单选题 When I was walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small brownleather wallet lying on the sidewalk. I picked it up and opened it to see if I could find out theowner's name. There was nothing inside it except some change and an old photograph--a pictureof a woman and a young girl about twelve years old, who looked like the woman' s daughter. I putthe photograph back and took the wallet to the police station, where I handed it to the desksergeant. Before I left, the sergeant took down my name and address in case the owner might wantto write and thank me. That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also invited a youngwoman so that there would be four people at the table. Her face was familiar. I was quite sure thatwe had not met before, but I couhtn't remember where I had seen her. In the course ofconversation, however, the young woman happened to mention that she had lost her wallet thatafternoon. All at once I realized where I had seen her. She was the young girl in the photograph,although she was now much older. She was very surprised, of course, when I was able to describeher wallet to her. Then I explained that I had recognized her fi'om the photograph I had found in thewallet. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately to claim the wallet. As thepolice sergeant handed it over, he said that it was amazing that I had not only found the wallet,but also the person who had lost it.

单选题Directions: In this part there are four passages, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. When I was still an architecture student, a teacher told me, "We learn more from buildings that fall down than from buildings that stand up. " What he meant was that construction is as much the result of experience as of theory. Although structural design follows established formulas, the actual performance of a building is complicated by the passage of time, the behavior of users, the natural elements—and unnatural events. All are difficult to simulate. Buildings, unlike cars, can't be crash—tasted. The first important lesson of the World Trade Center collapse is that tall buildings can withstand the impact of a large jetliner. The twin towers were supported by 59 perimeter columns on each side. Although about 30 of these columns, extending from four to six floors, were destroyed in each building by the impact, initially both towers remained standing. Even so, the death toll (代价) was appalling—2,235 people lost their lives. I was once asked, how tall buildings should be designed given what we'd learned from the World Trade Center collapse. My answer was, "Lower". The question of when a tall building becomes unsafe is easy to answer. Common aerial fire-fighting ladders in use today are 100 feet high and can reach to about the 10th floor, so fires in buildings up to 10 stories high can be fought from the exterior (外部). Fighting fires and evacuating occupants above that height depend on fire stairs. The taller the building, the longer it will take for firefighters to climb to the scene of the fire. So the simple answer to the safety question is "Lower than 10 stories". Then why don't cities impose lower height limits? A 60-story office building does not have six times as much rentable space as a 10-story building. However, all things being equal, such a building will produce four times more revenue and four times more in property taxes. So cutting building heights would mean cutting city budgets. The most important lesson of the World Trade Centex collapse is not that we should stop building tall buildings but that we have misjudged their cost. We did the same thing when we underesti-mated the cost of hurtling along a highway in a steel box at 70 miles per hour. It took many years before seat belts, air bags, radial tires, and antilock brakes became commonplace. At first, cars simply were too slow to warrant concern. Later, manufacturers resisted these expensive devices, arguing that consumers would not pay for safety. Now we do—willingly.

单选题 Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was{{U}} (31) {{/U}}on both sides with many various businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. {{U}}(32) {{/U}}, some shops offered{{U}} (33) {{/U}}. These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. {{U}}(34) {{/U}}in the 1950s, a change began to{{U}} (35) {{/U}}. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street{{U}} (36) {{/U}}too few parking places were available to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces{{U}} (37) {{/U}}the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centres, or rather malls, {{U}}(38) {{/U}}as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centres. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from{{U}} (39) {{/U}}areas to outlying malls. And the growing popularity of shopping centres led in tam to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. {{U}}(40) {{/U}}the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the convenience of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.

单选题Following the disaster at Chernobyl, nuclear experts proposed a program to make nuclear power around the world safer. At the top of the agenda were fundamental improvements in the training of operators and the design of control systems for reactors. The International Atomic Energy Agency also chose the meeting on the Chernobyl accident to announce it would step up its safety checks of nuclear power stations. Up to that time, with more than 300 nuclear power plants operating worldwide, the IAEA had sent safety review teams to inspect stations in only nine countries, mostly in the Third World. Now the emphasis would switch to reactors in the developed world, including the Soviet Union, US and Britain. According to regulations, an international safety review could be undertaken by the IAEA only following a formal request from a member country. However, the meeting in Vienna produced a list of 14 recommendations for future action following the Soviet report on Chernobyl. The IAEA meeting said that better fire protection and more advanced techniques for firefighting were needed. The possibility of developing lightweight clothing to protect firefighters from radiation was of particular interest; so was the use of robot firefighters. The Soviet Union used minerals and sand to damp down the fires. Both Soviet and Western experts agreed there was no way of knowing in advance if this would work. Luckily, it did. Decontamination (去除放射性污染) was another area where the international nuclear community was anxious to learn more from Chernohyl. The Soviet clean-up involved treating buildings and the ground around the reactor with special chemicals to reduce the spread of radioactive dust. Heavily contaminated soil was removed. At the final press conference about the Chemohyl accident, the leader of the Soviet delegation (代表团) claimed that Chernobyl would not be repeated. There would have to be greater efforts to make sure that the design of nuclear plants eliminated the possibility of errors by operatorns. This would include making it difficult to override (使无效) safety systems, as happened at Chernobyl. It would also mean greater use of simulators (模拟装置) to train operators.

