单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing, the Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John Me Whorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960 scounter-eulture as responsible for the decline of formal English. But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing", has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page- Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative gene is the only form that could claim real liveliness, in both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speak- ers. Mr. Me Whorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china". A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.

单选题Since any answer may bring ______ to his government, the spokesman tried to avoid the question. A. commitment B. embarrassment C. failure D. benefit

单选题From the passage we can know patients in hospital ______.

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Why has the kiwi survived while its relatives the moas have become extinct? One reason, I think, is that it has adopted nocturnal(夜间活动的) habits. Kiwis are not normally about in the daytime. During the daylight hours they lie up in hiding, where enemies have no hope of finding them. Their coloration protects them; the strange drab(黄褐色的) feathering, so unlike that of most birds, gives them a cloak(伪装)of invisibility while they sleep. And when night falls, out they come to scratch in the ground and find worms and feed to their hearts' content. They couldn't do that so effectively if they didn't have another peculiarity that I have not mentioned yet. The nostrils(鼻孔) of most birds open high up near the base of the beak(猛禽的嘴), but the kiwi wears his nostrils right near the tip of the long bill. That's good for a bird that feeds in the ground at night. The kiwi's .sight is poor at the best of times, but his sense of smell is acute and so is the sense of touch in the tip of that long bill. He can scratch in the forest floor with his eyes closed, and the, delicate sense located at the beak, tip will feel the slightest movement of a worm(蠕虫). Most of those things have an odour(气味) of some kind, which the kiwi can smell better than we can. And when he either feels or smells something worthwhile in the way of food, the delicate bill is ready to pick it up and swallow it. You see, in spite of his primitiveness, he is peculiarly and efficiently equipped for the particular way of life — better equipped than any of his competitors — and so he is able to keep ahead of them, But every time we, fell a forest tree, or open wooded land for cultivation, we axe reducing the kiwi's chance of survival, because his undoubted talents axe useful to him only under special conditions, and if those conditions axe not maintained, out he goes like a candle.

单选题Modern medicine and new methods of food production allow adults to live longer and babies to ______ easier. A. exist B. extinct C. survive D. revive

单选题George's ability to learn from observations and experience ______ greatly to his success in public life.

单选题I have heard both teachers and students ______ well of him. A. to speak B. to have spoken C. spoken D. speak

单选题There are a number of (reason) why population (is concentrated) in the regions, but the wide variety and (availability) of animal and vegetable life may be (the most important).

单选题 Passage 1 The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, particularly first marriages {{U}}(1) {{/U}} young couples, are the result of mutual attraction and affection {{U}}(2) {{/U}} than practical considerations. In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teenagers begin {{U}}(3) {{/U}} in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social contacts. Though young people feel free to choose their friends from {{U}}(4) {{/U}} groups, most choose a mate of similar background. This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually {{U}}(5) {{/U}} choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable. {{U}}(6) {{/U}}, marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater {{U}}(7) {{/U}} of today's youth and the fact that they are restricted by fewer prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their home towns to attend colleges, {{U}}(9) {{/U}} in the armed forces, or pursue a career in the bigger cities. Once away from home and family, they are more {{U}}(9) {{/U}} to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither rare nor shocking. Interfaith marriages are on the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and {{U}}(10) {{/U}} a family. Marriages between people of different national origin (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here since colonial times.

单选题 {{B}}Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage:{{/B}} {{B}}　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Medicine Directions{{/B}} I　　Take two tablets with warm water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, asrequired. For maximum nighttime and early morning relief, take two tablets at bedtime. Donot exceed six tablets in twenty-four hours.　　For children six to twelve years old, give half the adult dosage. For children under sixyears old consult your doctor.　　Reduce dosage if nervousness, restlessness, or sleeplessness occurs.

单选题All the people ______ treatment protested that the medical fee was too high to be acceptable. A. of B. on C. with D. under

单选题 All of us communicate with one another non-verbally, as well as with words. Most of the timewe're not aware that we're doing it. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else'seyes and look away, shift positions in a chair. These actions we assume are random and incidental.But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistentand comprehensible as language. Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its nuances along with spokenlanguage. A Frenchman talks and moves in French. The way an Englishman crosses his legs isnothing like the way a male American does it. In talking, Americans are apt to end a statementwith a droop of the head or hand, a lowering of the eyelids. They wind up a question with a lift ofthe hand, a lift of the chin or a widening of the eyes. With a future-tense verb they often gesturewith a forward movement. There are regional idioms too, an expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just bythe way he uses his eyebrows during conversation. Your sex, ethnic background, social class andpersonal style all influence your body language. Nevertheless, you move and gesture within theAmerican idiom. The person who is truly bilingual is also bilingual in body language. New York's famousmayor, Fiorello La Guardia, politicked in English, Italian and Yiddish. When films of hisspeeches are run without sound, it's not too difficult to identify from his gestures the language hewas speaking. One of the reasons English-dubbed foreign films often seem flat is that the gesturesdon't match the language. Usually, the wordless communication acts to qualify the words. What the nonverbal elementsexpress very often, and very efficiently, is the emotional side of the message. When a person feelsliked or disliked, often it's a case of "not what he said but the way he said it." PsychologistAlbert Mehrabian has devised this formula: total impact of a message=7% verbal + 38% vocal +55% facial. The importance of the voice can be seen when you consider that even the words "I hateyou" can be made to sound sexy. Experts in kinetics, the study of eommunication through body movement, are not preparedto spell out a precise vocabulary of gestures, when an American rubs his nose, it may mean he isdisagreeing with someone or rejecting something. But there are other possible interpretations, too.Another example: when a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man's eyes alittle longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect and affection ; it can be a subtle challenge tothe professor's authority; or it can be something else entirely. The expert looks for patterns in thecontext, not for an isolated meaningful gesture.

