问答题Success in improving students' thinking skills will require long-term commitment and a continuing emphasis on those proven teaching methods and activities that engage students in thinking, explicitly focus on specific thinking skills, and help students become more aware of their own thought processes. Instruction in thinking skills will have lasting benefits--students better able to acquire new information, to examine complex issues critically, and to solve new problems. In a world of rapid change and increasing complexity, it is difficult to imagine skills that are more fundamental. Like the ability to fish in the Chinese proverb, the ability to think lasts a lifetime.

问答题Directions: You are asked to write a composition according to the outline given below. Your composition should be not less than 120 words. You should write it clearly. (1)竞争是社会生活中常见的现象。 (2)我们发现竞争与合作共存。 (3)在竞争时也应合作。

问答题 {{U}}The types of daydreams, whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles: positive, negative and scattered, American Health reports.{{/U}} Although everyone lapses occasionally into each of these types, positive daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy, playful or entertaining scenarios. (2){{U}}Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life's darker side imagining dangerous and/or life threatening situations, such as the{{/U}} {{U}}appearance of a fatal or weakening disease or becoming a victim of violence.{{/U}} Scattered daydreamers are easily bored and distracted. "Their mental images tend to be fleeting, repetitive and shallow, like variations on the same fairy tales," explains Yale psychologist Ron Tower. (3){{U}}While all three types are common, positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springboards (跳板) for problem solving, while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious.{{/U}} Negative daydreamers are waiting for the other shoe "to fall." Their imaginations are often guilt-ridden or obsessive. There are times when drifting away can cause problems, according to Bolin. "If daydreaming gets in the way of daily function because the person is doing it all day, the person won't be very productive," she says. "The amount of time and the frequency that a person daydreams is what's important. It should not take up all of your time. (4){{U}}If people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive (过多的) , they should take a realistic look at what's going on in their life and ask themselves what the are trying to avoid.{{/U}} Then they can assess what steps they need to take to correct the situation." (Anyone who has a hard time discriminating between reality and imagination or starts replacing real life family and friends with imagined people should seek professional help.) (5){{U}}Professor Singer sums up the advantages of daydreams to the average person: "by sitting quietly and letting your daydreams emerge instead of squelching (抑制) them, you may find there are parts of yourself you haven't been listening to.{{/U}} Instead of fearing them, you'll gain access to tremendous range of interesting, creative ideas."

问答题Britain's Cabinet Office released a sweeping report on the country's food policy, and determined that Britons are wasting too much food. A third of the food bought for home consumption is wasted- 6.7 million tonnes. Most of this could have been eaten. Wasting food costs the average UK family ￡420 a year. Eliminating the unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions that this wasted food produces would be equivalent to taking one in five cars off UK roads. By using 60% of food thrown away by households, enough energy could be generated to provide power for all the homes in Glasgow and Edinburgh. This waste is adding to the rise in food prices, the report said, in a world where food output must rise dramatically. The report notes that, according to a report by the World Bank, cereal production needs to increase by 50 percent and meat production 80 percent between 2000 and 2030 to meet global demand. The report noted that food waste contributes to greenhouse emissions, partly because rotting food in landfills generates methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. The report also said that, because of problems with storage or distribution, as much as 40 percent of food harvested in the developing world is wasted before it reaches the plate. In the foreword to the report, Prime Minister Gordon Brown said that food waste is a global problem. Recent food price rises are a powerful reminder that access to ever more affordable food cannot be taken for granted, and it is the family finances of the poorest in our society that are hit hardest when food prices increase. But the principal food security challenge for the UK is a global one. We cannot deal with higher food prices in the UK in isolation from higher prices around the world- attempting to pursue national food security in isolation from the global context is unlikely to be practicable, sustainable or financially rational. Americans do not seem to be doing much better at conserving food than their counterparts across the Atlantic. Last month, The New York Times cited a 1997 study from the U.S. Department of Agriculture that found that Americans discard an estimated 27 percent of the food available for consumption, about a pound per day per person.

问答题您可以给我一次面谈机会吗?如果您愿意告诉我何时方便，我将做好相应安排。

问答题With the rise of the women's movement in the late 1960s, the political significance of dress became increasingly explicit. Rejecting orthodox sex roles, blue jeans were a woman's weapon against uncomfortable popular fashions and the view that women should be passive. This was the cloth of action; the cloth of labor became the badge of freedom. If blue jeans were for rebels in the 1960s and early 1970s, by the 1980s they had become a foundation of fashion—available in a variety of colors, textures, fabrics, and fit. On television, in magazine advertising, on the sides of buildings and buses, jeans call out to us. Their humble past is obscured; practical roots are incorporated into a new aesthetic. Jeans are now the universal symbol of the individual and Western democracy. They are the costume of liberated women, with a fit tight enough to restrict like the harness of old—but with the look of freedom and motion. In blue jeans, fashion reveals itself as a complex world of history and change.

