I"m from Houston, Texas. Speaker B: I"m Bill. Glad to meet you. What year are you? Speaker A: ______.

单选题She doesn't think other species--Ulet alone/U man--can survive unless they live with nature.

单选题If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain (31) consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family (32) he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance (33) the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to (34) old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to (35) the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation (36) and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be (37) . He must either sell some of his property or (38) extra fids in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low (39) of interest, but loans of this kind are not (40) obtainable.

单选题There is going to be ______time for people to assess whether or not we have made the right decision in this time of urgency.

单选题Millions of Americans and foreigners see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that' s not how it used to be. To the men and women who (1) in World War Ⅱ and the people they liberated, the G. I. was the (2) man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who (3) all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the (4) of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, (5) an average guy, up (6) the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name isn' t much. G. I. is just a military abbreviation (7) Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles (8) to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never (9) it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac... a working class name. The United States has (10) had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe. G. I. Joe had a (11) career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a (12) of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G. I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle (13) portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14) side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were (15) or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports (16) the "Willie" cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maul den. Both men (17) the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18) of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19) Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, (20) the most important person in their lives.

单选题An American company has started testing a new program aimed at increasing security. Three workers from CityWatcher, a company that provides security camera equipment, have volunteered to be electronically monitored. They will have a silicon chip put inside their arms. The tiny device is the size of a grain of rice and will send out radio signals. These will provide information to a central monitoring system that will give the workers access to secure areas of the workplace. The chips were originally designed for medical purposes. Scan Darks, CEO of CityWatcher, said the chips were like identity cards. He said the only difference is that they are inserted inside the person"s body. He added they are very different from Global Positioning Satellite technology, which allows people"s location to be monitored. Mr. Darks insisted that they were not dangerous and even decided to have a chip implanted in his own body. However, many people are worried about the issue of privacy. Many believe the technology could be abused and that new laws will have to be made. Mr. Darks said his workers always choose to have the chips removed.

单选题Relations between the United States and Colombia suffered for many years because of an incident involving the Republic of Panama. By the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898, many Americans felt that an easier and faster way was needed to get ships from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Some people in the United States first believed that a canal across Nicaragua was the answer. However, President Theodore Roosevelt decided that a canal through Panama would be a better choice. In order to build the canal, the United States had to negotiate a treaty with Colombia, which at that time controlled Panama. Roosevelt offered Colombia $10 million plus $ 250000 a year for 99 years for a six-mile-wide strip of land across Panama. Colombia rejected the United States" offer. This angered President Roosevelt, and negotiations with Colombia ended. In 1903, a revolution broke out in Panama. The United States ships were sent by President Roosevelt to protect the Panamanian revolutionaries from Colombian forces. The revolution succeeded, and Panama declared its independence from Colombia. The United States then negotiated with the newly formed government. A treaty was signed, and the United States began building the canal. As a result of the incident, Colombia and the United States remained on bad terms for many years. Not until 1921, when the United States agreed to pay Colombia some compensation for its lost territory, did relations between the two countries improve.

单选题{{B}}Questions 26-30 are based on the following poster:{{/B}} {{B}} A Poster{{/B}} Just as the sun is starting to shine and the days are getting longer, the examination period begins! I'd like to wish all students the very best luck in your exams and with your dissertations. For those of you who will be leaving us this summer, I hope that you will take with you fond memories of Birmingham and that you keep in touch. If you are staying in Birmingham over the summer, do try to come along to our summer garden party on 18 June. Spouses and children are very welcome to join us too. Summer Garden Party Wednesday 18, June 2007 From 2 p. m.—5 p. m. Celebrate the end of exams and the end of term with a summer garden party in the beautiful grounds of Westmere on Edgbaston Park Road. All international students, their spouses and children are welcome to join us. We'll have lots of party games as well as food and drink. What better way to mark the end of the academic year? If you would like to come along, please contact Mal Graham, international Student Assistant: 0121 414 2894 M. M. Graham@bham. ac. uk. We look forward to seeing many of you there. Have a great summer.

单选题I learn that Mr. Rolleston has opened ______ with you for the publication of a series of Irish books.

单选题Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ______ for her examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. to be prepared D. being prepared

单选题Television was not invented by any one person into being______ overnight. A. nor did it spring B. nor does it spring C. nor has it sprung D. nor can it spring

单选题(Alike) light (waves), microwaves (may be) reflected and (concentrated).A. AlikeB. wavesC. may beD. concentrated

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Letting it out may be bad for your emotional health. Many people assume that sharing feelings openly and often is a positive ideal that promotes mental health. But some social critics and psychologists now conclude that repressing one's feelings may do more good than venting emotions. "A small number of researchers are taking an empirical look at the general assumption that speaking out and declaring one's feelings is better than holding them in," writes Christina Sommers, a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. At Suffilk University, psychologist Jane Bybee classified high-school students on the basis of their self-awareness: "sensitizers" were extremely aware of their internal states, "repressors" focused little on themselves, and "intermediates" occupied the middle range. Bybee then collected student evaluations of themselves and each other, along with teacher evaluations of the students. On the whole, the repressors were more socially and academically successful than their more "sensitized" classmates. Bybee speculated that repressed people, not emoters, may have a better balance of moods. In a study at Catholic University in Washington, D.C., researcher George Bonarmo tested the assumption that, in order to recover mental health, people need to vent negative emotions by discussing their feelings openly. Bonanno and other researchers found that, among adolescent girls who had suffered sexual abuse, those who "showed emotional avoidance" were healthier than those who more openly expressed grief or anger. One study of Holocaust survivors supports Bonanno in suggesting that verbalizing strong emotions may not improve a person's mental health. Researchers found that Holocaust survivors who were encouraged to talk about their experiences in the war fared worse than repressors. They concluded that repression was not pathological response to Holocaust experience and that "talking through" the atrocities failed to being closure to the survivors. Sommers note that in many societies it has been considered normal to repress private feelings, and that "in most cultures stoicism and reticence are valued, while the free expression of emotions is deemed a personal shortcoming." She is concerned that pushing someone to be "sensitizers" may also create a preoccupation with self that excludes outside interests. Sommers is particularly critical of educational approaches that attempt to encourage self-discovery and self-esteem through excessive "openness". Healthy stoicism should not be confused with the emotional numbness that may be brought on by post-traumatic stress disorder. Most people experiencing such traumas as war, assault, or natural disaster can benefit from immediate counseling, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.