单选题Stephen: I want to send this package parcel post, registered.Clerk: ______?Stephen: Yes, please, for sixty dollars.

单选题Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, (31) do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for (32) foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if (33) is missing a deficiency disease becomes (34) . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements -- usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and (35) nitrogen. They are different (36) their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin (37) one or more specific functions in the body. (38) enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for (39) vitamins. Many people, (40) , believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body's vitamin needs.

单选题When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma"s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best. But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶) -and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times. Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs—one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier. Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend" toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it"s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time? Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents ("Chew with your mouth closed. " "Keep your elbows off the table. ") must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially. (347 words)

单选题On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder (胆囊) removed by surgeons operating via computer from New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4,000 miles away from their patient. In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc, that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the following week. The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeon's movements in New York and the return video (from Strasbourg) on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding decoding and signal transmission time. France Telecom's engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. "I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room," says Marescaux. The successful collaboration (合作) among medicine, advanced technology, and telecommunications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world. Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a "third revolution" in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen (腹部) and thorax (胸腔) do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms (计算法) enhance the safety of the surgeon's movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distance—currently several meters in the operating room--could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers.

单选题 Once upon a time, innovation at Procter & Gamble flowed one way: from the United States outward. While the large Cincinnati-based corporation was no stranger to foreign markets, it usually sold them products that were already familiar to most Americans. Many Japanese families, for instance, swaddle their babies in Pampers diapers, and lots of Venezuelans brush their teeth with Crest. And of course (company executives assumed) Americans at home wanted these same familiar, red-white and blue brands. We might buy foreign-made cars, or chocolates, or cameras but household cleaners and detergents? Recently, however, P&G broke with this long-standing tradition. Ariel, a P&G laundry detergent, was born overseas, and is a familiar sight on store shelves in Europe and Latin America. Now bilingual packages of Ariel Ultra, a super-concentrated cleaner, are appearing on supermarket shelves in Los Angeles. Ariel's appearance in the United States reflects demographic changes making Hispanics the nation's fastest-growing ethnic group. Ariel is a hit with this population. In fact, many Mexican immigrants living in Southern California have been "importing" Ariel from Tijuana, Mexico. "Hispanics knew this product and wanted it," says P&G spokeswoman Marie Salvado. "We realized that we couldn't convince them to buy (our) other laundry detergents." P&G hopes that non-Hispanic consumers will give Ariel a try too. Ariel's already strong presence in Europe may provide a springboard for the company to expand into other markets as well. Recently P&G bought Rakona, Czechoslovakia's top detergent maker. Ariel, currently a top seller in Germany, is likely to be one of the first new brands to appear in Czech supermarkets. And Ariel is not the only foreign idea that the company hopes to transplant back to its home territory. Cinch, an all-purpose spray cleaner similar to popular European products, is currently being test-marketed in California and Arizona. Traditionally Americans have used separate cleaners for different types of surfaces, but market research shows that American preferences are becoming more like those in other countries. Insiders note that this new reverse flow of innovation reflects more sweeping changes at Procter & Gamble. The firm has hired many new Japanese, German, and Mexican managers who view P&G's business not as a one-way flow of American ideas, but a two-way exchange with other markets. Says Bonita Austin of the investment firm Wertheim-Schroeder, "When you met with P&G's top managers years ago, you wouldn't have seen a single foreign face."Today, "they could even be in the majority." As Procter & Gamble has found, the United States is no longer an isolated market. Americans are more open than ever before to buying foreign-made products and to selling U. S. -made products overseas.

单选题 An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}being seen. There is a type of authority which can be {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}there is movement and action, the true leader is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}for anecdotes, whether true or {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}, character. One of the simplest devices is to be absent {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}the occasion when the leader might be {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}has detained him. To {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}} up for this, he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}things which other folks might {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}as trivial. With this gift for {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}is relevant. He never leaves a party {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}he has mentally formed a minimum dossier (档案) on {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}present, ensuring that he knows {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof.

单选题 It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials in the year 2000 will be sufficient to supply a world economy which will have grown by five hundred percent. Southeast Asia alone will have an energy consumption five times greater than that of Western Europe in 1970. Incidentally, if the underdeveloped countries started using up petrol at the same rate as the industrialized areas, then world reserves would be exhausted by 1990. All this only goes to show just how important it is to set up a plan to conserve and divide up fairly natural resources on a worldwide scale. This is a matter of life and death because world population is expanding at an incredible rate. By the middle of the next century population will expand every year by as much as it did in the first 1,500 years after Christ. In the southern, poor parts of the globe, the figures are enough to make your hair stand on end. Even supposing that steps are taken to stabilize world population in the next fifty years, the number of inhabitants per square kilometer will increase by from 4 in the United States to 140 in South East Asia. What can we do about it? In the first hypothesis we do nothing. By the year 2000, the southern parts of the world would then have a population greater than the total world population today. Alternately we could start acting right now to bring birth rate under control within fifteen years so that population levels off. Even then the population in the southern areas would not stop growing for seventy-five years. And the population would level off at something like twice today's figure. Finally, we could wait ten to twenty years before taking action. If we wait ten years the population of the southern area would stabilize at 3,000 million. Even today the number of potential workers increases by 350,000 people per week. By the end of the century this figure will reach 750,000; in other words, it will be necessary to find work for 40 million people per year--not to speak of food. What this means in practical terms we can scarcely imagine. But clearly if we do nothing, nature will solve the problem for us. But at what cost!