单选题A: This is one of a pair, isn' t it? B: Yes, madam. A: Well, can I see the other one, please? B:______ A. Certainly, madam, here it is. B. Fancy meeting you here. C. That' s right, but you are late. D. How can I help you?

单选题 It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean's largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior. So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 33 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy's formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies. Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption (爆发) for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures. The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second-- slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patient's chest to a doctor's ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.

单选题The scientist has made another wonderful discovery, ______ is of great importance to science. A. which I think B. which I think it C. of which I think D. I think which

单选题Nearly all "speed reading" courses have a "pacing" element—some timing device which lets the student know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. Check the average number of words per page for the particular book you are reading. How do you know when 5 minutes has passed on your watch if you are busy reading the book? Well, this is difficult at first. A friend can help by timing you over a set period, or you can read within hearing distance of a public clock which strikes the quarter hours. Pace yourself every three or four days, always with the same kind of easy, general interest books. You should soon notice your accustomed w.p.m. rate creeping up. Obviously there is little point in increasing your w.p.m. rate if you do not understand what you are reading. When you are consciously trying to increase your reading speed, stop after every chapter (if you are reading a novel) or every section or group of ten or twelve pages (if it is a textbook) and ask yourself a few questions about what you have been reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, reread the section or chapter. You can also try "lightning speed" exercise from time to time. Take four or five pages of the general interest book you happen to be reading and read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. Now go back and read them at what you feel to be your "normal" w.p.m. rate, the rate at which you can comfortably understand. After a lightning speed reading through you will usually find that your "normal" speed has increased—perhaps by as much as 50-100 w.p.m. This is the technique sportsmen use when they usually run further in training than they will have to on the day of the big race. (341 words)

单选题Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn"t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of "come here, sit," it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack (群) by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. (278 words)

单选题Passage Four The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effects" a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death." George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery," he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide." On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably sufferings" to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension./

单选题Bob: Can I help with your luggage?Mary: ______.

单选题The new big factory is reported ______ within two years. A. to have completed B. to complete C. having been completed D. to have been completed

单选题 Certainly, the most popular method of traveling used by Americans is the privately-owned automobile. The vast majority of Americans have a car, and many families have two.{{U}} (31) {{/U}}during your visit to the United States, you may decide to rent a car to travel outside the city or to travel to other parts of the country. Car rental companies are{{U}} (32) {{/U}}in the telephone book and are located in most cities and towns.{{U}} (33) {{/U}}, there are usually rental cars at airports and train and bus stations. As is tree everywhere in the world, you can rent a car{{U}} (34) {{/U}}the day, week, or month. Some companies{{U}} (35) {{/U}}have special weekend rates that you may find especially interesting if you have only a limited{{U}} (36) {{/U}}of time to travel around the area you are visiting. Since each company has its own rules and rates, it is a good idea to{{U}} (37) {{/U}}prices among companies to get the best rates to suit your purposes. For example, most car rental costs{{U}} (38) {{/U}}how long you plan to keep the car and how far you travel. However, some companies may include gasoline in their rates, but{{U}} (39) {{/U}}do not. Some companies require that you{{U}} (40) {{/U}}the car to its starting point; others will permit you to leave the car in another city.

单选题Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery ______ just around the corner was untrue. A. was B. being C. would be D. to be

单选题A: Doctor Smith is engaged on Wednesday. Would you like to come on Thursday? B: ______ A. Thursday would be fine. B. See you then. C. Thank you very much. Good-bye. D. Iris very kind of you.

单选题For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn". People are invited query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks, so it is a hit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the aver age Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. What's the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test, Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we earn about it from neurology, genetics, computer and other fields? The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as alley used to be. The test comes primrily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate book stores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, Rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessmen: Test (SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE),capture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?", Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytica and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowl- edge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.

单选题Speaker A: I've got a fever and a really bad headache. Speaker B: ______

单选题The fire started on the first floor of the hospital ______ were elderly and weak. A. many of its patients B. many of whose patients C. many patients of whom D. many of which patients

单选题"High tech" and "state of the art" are two expressions that describe very modern technology. High tech is just a shorter way of saying high technology. And high technology describes any invention, system of device that uses the newest ideas or discoveries of science and engineering. What is high tech? A computer is high tech. So is a communications satellite. A modern manufacturing (生产) system is surely high tech. High tech became a popular expression in the United States during the early 1980s. Because of improvements in technology, people could buy many new kinds of products in American stores, such as home computers, microwave (微波) ovens, etc. "State of the art" is something that is as modern as possible. It is a product that is based on the very latest methods and technology. Something that is "state of the art" is the newest possible design or product of a business or industry. A state of the art television set, for example, uses the most modern electronic design and parts. It is the best that one can buy. "State of the art" is not a new expression. Engineers have used it for years, to describe the best and most modern way of doing something. Millions of Americans began to use the expression in the late 1970s. The reason was the computer revolution. Every computer company claimed that its computers were "state of the art". Computer technology changed so fast that a state of the art computer today might be old tomorrow. The expression "state of the art" became common and popular as computers themselves. Now all kinds of products are said to be "state of the art".

单选题(Despite of) the pills (which) are available, many people (still) have trouble (sleeping).