单选题 When you are near a lake or a river, you feel cool. Why? The sun makes the earth hot, but it can't make the water very hot. Although the air over the earth becomes hot, the air over the water stays cool. The hot air over the earth rises. Then the cool air over the water moves in and takes the place of the hot air. Then you feel the cool air and the wind, which makes you cool. Of course, scientists can't answer all of your questions. If we ask, "Why is the ocean full of salty" scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold, it cracks. Rain falls into the cracks. The rain then carries the salt into he earth and into the rivers. The rivers carry the salt into the ocean. But then we ask, "What happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean doesn't get more slat every year." Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question. We know a lot about our world. But there are still many answers that we do not have, and we are curious.

单选题(If) it receives (enough) rain at the proper time, hay (will grow) quickly (as) grass.A. IfB. enoughC. will growD. as

单选题 In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want railroads to he the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper. Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10. 2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $ 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.

单选题Letting it out may be bad for your emotional health. Many people assume that sharing feelings openly and often is a positive ideal that promotes mental health. But some social critics and psychologists now conclude that repressing one's feelings may do more good than venting emotions. "A small number of researchers are taking an empirical look at the general assumption that speaking out and declaring one's feelings is better than holding them in," writes Christina Sommers, a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. At Suffilk University, psychologist Jane Bybee classified high-school students on the basis of their self-awareness: "sensitizers" were extremely aware of their internal states, "repressors" focused little on themselves, and "intermediates" occupied the middle range. Bybee then collected student evaluations of themselves and each other, along with teacher evaluations of the students. On the whole, the repressors were more socially and academically successful than their more "sensitized" classmates. Bybee speculated that repressed people, not emoters, may have a better balance of moods. In a study at Catholic University in Washington, D.C., researcher George Bonarmo tested the assumption that, in order to recover mental health, people need to vent negative emotions by discussing their feelings openly. Bonanno and other researchers found that, among adolescent girls who had suffered sexual abuse, those who "showed emotional avoidance" were healthier than those who more openly expressed grief or anger. One study of Holocaust survivors supports Bonanno in suggesting that verbalizing strong emotions may not improve a person's mental health. Researchers found that Holocaust survivors who were encouraged to talk about their experiences in the war fared worse than repressors. They concluded that repression was not pathological response to Holocaust experience and that "talking through" the atrocities failed to being closure to the survivors. Sommers note that in many societies it has been considered normal to repress private feelings, and that "in most cultures stoicism and reticence are valued, while the free expression of emotions is deemed a personal shortcoming." She is concerned that pushing someone to be "sensitizers" may also create a preoccupation with self that excludes outside interests. Sommers is particularly critical of educational approaches that attempt to encourage self-discovery and self-esteem through excessive "openness". Healthy stoicism should not be confused with the emotional numbness that may be brought on by post-traumatic stress disorder. Most people experiencing such traumas as war, assault, or natural disaster can benefit from immediate counseling, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

单选题A: Fine day, isn"t it? B: Well, yeah, it"s beautiful. A: You"re looking so nice. B: ______

单选题Large lecture classes are frequently regarded as a necessary evil. Such classes (1) be offered in many colleges and universities to meet high student (2) with limited faculty resource, (3) teaching a large lecture class can be a (4) task. Lecture halls are (5) large, barren, and forbidding. It is difficult to get to know students. Students may seem bored in the (6) environment and may (7) read newspapers or even leave class in the middle of a lecture. Written work by the students seems out of the (8) . Although the challenges of teaching a large lecture class are (9) , they are not insurmountable. The solution is to develop (10) methods of classroom instruction that can reduce, if not (11) , many of the difficulties (12) in the mass class. In fact, we have (13) at Kent State University teaching techniques which help make a large lecture class more like a small (14) . An (15) but important benefit of teaching the course (16) this manner has involved the activities of the teaching assistants who help us mark students' written work. The faculty instructor originally decided to ask the teaching assistants for help (17) this was the only practical way to (18) that all the papers could be evaluated. Now those (19) report enjoying their new status as "junior professors", gaining a very different (20) on college education by being on the other side of the desk, learning a great deal about the subject matter, and improving their own writing as a direct result of grading other students' papers.

单选题 JOB INFORMATION Job Title: Banking Employer: Confidential Source: NY Times Classified Ads Location: New York, NY Date: 09-16-2005 JOB DESCRIPTION Description: BANKING OPENING NEW BRANCHES We are growing domestic bank who seek exp"d staff for our new branches. Branch managers 2+ yrs exp in Br Mgmt, knwlg in all bkg products and regs, excellent Mgmt skills a must, sales and mktg skills. Tellers (F/T, P/T) Banking experience preferred. Customer Serv Reps (F/T, P/T) Banking background a must. Qualified candidates should e-mail resume to hr@doralbankny. com or fax to 212-329-3745. Doral Bank is EOE. For more details visit www. doralbankny. com.

单选题Speech is the______ability possessed only by human beings.