单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johanna Bachofen's 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece., Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs-societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek "historian" of the fifth century B.C., who speaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle. Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact--real Amazonian societies--but rather to offer "moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women’ rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices. Thus, I would argue, the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were used as arguments for the male-dominated status quoin, in which groups composed exclusively of other sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society. Bachofen was thus misled in this reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills, and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths.

单选题Hong Kong is a city inclined toward red; in Thailand the color is yellow; India leans toward reds and oranges. These are not political colors, but colors that suggest religious beliefs.To an Asian colors are full of beliefs, religious and otherwise. To the Chinese, red is very lucky, but to Thais yellow brings good fortune. The combination of blue, black, and white is, to the Chinese, suggestive of a funeral. Many Western businessmen believe that most Asians have become Westernized(西方化) in their outlook. This is true in part. But Westernization and education do not usually completely replace the culture and beliefs of an Asian's forefathers. They tend instead to make a more sophisticated combination of his culture and religious bonds. The approach required to sell an Asian any commodity must follow the basic formula of catering(迎合) to national pride, acknowledging equality, and understanding the Asian's beliefs. Color is a touchy thing. Advertisers are advised to take into consideration the religious and superstitious(迷信的) beliefs connected with colors before using them. The color combinations of green and purple are acceptable throughout Asia as these colors seem to have been worn by religious leaders in earlier times. However, using one or both of these colors is no guarantee of sales, as a prominent manufacturer of water-recreation products learned in Malaysia. Its home office received heated request from its distributors to stop shipments on all products colored green. The distributors reported that numerous customers associated the color green with the jungle and illness.

单选题In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is______.

单选题 Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them. Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it. People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy. It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal(残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation(冲突)between hunters and hunt saboteurs(阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox's smell, which the dogs follow. Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they fire almost as mach a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.

单选题As a creative and imaginative man, Cooper wants to find a job that will give greater ______ for his talent. A. space B. scope C. place D. sphere

单选题I am not a diplomat now, but I ______. A. used to B. was used to C. used to being D. used to be

单选题The following items are mentioned in the advertisement except ______.

单选题Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth. As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies. Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, marked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country's voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. A "southern" camp headed by French wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs. It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.

单选题Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information, why do commercials sound so loud? The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its peak level. Advertisers are skillful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that much less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels. Other "tricks of the trade" are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory (听觉的) impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants (辅音) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel (元音) sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewers' attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type. The attention-getting property of commercial can be seen by observing one-to-two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However, when a commercial comes on, their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality.

单选题It is said that John's two daughters or his wife ______ to the city where he had an accident. A. going B. are going C. were going D. was going

单选题Mrs. Douglas unknowingly left a package ______ on the shop counter.

单选题Architecture is the art or science of designing and constructing buildings with durable materials following certain canons. Historically, architecture has followed a succession of recognizable styles that may, for example, be identified as Gothic, Baroque, or Neo-Classical; or it has a specific style associated with a particular culture, such as Greek, Roman, or Egyptian. Architectural style, even if it is a country house, factory, hotel, airport, or religious building reflects the values as well as the needs of the society that produces it. However , it is governed not only by taste and aesthetic interest but also by many practical considerations. The availability of suitable materials is closely linked to the development of skills and influenced the shapes of buildings. Carpentry developed in areas of the world that were thickly forested. Although it has become scarcer, timber remains an important building material. In other areas, stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are fireproof and durable. Stone is also a sculptural material; stone architecture was often integral with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined today because a number of other materials, such as glass, steel, and concrete are more economical to use and assemble. In regions where both timber and stone were scarce, earth itself was used as a building material. Mud or clay was compact into walls or made into bricks that were dried in the sun. Later, bricks were baked in kilns, which gave them greater durability. Building with stones or bricks is called masonry. The elements cohere through sheer gravity or the use of mortar. The Romans found natural cement that combined with insert substances, produced concrete. In the early 19th century a truly waterproof cement, the key ingredient of modern cement, was developed. So, it is said that Romans are great contributor to the development of architecture.

单选题"Opinion" is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn"t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance to it. "I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours," and "Everyone"s entitled to his opinion," are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another"s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant. Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another"s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend "What do you think of the new Ford cars?" And he may reply, "In my opinion, they"re ugly. " In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it"s obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, "It"s pointless to argue about matters of taste. " But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes; they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation. Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence. Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others. (311 words)

单选题The challenge of the school is______.

单选题Children don"t ______ understand what are reciting, but gradually it will have an impact on thinking.

单选题Paul: Peter, why don't you come to Mary's birthday party with us? Peter: ______.

单选题His wife has been ______ a lot of pressure on him to change his job. A. taking B. exerting C. giving D. pushing

单选题Women are entitled to ______ status with men in private and professional life. A. identical B. equal C. same D. alike

单选题There is something profoundly disturbing about the national craze to blame the oil companies for higher gasoline prices. It"s not disturbing that people are upset about having to pay hugely more for gasoline and oil products. It"s not disturbing that they are looking for someone to blame. The disturbing part is that we as a nation and as a government are blaming entities that have absolutely nothing or next to nothing to do with causing the high oil prices. It is as if we just arbitrarily decided that all left-handed people were to blame for the oil prices. That"s how crazy it is. Oil companies do not set oil prices. Oil prices are set on gigantic world markets by young millionaire hedge fund traders, by university endowments speculating in commodities, by foreign importers seeking new sources of oil for their economy, by us Americans needing cars to make us feel big and tough. The American oil companies pay these high prices by and large, add in the costs of refining and transporting, tack on the taxes we need to build our roads, and then sell us our gasoline. We in turn suck it down our throats and zoom around in our big huge cars as if gasoline were still $ 1.50 a gallon. Yes, some of the oil the oil companies sell is in fields they bought years ago and paid a lot less per barrel for than today"s prices. When the price of oil skyrockets , the oil companies make money, lots of money. But this is how corporations are supposed to work: when prices for things they already own go up, they make money. They"re not charities and we wouldn"t be able to drive for long if they were. And the money the companies make goes to the shareholders, which is basically everyone in the nation with a pension plan, and most of the rest goes to find new oil for us to guzzle down in our 500-horsepower chariots of the future. Where"s the harm? There"s no price fixing. There"s no stealing. There are just a lot of traders getting very rich driving up the price of oil and a lot of legitimate forces making buyers willing to pay it. You may not like it and I certainly hate paying four bucks a gallon at my local station in Malibu. But blaming the oil companies is pure scapegoat (找替罪羊). Immense world- wide forces are at work. Immense markets are at work. The oil companies are corks in the ocean compared with those forces.