单选题 This is time of year when we think about giving and receiving presents. Can you find alittle extra to give? On this page we suggest a few organizations you might like to help. {{B}}Littleton Children's Home{{/B}}We don't want your money, but children's toys, books and clothes in good conditionwould be very welcome.Also we are looking for friendly families who would take our children into their homesfor a few hours or days as guests. You have so much--will you share it?Phone Sister Thomas on 55671. {{B}}Children's Hospice{{/B}}We look after a small number of very sick children. This important work needs skill andlove. We cannot continue without gifts of money to pay for more nursing staff. We alsoneed story books and toys suitable for quiet games.Please contact the Secretary, Little Children's Hospice, Newby Road. {{B}}Street Food{{/B}}In the winter weather, it's no fun being homeless. It's even worse if you are hungry.We give hot food to at least fifty people every night. It's hard work, but necessary.Can you come and help? If not, can you find a little money? We use a very old kitchen,and we urgently need some new saucepans. Money for new ones would be most welcomeindeed.Contact Street Food, c/o Mary's House, Elming Way, Littleton. Phone 27713. {{B}}Littleton Youth Club{{/B}}Have you got an unwanted chair? --a recorder player? --a pot of paint?Because we can use them.We want to get to work on our meeting room!Please phone 66231 and we'll be happy to collect anything you can give us.Thank you ! {{B}}The Night Shelter{{/B}}We offer a warm bed for the night to anyone who has nowhere to go. We rent the for-mer commercial hotel on Green Street. Although it is not expensive, we never seem tohave quite enough money. Can you let us have a few pounds? Any amount, howeversmall, will be such a help.Send it to us at 15, Green St, Littleton. Please make check payable to Night Shel-ter.

单选题Which of the following can be the title of this passage?

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} No artist has affected modern art more than Pablo Picasso. The thousands of masterpieces he created changed the way people thought about art. Picasso was perhaps the most talented and successful artist who ever lived. Pablo Picasso was born in 1881 in a small town on the southern coast of Spain. His father was a painter who taught art. Picasso showed exceptional talent at an early age and, by the time he was in his teens, painted better than his father or any of the local art teachers. At sixteen, Picasso was sent to the Royal Academy of Madrid, where students drew from plaster casts and copied works of the old masters. Picasso felt these assignments were pointless and began to work on his own. Picasso's father soon became angry with his son's rebellious behavior, long hair, and strange clothes. He believed that Picasso was wasting talent and scolded him, "Why don't you cut your hair and paint sensibly?" In 1900, Picasso left for Paris -- then the center of the art world. He lived in a cold, rundown building, painting constantly, sometimes surviving for days on only a piece of bread. During these years, his art reflected his gloomy surroundings. The homeless were subject of many of his fairly realistic early paintings. After seeing African masks and sculptures(雕塑), his works became more simplified and angular(僵硬的) leading up to the revolutionary new style known as Cubism. Picasso didn't sell much of his works during these early years. But he worked continuously, always experimenting with different styles of painting. Though Picasso lived to be ninety-two and became the most famous artist in the world, he spoke of his youthful days in Paris as "the happiest time in my life".

单选题Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星) that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don"t threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we"ll have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn"t be cheap. Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences are if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500, 000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. "If we don"t take care of these big asteroids, they"ll take care of us," says one scientist. "It"s that simple. " The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? "The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭 性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them," said a New York Times article. (272 words)