问答题Part B Directions: In this section you are asked to write an essay of no less than 150 words about your comments on "Which Is More Important: Competition Or Cooperation?" You should write according to the requirements given below. Requirements：Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to be cooperative. Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation. Tell which one you agree with and explain why.

问答题全球经济刺激政策是否同进同退 2008年9月15日，以雷曼兄弟倒闭为转折点，美国次贷危机进一步恶化，并迅速 演变为波及全球的金融风暴。世界各国迅速采取救市行动，来抵御金融危机的冲击，各 国刺激经济的政策几乎是同步跟进。 一是采取张性的货币政策(expansionary fiscal policy)。2008年10月8日世 界6家主要央行有史以来首次联手降息。美联储、欧洲央行、英国央行、瑞士央行、 加拿大央行和瑞典央行，联合宣布将基准利率均下调50基点。全球共同降息的通道就 此打开，各国利率水平不断下调。2008年12月16日美联储决定将联邦基金利率降到 历史最低点；2009年3月5日英国央行和欧洲央行均宣布降息50基点，利率双双创出 历史新低，全球主要国家的利率几乎同步进入零利率时代。 二是采取量化宽松政策(quantitative easing and increased money supply)。2009 年3月5日英国央行货币政策委员会正式宣布将实行量化宽松政策，扩大货币供应量， 向市场注入流动性。2009年3月18日美国联邦储备委员会决定大手笔购买1.15万亿美 元债券，也开始转向量化宽松政策。2009年5月7日欧洲央行决定将买入担保债券，并 延长面向商业银行的回购操作期限。日本、英国、美国和欧元区等发达国家和地区为了 应对金融危机，先后都开始采取非常规的货币政策手段——通过量化宽松政策向市场大 量注入流动性以恢复经济，体现了量化宽松政策的同步性。 现在全球经济有复苏迹象，各国也在考虑宏观经济政策的退出问题(macroeconomic exit strategy)。如美国联邦储备委员会9月23日表示，美国经济在经历严重衰退后正 在复苏，并决定放缓购买抵押贷款支持证券的步伐。美联储将从2010年初开始削减短期 资金拍卖规模，而欧洲央行、瑞士央行以及英国央行也宣布，将收紧向金融体系注入美 元流动性的步伐。宏观经济政策普遍有退出的迹象。10月6日，澳大利亚储备银行率先 宣布将基准利率提高了0.25%至3.25%，这是后危机时代首个加息的国家，其他国家是 否会跟进加息呢?宽松的政策是否要齐步退出呢?笔者认为宏观经济政策的退出将是一个渐进的过程、一个协调的过程。 首先政策退出是一个渐进的过程。金融危机来袭，各国面临同样的困境，对经济前 景的判断一致，各国都同时采取措施抵御危机的冲击，宏观经济政策高度一致。但是一 旦经济开始恢复，由于各国受到金融危机影响的程度不同，各国经济恢复程度也会有所 不同，同时各国对经济复苏的判断也会有所不同，因此宏观经济政策的退出时机和步伐 可能会不尽相同。如美国联邦储备委员会主席伯南克10月8日表示，在美国经济取得足 够改善时，美联储将收紧货币政策，以避免通货膨胀加剧，这意味着目前还不是政策退 出之时，宽松的货币政策仍然要保持。一旦宏观经济形势明显改善，信贷市场恢复正常， 投资和消费恢复，美联储才会将逐步退出宽松的货币政策。笔者认为退出过程也将是渐 进的。开始应是逐步退出量化宽松政策的数量型工具，恢复美联储的资产负债表，使其 回到正常水平。目前美联储的资产负债表扩张到2.18万亿美元，潜在的通货膨胀风险上 升，因此一旦信贷市场恢复，美联储就要削减量化宽松政策的力度，直至退出量化宽松 政策。若经济恢复增长，通货膨胀预期上升，物价水平开始上涨，美联储可能开始加息， 提高融资的成本，遏制需求的过度扩张和通货膨胀上升。因此政策退出将是一个渐进的 过程，将由数量型工具退出向价格型工具退出过渡，数量型工具和价格型工具退出的本 身也将是一个渐进的过程，退出的步伐将根据宏观经济形势的变化而变化。如果经济恢 复快，则政策退出的速度也会加快。 同时政策退出还是一个协调的过程。在全球金融危机爆发的时候，全球宏观经济政 策容易协调，各国同时采取宽松的宏观经济政策。但是在政策退出时，笔者认为为了全 球经济的平稳恢复和发展，也要加强各国宏观经济政策退出的协调。在经济全球化的时 代，金融一体化程度越来越高，各国之间的金融联系也越来越紧密，在开放经济的条件 下，一国宏观经济政策有着重要的溢出效应(spillover effect)。如澳洲央行升息后， 澳元开始走强，美元下跌，油价和黄金价格上涨，通货膨胀的风险上升。如果只是单个 国家采取退出政策，还会面临调整的压力，如货币升值和出口下降等。同时单个国家货 币政策的效果也较弱。目前澳元仍旧是主要货币当中利率最高的一个，也是主要货币当 中第一种开始加息的货币，澳元升值预期上升，吸引资本流入，可能会进一步推高资产 价格上涨和通货膨胀，将抵消货币政策加息的效果。在当今相互依赖的经济环境中，单 个国家的宏观经济政策会有溢出效果，国内的政策会对其他国家经济产生作用，同时政 策的效果也会减弱。溢出效应提供了国际政策协调的理论前提，在不同国家之间的政策 合作对世界经济能够起到帕累托最优的效果，也就是说一国的货币政策既有利于促进本 国经济的增长，又不会对别国经济产生不良效果。事实上，即使最优的结果难以取得， 政策的协调也比非合作对付国际经济的不稳定更有效果。随着国际金融市场自由化、全 球化的发展，国际经济的依赖性相互增强，需要进一步加强宏观经济政策退出的协调， 促进全球经济的平稳增长。

问答题Truth in advertising is a concept central to the American free market economic system. According to this theory, companies that advertise their products to mass audiences must strictly deliver on their promises, and the quality of their goods must live up to the hype put out by the sellers. In order to examine just how important truthful advertising is, let us consider for a moment a world in which there was no such constraint imposed upon sellers. It would be a world where advertisers were free to exaggerate or even lie as they pleased, doing anything to make their products look great, even when it's of interior quality. Firstly, the unreliability of the goods in question would no doubt shatter consumer confidence. Wary buyers would shop much less, thus decreasing the volume of trade and leading to a weakened overall economy. Further, the market would find itself stagnating, the lack of growth attributable to the fact that everyone is reluctant to buy products of which they are uncertain. Without growth, no progress is achieved.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Write a summary of the following passage in no less than 80 words. Your summary should contain the main ideas of the original passage and be clearly written down on the AN SWER SHEET.{{/I}} In addition to food and shelter, man has a third basic need. This is clothing. Modern man wears clothing for three purposes: for protection, for decoration, and for modesty. It is thought that prehistoric man wore clothing for a fourth reason, as a kind of magic. For example, he may have worn the skins of animals either to celebrate his victories over them, or perhaps to gain strength and wisdom from the animals he had killed. Until fairly recently it was possible to use only natural materials of various kinds for the making of clothing. Both plants and animals supply these natural materials. From plants we get cotton and linen. From animals we get such materials as wool, silk, leather and furs. Wool was one of the first fibers to be used for cloth, and for a long time it was the most common textile fiber in Europe. The fiber which we call wool comes mainly from sheep, but the hair of a few other animals is also used for cloth. Cotton has been used for over three thousand years, especially in warm countries. Cotton material was not known in Europe until much later. Material made from the cotton plant can be very soft, cool and comfortable. The finest cotton materials were very expensive at one time, and only the rich people could buy them. Two other fibers, linen and silk, have also been used extensively in the making of clothing. In addition to the natural materials from plants and animals, modern man now has cloth which is made synthetically. In the twentieth century, man has learned to create completely synthetic fibers. These are made from coal, glass, petroleum, milk and wood. Nylon, dacron and orlon are the names of a few of these synthetic fibers. Recent synthetic products include disposable paper clothing and artificial leather. In many ways synthetic fibers are much better than natural fibers. It is possible to create specific fibers to be used for specific purposes. Of all the fibers now used by man, a very large percentage is man-made.

问答题Last Sunday, China's central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan said if necessary, the nation will consider widening the yuan's trading band. But any change in the yuan's floating band will depend on the global economic situation and it's not the only tool the country would use to make its currency moreflexible, Zhou said at the Group of 20 meeting in Cape Town, South Africa. China widened the yuan's daily trading band against the U.S. dollar from plus or minus 0.3 percent to 0.5 percent in May. However, market observers said some commercial banks are ordered by the central bank to hand in reserve requirements in foreign currencies next week, which will translate into demand for the U.S. dollar. This Will somehow help slow down RMB's appreciation against the greenback in the coming few days.

问答题A huge proportion of the Iranian budget is spent on subsidizing a wide range of goods for Iranian consumers from food to refined petroleum. President Ahmadinejad has been pro posing a big cut in that subsidy. His argument is that it should be replaced with cash handouts to the most needy. But the Iranian parliament is worried that Mr Ahmadinejad"s proposal could increase inflation to an annual figure of up to 50%. So members of parliament have halved the proposed cuts. There"s concern that a dramatic rise in prices could provoke a new round of unrest and perhaps lead the poorer classes to give more active support to the opposition. There"re also suspicions that the real motive for the subsidy cut is to make up for a budget shortfall. Clear figures are hard to get hold of, but it seems that Mr Ahmadinejad"s government failed to build up any substantial cash reserves when oil prices were at record levels. For years Iranians have been suffering multiple economic problems including inflation at or above 2%. Blame is placed either on Mr Ahmadinejad"s eccentric management of Iran"s finances or on international sanctions or a combination of both. With new sanctions actively under discussion, the situation is not about to get any easier.

问答题There are two basic ways to see growth; one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.

问答题哥本哈根协议 各国领导人、政府首脑、官员以及其他出席本次在哥本哈根举行的联合国2009年气候 变化会议的代表： 为最终达成本协议第二款所述的会议目标，在会议原则和愿景的指引下，考虑到两个特 别工作组的工作成果，我们同意特别工作组关于长期合作行动的x/CP.15号决议，以及继续按照特别工作组x/CMP.5号决议要求，履行附录I根据《京都议定书》列出的各方义务。 我们同意此哥本哈根协议，并立即开始执行。 1．我们强调，气候变化是我们当今面临的最重大的挑战之一。我们强调对抗气候变化的强烈政治意愿，以及“共同但区别的责任”原则。为最终达成最终的会议目标，稳定温室气 体在大气中的浓度以及防止全球气候继续恶化，我们必须在认识到每年全球气候升幅不应超 过2摄氏度的科学观点后，在公正和可持续发展的基础上，加强长期合作以对抗气候变化。我们认识到气候变化的重大影响，以及对一些受害尤其严重的国家的应对措施的潜在影响，并强调建立一个全面的应对计划并争取国际支持的重要性。 2．我们同意，从科学角度出发，必须大幅度减少全球碳排放，并应当依照IPCC第四次评估报告所述愿景，将每年全球气温升幅控制在2摄氏度以下，并在公平的基础上行动起来以达成上述基于科学研究的目标。我们应该合作起来以尽快实现全球和各国碳排放峰值，我们认识到发展中国家碳排放达到峰值的时间框架可能较长，并且认为社会和经济发展以及 消除贫困对于发展中国家来说仍然是首要的以及更为重要的目标，不过低碳排放的发展战略 对可持续发展而言是必不可少的。 3．所有国家均面临气候变化的负面影响，为此应当支持并实行旨在降低发展中国家受害程度并加强其应对能力的行动，尤其是对于最不发达国家和位于小岛屿的发展中国家以及 非洲国家。我们认为发达国家应当提供充足的、可预测的和持续的资金资源、技术以及经验，以支持发展中国家实行对抗气候变化举措。 4．附录Ⅰ各缔约方将在2010年1月31日之前向秘书处提交经济层面量化的2020年排 放目标，并承诺单独或者联合执行这些目标。这些目标的格式如附录Ⅰ所示。附录Ⅰ国家中，属于《京都议定书》缔约方的都将进一步加强该议定书提出的碳减排。碳减排和发达国家的 资金援助的衡量、报告和核实工作，都将根据现存的或者缔约方大会所采纳的任何进一步的方针进行，并将确保这些目标和融资的计算是严格、健全、透明的。 5．附录Ⅰ非缔约方将根据第四条第一款和第四条第七款、在可持续发展的情况下实行延缓气候变化举措，包括在2010年1月31日之前按照附录Ⅱ所列格式向秘书处递交的举措。最不发达国家及小岛屿发展中国家可以在得到扶持的情况下，自愿采取行动。 附录Ⅰ非缔约方采取的和计划采取的减排措施应根据第十二条第一款(b)，以缔约方大会采纳的方针为前提，每两年通过国家间沟通来交流。这些通过国家间沟通或者向秘书处报告的减排措施将被添加进附录Ⅱ的列表中。 附录Ⅰ非缔约方采取的减排措施将需要对每两年通过国家间沟通进行报告结果在国内进行衡量、报告和审核。附录Ⅰ非缔约方将根据那些将确保国家主权得到尊重的、明确界定 的方针，通过国家间沟通，交流各国减排措施实施的相关信息，为国际会议和分析做好准备。寻求国际支持的合适的国家减排措施将与相关的技术和能力扶持一起登记在案。那些获得扶 持的措施将被添加进附录Ⅱ的列表中。 这些得到扶持的合适的国家减排措施将有待根据缔约方大会采纳的方针进行国际衡量、报告和审核。 6．我们认识到，减少由滥伐森林和森林退化引起的碳排放是至关重要的，我们需要提高森林对温室气体的清除量，我们认为有必要通过立即建上包括REDD+在内的机制，为这 类举措提供正面激励，促进发达国家提供的援助资金的流动。 7．我们决定采取各种方法，包括使用碳交易市场的机会，来提高减排措施的成本效益，促进减排措施的实行；应该给发展中国家提供激励，以促使发展中国家实行低排放发展战略。 8．在符合大会相关规定的前提下，应向发展中国家提供更多的、新的、额外的以及可预测的而且充足的资金，并且要令发展中国家更容易获取资金，以支持发展中国家采取延缓 气候变化的举措，包括提供大量资金以减少滥砍滥伐和森林退化产生的碳排放(REDD+)、支持技术开发和转让、提高减排能力等，从而提高该协定的执行力。 发达国家作出的广泛承诺将向发展中国家提供新的额外资金，包括通过国际机构进行的林业保护和投资、在2010年至2012年期间提供300亿美元。对于那些最容易受到冲击的发 展中国家如最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家以及非洲国家而言，为该协定的采用提供融资 支持将是最优先的任务。 在实际延缓气候变化举措和实行减排措施透明的背景下，发达国家承诺在2020年以前每年筹集1000亿美元资金用于解决发展中国家的减排需求。这些资金将有多种来源，包括政府 资金和私人资金、双边和多边筹资，以及另类资金来源。多边资金的发放将通过实际和高效 的资金安排，以及为发达国家和发展中国家提供平等代表权的治理架构来实现。此类资金中的很大一部分将通过哥本哈根绿色气候基金(Copenhagen Green Climate Fund)来发放。 9．最后，为达成这一目标，一个高水准的工作小组将在缔约方会议的指导下建立并对会议负责，以研究潜在资金资源的贡献度，包括另类资金来源。 10．我们决定，应该建立哥本哈根气候基金，并将该基金作为缔约方协议的金融机制的运作实体，以支持发展中国家包括REDD+、适应性行动、产能建设以及技术研发和转让等 用于延缓气候变化的方案、项目、政策及其他活动。 11．为了促进技术开发与转让，我们决定建立技术机制(Technology Mechanism)，以 加快技术研发和转让，支持适应和延缓气候变化的行动。这些行动将由各国主动实行，并基于各国国情确定优先顺序。 12．我们呼吁，在2015年结束以前完成对该协议及其执行情况的评估，包括该协议的最终目标。这一评估还应包括加强长期目标，比如将每年全球平均气温升幅控制在1.5摄氏度以内等。

问答题Outline:1. The importance of health2. Sports and health3. Your conclusion

问答题Part B Directions: In this section you are asked to write a composition of no less than 150 words about "Who and How to Take Care of the Seniors?" You should write according to the requirements given below. (敬老院：Home for the Seniors；独生子女政策：one-child policy；独生子女：only child) Requirements: (1)Describe the situation (2)Analyze the possible reasons (3)Give your suggestion

问答题Research by Deborah Tannen provides us with some important insights into the differences between men and women in terms of their conversational styles. In particular, she has been able to explain why gender often creates oral communication barriers. The essence of Tannen’s research is that men use talk to emphasize status whereas women use it to create connection Tannen states that communication is a continual balancing act, juggling the conflicting needs for intimacy and independence. Intimacy emphasizes closeness and commonalities. Independence emphasizes separateness and differences. So, for many men, conversations are primarily a means to preserve independence and maintain status in a hierarchical social order. For many women, conversations are negotiations for closeness in which people try to seek and give confirmation and support.

问答题中国有世界上最多的烟民。针对这个现象，有人建议政府应该出台文件，实行全民 禁烟。也有不少人觉得吸烟是公民的自由，国家不应该禁止。请讨论。