单选题Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage: After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other. Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement. If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!

单选题{{B}}11-15{{/B}} Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away — straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don't have pest (害虫) problems. Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot-spray, using 40 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States." says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Pale3i finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.

单选题 Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find. "Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual," says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance. " Razitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything hut a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society. " "Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children : "We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. " Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized--going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, reorder, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise. "

单选题If these bad weather conditions Upersist/U, the game will be cancelled.

单选题In theory, the journey ought to take three hours, but in practice it usually takes four because of roadworks.

单选题It's no use blaming him. He had no choice but ______ as he was told.

单选题He has fancy dreams about his life, and nothing ever quite ______ his expectations. A. matches B. makes C. reaches D. realizes

单选题 {{B}}Directions: {{/B}} For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the {{B}}ANSWER SHEET{{/B}} by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were able to be effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when were trying to {{U}}(31) {{/U}} themselves to the new medium were technical. when working on radio, for example, they had become {{U}}(32) {{/U}}to seeing on behalf of the listener. This {{U}}(33) {{/U}} of seeing for others means that the commentator has to be very good at talking. Above all, he has to be able to {{U}}(34) {{/U}} a continuous sequence of visual images which {{U}}(35) {{/U}} meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the {{U}}(36) {{/U}} of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role, therefore, is completely different. He is there to make {{U}}(37) {{/U}} that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him focus on particular things, and to. {{U}}(38) {{/U}}the images on the television screen. Unlike his radio colleague, he must know the{{U}} (39) {{/U}} of silence and how to use it at those moments{{U}} (40) {{/U}}the pictures speak for themselves.

单选题Brown: How are you? 　　Brake: I’m fine. Thank you. And you? 　　Brown: ________.

单选题Victor: Can I get you a cup of tea? Kathy: ______ A. That's very nice of you. B. With pleasure. C. You can, please. D. Thank you for the tea.

单选题Williamsburg has now been restored so that it looks as it ______ during the 18th century.

单选题{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}} Americans are used to being warned for their self-destructive fondness for cheese-flavored snacks(有乳酪味道的快餐). But citizens of developing countries are also unable to escape the danger of the First World's fat-rich diet and couch potato ways. At last week's 8th International Congress on Obesity(肥胖), held in Paris, researchers warned that the planet's expanding waistlines threaten "to become the curse of the next millennium(千年)". "We used to consider obesity a problem of industrialized, rich countries," says Arnaud, a member of the meeting's lead committee. "But now it has become a world disease." Researchers blame the trend -- and the attendant rise in the incidence of heart disease and diabetes(糖尿病) -- on the Third World's increasing wealth, reduced physical activity, and more calorie-laden diets. As a result, the World Health Organization has estimated that 300 million people will be obese by 2025, an increase of 50 million from today. In Mauritius, for example, WHO estimates that 32 percent of the population will be obese by 2025, compared with 7 percent in 1987. Last year, WHO said that obesity's fatal impact could rival smoking. There was much hopeful discussion about new drugs such as leptin, a hormone that has proved effective for severe weight problems. But leptin should be a last resort, says Basdevant: "First of all, we have to consider prevention." If America is any indication, however, educating the world about the danger of Big Macs and cable TV will be difficult: despite heightened awareness of the need for proper diet and exercise, the number of obese Americans is expected to double over the next three decades.

单选题He bought that house, ______ that he would inherit money under his uncle's will. A. assumed B. assuming C. being assumed D. having been assumed

单选题"There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they're 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. "There is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allen Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months. Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs. Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "It's ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home." But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy; some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times and left three times. "What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends' houses." Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.

单选题"Hi, there. How"s it going?" "Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh?" "Well, I guess we can always use the rain. " What"s that? This story? Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seemingly meaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day. Maybe you"re waiting for the elevator. Or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn"t do much more than fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talk actually has a big place in our lives. Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be an invasion. It"s so powerful. It does something to you. " "Every morning after spending an hour and a half on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary," Oliver says, "If I don"t make small connection with another person, I can" t work. " What causes it? As a rule, you"re either trying to force something into your life, or you"re using conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect with another person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaningful conversation. The way people use small talk is usually determined by where they happen to be at the time. Take the elevator, for instance. Now there"s prime territory. Nobody knows anyone and there"s no reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does. Making conversation in such peaceful social settings, according to Oliver, "can confirm your territory. It"s a way of feeling liked and accepted. " The topics of small talk don"t matter. In fact, you don"t want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic. It"s non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the rules change quickly when youre with lots of people doing lots of talking. Let"s say you"re at a party. Now it"s time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortable around you, so you don"t look silly standing by the food table alone all night. (359 words)

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for the Bush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that Osama Bin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban's Afghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroad. To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, the Bush administration resurrected the Cold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make up A1 Qaeda's losses in Afghanistan. In South Asia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with India. Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development. As a Cold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation. And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the' same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. The Bush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting. Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan's poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials. And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former World Bank economist William Easterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons."

单选题Text 2 People who begin to go deaf in adult life have different problems from those who are born deaf. They have to learn different ways of behaving and different ways of communicating—perhaps at a time when learning is not at all that easy. A hearing aid is not a complete solution to the problem. The sound perceived by the deaf person through a hearing aid is distorted and appears to have more background noise than is heard by someone with normal hearing. Deafened people have to lipread as well. Lipreading is difficult, demands intense concentration, and an uninterrupted direct view of the speaker's face. No other activities can take place at the same time: the lipreader has to stop eating, stop reading, stop washing up, stop mending, stop everything in order to concentrate on hearing. It is not a question of stupidity or bad temper—as it sometimes appears to be—but a question of being very easy to misunderstand when the sound is distorted. Remember what it's like trying to communicate on a very bad telephone line. Frustrating, isn't it? The deaf have to face that all the time. A useful way of looking at the problem is to see the deaf person as a foreigner—to treat them as if you were in a foreign country. You would speak more clearly, slowly and raise your voice slightly. And you'd use gestures to make your meaning clear, as well as have no hesitation in using pencil and paper to be absolutely certain. You can do all those things with the deaf—as well as making sure you don't obscure your mouth with your hand, a pipe or a cigarette. Another point quite often overlooked is that a hearing aid may be quite efficient and useful in a quite carpeted room—but try it in the high street in the rush hour, in a noisy car, in a railway station ticket office, a cinema or a concert hall and you've got a really difficult problem to distinguish speech. So don't suggest to or encourage deaf people to go to functions which are going to make their disability appear worse—and increase their sense of failure. On the other hand careful selection of cinemas with good sound systems is important and you should experiment to find out where the best seats are for hearing, fitting adaptors for radio and television, observing which friends are easier to understand, and making sure that people talking are well-lit and all useful and positive activities.

单选题With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most (1) issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent to murder, (2) others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders. The principal argument (3) by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman (4) , that it is the mark of a (5) society, and finally that it is of (6) effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway. In our opinion, the death penalty is a (7) evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were (8) of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others. For example, it is one thing to (9) the life of another in a fit of blind rage, (10) quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher.