单选题A new technique ______ worked out, we set about our project. A. being B. to be C. having D. having been

单选题The stock ______ in value should be sold.

单选题Mary: What are you working on?Susan: I'm doing some embroidery.Mary: ______Susan: I don't do very much, just for very special occasions.

单选题Good research involves (more) merely (gathering) information; (it) is (essentially) a thinking activity.A. moreB. gatheringC. itD. essentially

单选题Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare's Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso's painting Guernica primarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form. This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits—the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach--in strikingly original ways.

单选题{{B}}11-15{{/B}} Communication is the sending of information or news from one person to another. If human beings could not communicate with one another, each person would have to learn everything for himself. Although animals as well as men can communicate, so far as we know, they can express only the simple emotions like pain, joy, fear, hunger, anger and love. Some animals have a more advanced form of language using sounds, and others use a wide range of sounds and face movements, but we still have much to learn about these animal languages. Speech is the most important means of communication between people. But it is not the only one. Nor is it the oldest. We use facial expressions, gestures and hand movements to express our feelings and to send signals to other people. Animals use this "body language" a great deal. The sign language used by deaf people is an example of communication without speech, while blind people communicate largely through touch and hearing.

单选题 FIVE-DAY WEATHER TODAY TOMORROW SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY High 29Low 21Variably cloudySunrise:6:35 a. m.Sunset:8:04 p. m. High 28Low 20Mainly cloudywith isolatedshowersending in theafternoonSunrise:6:36 a. rn.Sunset:8:02 p. m. High 27Low 19Sunny withcloudy periodsdeveloping inthe afternoonSunrise:6:38a. m.Sunset:8:00 p.m. High 26Low 17Thundershowers(POP 8O%)Sunrise:6:40 a. m.Sunset :7:57p. m. High 24Low 16Windy withthundershowersand possiblystorm in thenorthSunrise:6:42 a. m.Sunset:7:55p. m.

单选题Passage 6 Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline, is "intelligent"; yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D. --Nervous Break Down. "Intelligent" people do not have N.B.D. because they are in charge of themselves; they know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives. You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are part of what it means to be a human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.

单选题There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends(红利). A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the "labor-market premium (额外收益) to skill"—or the amount college graduates earned that's greater than what high-school graduates earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复) since the 1980s. In 2005, the typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50900, 62% more than the $31500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma. There's no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn't come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49260 in 2007— 2008) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of- state student ($35542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17380) there? Not likely. No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren't evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider. As with automobiles, consumers in today's college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world's hottest consumer trend, maybe it's best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车): an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.

单选题 When we conduct foreign trade, the importance of understanding the language of a country cannot be underestimated. The successful marketer must achieve export communication which requires a thorough understanding of the language as well as the ability to speak it. Those who deal with advertising should be concerned less with obvious differences between languages and more with the exact meanings expressed. A dictionary translation is not the same as an idiomatic interpretation, and seldom will the dictionary translation meet the needs. A national producer of soft drinks had the company's brand name impressed in Chinese characters which were phonetically (按照发音 ) accurate. It was discovered later, however, that the translation's literal meaning was "female horse fattened with wax," hardly the image the company sought to describe. So carelessly translated advertising statements not only lose their intended meaning but can suggest something very different including something offensive or ridiculous. Sometimes, what was translated was not an image the companies had in mind for their products. Many people believe that to fully appreciate the hue meaning of a language it is necessary to live with the language for years. Whether or not this is the case, foreign marketers should never take it for granted that they are affectively communicating in another language.

单选题______ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. A. Even if B. As far as C. If only D. So long as

单选题 President Coolidge's statement, 'The business of America is business," still points to an important truth today--that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom. Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.

单选题The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) . But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) . A tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in the East around 3000 B.C., and the abacus is known (40) by the ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese, etc.

单选题A person's home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends he spends his time with. Depending on personality, most people have in mind a (n)" (1) home". But in general, and especially for the students or new wage earners, there are practical (2) of cash and location on achieving that idea. Cash (3) , in fact, often means that the only way of (4) when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things are (5) financially. There are obvious (6) of living at home-personal laundry is usually (7) done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (8) . And there is (9) the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc. On the other hand, this (10) depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family— (11) do you like them? Are you prepared to be (12) when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you are expected to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a (n) (13) , and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you (14) finding somewhere else to live? If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (15) well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always (16) . If you are going to work in a (17) area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies, (18) these should be approached with (19) . Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (20) of the first week's rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.

单选题______ the dog was the first animal to be domesticated is generally agreed upon by authorities in the field. A. Until B. It was C. What D. That

单选题It is possible for a person to ______ negative attitudes and gain healthy confidence need to realize his or her dreams. A. get rid of B. get away with C. get out of D. get along with

单选题Candy is one of those women who always ______ the latest fashions. A. put up with B. come up with C. get on with D. keep up with

单选题Jane: How did you enjoy the movie last night? Geoff: ______.

单选题A: I missed Prof. Wang's linguistics class again yesterday.B: ______

单选题This is the only book ______ I have on chemistry. A. what B. what so ever C. which D. that