单选题After Tesco entered the Thai market in 1998 with its brand of colorful, well-stocked superstores, angry local competitors tried to impede the powerhouse UK-based retailer's progress with a wall of lawsuits--including one that would have forced Tesco Lotus, the company's regional subsidiary, to shut off air-conditioning because chilly stores posed a public health hazard to the equatorial Thai people. Frivolous legal actions were a minor nuisance compared with what came next. Over a five-month period last year, two Tesco Lotus outlets were bombed, another peppered with automatic weapons fire and yet another hit by a rocket-propelled grenade. Despite threats by governments to ban them, chains including France's Carrefour and U.S.-based Wal-Mart are ramping up plans to hundreds of new outlets throughout the region over the next several years. The onslaught threatens to run local retailers right out of business. Local retailers are not the only ones displaced when the superstore comes to town. Because of their high turnover, hypermarkets can throw their weight around with local suppliers by demanding lower prices. Costco buys directly from manufacturers to stock its two stores in Japan-a practice that disrupts the country's entrenched but inefficient distribution networks. That's not to say the foreigners are unstoppable. Carrefour, the world's second largest retailer, tried and failed to crack the Hong Kong market in the 1990s. Hong Kong consumers seemed to prefer familiar neighborhood chain stores. Undeterred, foreign hypermarkets have learned to adapt, often by forming joint ventures with domestic partners and by stocking local wares. "A lot of people make the mistake of thinking that when Wal-Mart comes to town, we set up exactly the same system as we do everywhere," says Holley of Wal-Mart. "But we take our best practices and customize it to each market." Mike Sinegal, head of Costco's Japan operations, agrees that stores must trim their sails according to prevailing winds, but dismisses the notion that Asian consumers are very different from shoppers in, say, Los Angeles. When Costco entered Japan, he says, local suppliers insisted American shampoos wouldn't sell because Japanese hair is different. But Costco's private-label brand quickly became one of its top-selling products. "The bottom line is that the uniqueness of these markets is overrated," says Sinegal. Local retailers assert that they are more aware of the local people and their consumption customs compared with the foreigners. Shoppers, however, don't seem to care. Because of economic globalization, it doesn't matter whether you are a foreign store or a domestic store. What's important is that you provide what local customers really need at a price that most people can afford.

单选题Man: Do I have the pleasure to buy you a drink? Woman: ______.

单选题Her story shows how gentle .______and an indifference to honors and fame can lead to great achievements.

单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} After Tesco entered the Thai market in 1998 with its brand of colorful, well-stocked superstores, angry local competitors tried to impede the powerhouse UK-based retailer's progress with a wall of lawsuits--including one that would have forced Tesco Lotus, the company's regional subsidiary, to shut off air-conditioning because chilly stores posed a public health hazard to the equatorial Thai people. Frivolous legal actions were a minor nuisance compared with what came next. Over a five-month period last year, two Tesco Lotus outlets were bombed, another peppered with automatic weapons fire and yet another hit by a rocket-propelled grenade. Despite threats by governments to ban them, chains including France's Carrefour and U.S.-based Wal-Mart are ramping up plans to hundreds of new outlets throughout the region over the next several years. The onslaught threatens to run local retailers right out of business. Local retailers are not the only ones displaced when the superstore comes to town. Because of their high turnover, hypermarkets can throw their weight around with local suppliers by demanding lower prices. Costco buys directly from manufacturers to stock its two stores in Japan-a practice that disrupts the country's entrenched but inefficient distribution networks. That's not to say the foreigners are unstoppable. Carrefour, the world's second largest retailer, tried and failed to crack the Hong Kong market in the 1990s. Hong Kong consumers seemed to prefer familiar neighborhood chain stores. Undeterred, foreign hypermarkets have learned to adapt, often by forming joint ventures with domestic partners and by stocking local wares. "A lot of people make the mistake of thinking that when Wal-Mart comes to town, we set up exactly the same system as we do everywhere," says Holley of Wal-Mart. "But we take our best practices and customize it to each market." Mike Sinegal, head of Costco's Japan operations, agrees that stores must trim their sails according to prevailing winds, but dismisses the notion that Asian consumers are very different from shoppers in, say, Los Angeles. When Costco entered Japan, he says, local suppliers insisted American shampoos wouldn't sell because Japanese hair is different. But Costco's private-label brand quickly became one of its top-selling products. "The bottom line is that the uniqueness of these markets is overrated," says Sinegal. Local retailers assert that they are more aware of the local people and their consumption customs compared with the foreigners. Shoppers, however, don't seem to care. Because of economic globalization, it doesn't matter whether you are a foreign store or a domestic store. What's important is that you provide what local customers really need at a price that most people can afford.

单选题 The way people hold to the belief that a fun filled pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness, then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self-improvement. Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

单选题Eileen：I like your speech．It’s very impressive． Val：Thanks．______ A．I advise you to try it some time，too． B．And I appreciate your support． C．It is worthwhile doing something． D．You’re kidding．

单选题 Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards this is a good {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}since the world-wide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}even greater utilization of used fibre. {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}, industry's use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years. Already, waste paper {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}stationery may be less white and {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}a rougher texture. There also needs to be {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}. There are technical {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for reuse. These include paper {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.

单选题If you want to see a combination of Eastern and Western art, you can go to see______.

单选题The fee for getting information from BDU should be paid______.