单选题A: What happened to the priceless works of art? B: ______

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors-habits-among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues. "There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habit," said Dr. Curtis, the director the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine. " We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically. " The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to-Procter Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever-had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines. If you look hard enough, you'll find that many of the products we use every day-chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity- preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands. A few decades ago, many people didn't drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup. "Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns", said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. "Creating positive habit is a huge part of improving our consumers' lives, and it's essential to making new products commercially viable. " Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

单选题Shanghai, New York and Tokyo are ______ populated cities.

单选题Do people stop once they have achieved something? No! In life, we are always trying to do things better or having more of the same success. Jane Fonda moved from being an Academy Award actress to a successful businesswoman. Her aerobics (有氧体操) workout videos have been sold around the world. Athletes are constantly making greater and greater efforts to lower time for races; increase heights or distances. The world of medicine has had its series of successes too. Christian Barnard performed several successful heart transplants. Other medical experts have achieved organ transplants. Throughout the ages, mankind has found treatment and cures for tuberculosis (肺结核), cancer, and other diseases. A cure of ADS might soon be discovered. Age does not seem to slow down achievers. Tina Turner at 54 is still singing with great energy and attracting sell-out crowds wherever she goes. At work, we go all out for achievements too. Success may mean organizing a conference more effectively and efficiently each year. Sometimes, it is not a pat on the back or the promotion that makes it worthwhile. Often it is the inner thrill and satisfaction of achievement, no matter how small it may be. Aiming for success doesn"t mean you are greedy or dissatisfied. It is all part of gaining new experiences and dimensions in life. It finally makes you a more interesting and useful person in society.

单选题Double Income and No Kids(DINK) becomes fashionable in China. The DLNK couples are usually regarded as those who have higher educations and (31) careers with higher incomes. The increase in DINK families has shattered the Chinese traditional idea of the family and (32) typical. A survey conducted recently in Beijing by a market survey company (33) that about 3.8 percent of 1,300 surveyed families in Beijing said they have (34) plans to have children. It is estimated there are about 600,000 DINK families in large cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing. Why they choose such a lifestyle is concluded in (35) reasons. Some are showing great worry for the rapid growth of population; some are indulged in building a more well-off family; some are showing sharp (36) to get themselves free from the obligation of raising children. (37) , most people still believe it is necessary to bear a child to keep the family line on. As an old Chinese saying goes, there are three aspects in failing to be a filial son and the (38) serious one is to have no heir for the farnily. So childless couples will suffer discrimination (39) family members and neighbors. But it is clear that the new tide of ideas has come, which suggests young people (40) to choose their own way of life They are installing modem ideas into traditional families and society. In the modernization process, personal choices will be highly respected.

单选题After his uncle died, the young man ______ the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble. A. inhabited B. inherited C. inhibited D. inhaled

单选题I didn't ______to take a taxi but I had to as I was late. A. assume B. suppose C. mean D. hope

单选题It is ordered that a new bridge ______ over the wide river. A. should be built B. would built C. will be built D. built

单选题"There is nothing I dislike ______ children who are dishonest." This sentence means that I most dislike children who are dishonest. A. more B. than C. more than D. As

单选题Parents buy mobile phones for their children because ______.

单选题A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830's through the early 1890's. Meatpackers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packinghouses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. Because the history maintains that conditions were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-1880's, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fact that the 1880's were crucial years in American labor history, and that the' packinghouse workers’ efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform. In fact, other historical sources for the late nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing houses were dangerous places to work. The government investigation commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act found the packinghouses unsanitary, while social workers observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked. The history may be too optimistic because most of its data date from the 1880 's at the latest, and the information provided from that decade is insufficiently analyzed. Conditions actually declined in the 1880's, and continued to decline after the 1880's, due to a reorganization of the packing process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The 'deterioration, in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discussed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industry's workers from the 1880's on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched. The author's misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the history's faulty generalizations. The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, less the products of the industrial world of the packers—the giant yards and the intricate plants—than of the unity and vibrancy of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable community on Chicago's South Side. Indeed, the strength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.

单选题Governments today play an increasingly larger role in the ______ of welfare, economics, and education. A. scopes B. ranges C. ranks D. domains

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choices the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal {{U}}(21) {{/U}} an area. The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his {{U}}(22) {{/U}} and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, {{U}}(23) {{/U}} up the best territory in the order of "first come, first {{U}}(24) {{/U}} ." The late arrivals may acquire {{U}}(25) {{/U}} territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the {{U}}(26) {{/U}} of the enemies of the species. {{U}}(27) {{/U}} there is really insufficient food or the danger is very great, the animal will not {{U}}(28) {{/U}}. In this way, the members of the species which are less fit will not have offspring. When there is conflict {{U}}(29) {{/U}}. territory, animals will commonly use force, or a {{U}}(30) {{/U}} of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, however, that animals seem to use {{U}}(31) {{/U}} the minimum amount of force {{U}}(32) {{/U}} to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the {{U}}(33) {{/U}} of those animals which are capable of doing each other great harm, {{U}}(34) {{/U}} is a system for the losing animal to show the winning animals that he {{U}}(35) {{/U}} to submit. When he shows this, the {{U}}(36) {{/U}} normally stops fighting. Animals (especially birds), which can easily escape from conflict seem to have {{U}}(37) {{/U}} obstacle against killing, and equally no mechanism {{U}}(38) {{/U}} submission. The losing bird simply flies away. However, if two doves are {{U}}(39) {{/U}} in a cage, and they start fighting, they will continue to fight until one kills the other. We all think of the dove as a symbol of peace and, in its natural habitat, it is peaceful. But the "peace" mechanism does not {{U}}(40) {{/U}} in a cage.

单选题 Directions: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are .four suggested answers. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.{{B}}11-15{{/B}} Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away --straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don't have pest (害虫) problems. Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot-spray, using 40 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States." says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.

单选题Women want the same pay if they hold the same jobs as men. At home, however, they do not expect their husbands to ______ in the housework.

单选题Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. (21) the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are (22) . Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. (23) 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards this is a good (24) since the world-wide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and (25) schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have (26) even greater utilization of used fibre. (27) , industry's use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years. Already, waste paper (28) 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology (29) to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled (30) in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also (31) . We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; (32) stationery may be less white and (33) a rougher texture. There also needs to be (34) from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper (35) to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous (36) . There are technical (37) to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for reuse. These include paper (38) books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common (39) of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material (40) goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.

单选题Receptionist: Front desk. Can I help you? Hotel guest: This is Mr. Burton in 1205. ______? Receptionist: Of course. What time?

单选题"I don't understand how you got a ticket. I always thought you were a careful driver." "______, but I thought I could get through the intersection before the light turned." A. I am usually B. Usually am I C. I usually am D. Am I usually

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the au- dience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by SL Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "On, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you musm't at- tempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. ten it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow oran unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.' Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected D. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

单选题Text 1 Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semi-permanent change of residence". However, our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants. Students of human migration speak of "push" and "pull" factors, which influence an individual's decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination). Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call "intervening obstacles." Even if push and (or) pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by "personal factors" of the potential migrant. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.