填空题For most kinds of activities, a large group of people can accomplish more and have more fun than one person alone. For example, politicians, businessmen, workers, and 【B1】 criminals know that they must join organizations in order to be 【B2】 . Since there is usually strength in numbers, labor unions have a more 【B3】 influence on wages and company policy than individual workers 【B4】 . A person may also belong to social clubs and athletic teams 【B5】 he or she can meet other people who are interested in the same activities. 【B6】 you have a hobby, such as playing chess, collecting coins or stamps, or playing a musical instrument, you should join a club which has 【B7】 meetings to talk about your activity; the other 【B8】 will help you learn more about it. Of course, a group must be well 【B9】 . or it might be a failure. All the members should work together on projects and choose good leaders to 【B10】 their activities. In this way, the organization will benefit everyone in it.

填空题In 1492 Christopher Columbus made his first (voyager) to the New World, (probably) landing (on the) island (which) he named San Salvador. A. voyager B. probably C. on the D. which

填空题Insulin(胰岛素), (it is) used (to treat) diabetes(糖尿病) and (is) secured (chiefly from) the pancreas(胰腺) of cattle and hogs.A. it isB. to treatC. isD. chiefly from

填空题(A) heat exchanger is a device (in) which (heat taken) from a hot liquid or gas in order to warm a (cold place). A. A B. in C. heat taken D. cold place

填空题To (people) from the northern parts of the country, (tropical) butterflies (may) seem (incredible) big.A. peopleB. tropicalC. mayD. incredible

填空题The small, local labor organizations of the first half of the (nineteenth) century were (influentially) in (calling) attention to the (extremely) long working day.A. nineteenthB. influentiallyC. callingD. extremely

填空题[A] The glass recycling in UK.[B] The great prospect in household recycling.[C] The paper recycling in UK.[D] The metal recycling in UK.[E] What is recycling?[F] The plastics recycling in UK.[G] Unsatisfactory situation in household wastes recycling. Waste Recycling 41．______ The definition of recycling is to pass a substance through a system that enables that substance to be reused. Waste recycling involves the collection of waste materials and the separation and clean-up of those materials. Recycling waste means that fewer new products and consumables need to be produced, saving raw materials and reducing energy consumption. 42．______ In the UK, the household sectors have relatively low recycling rates. This is in comparison to some other wastes, such as construction and demolition waste and sewage sludge. The government is hoping to increase the amount of household waste that we recycle to 33% by 2015. Some of the materials that we can recycle include paper, plastics, metals (such as aluminum cans) and tyres. 43．______ The paper industry generates vast quantities of waste in the form of paper off-cuttings and damaged paper rolls. This paper can be put back into the pulping process and recycled. Paper recycling in the UK becomes popular during the 1990s. Nearly a million tons of paper from household waste is now recycled each year. Although paper makes up over one third of all household waste recycled. this is still no more than about 10% of the total paper consumed. In contrast, over 50% of waste paper produced by the newspaper industry is currently being recycled. To encourage the public to recycle waste paper, many council have arranged house to house collection schemes. Separate bins and containers are provided specifically for paper. They are collected at regular intervals and taken to be recycled. Other recycling depots for paper can be found at municipal centers and supermarkets. 44．______ Approximately 6% to 8% of UK household waste comprises of glass jars and bottles. However, the largest producers of waste glass bottles are hotels and pubs, as the vast majority of drinks are bottled. A large proportion of glass is collected in bottle banks and taken to be recycled. There are over 20,000 bottle banks in the UK, and they are mainly found in car parks and at supermarkets. There are usually three bottle banks, one for each color of glass: clear, green and brown. The UK currently recycles about one third of its glass. This is far behind glass recycling rates as high as 80%. 45．______ Plastics make up a large amount of waste, since they are available in numerous forms. There are two main types of plastic thermoplastics, which are the most common and thermo sets. Thermoplastics melt when heated and can therefore be remoulded. This enables thermoplastics to be recycled relatively easily. In Western Europe the largest amounts of plastic occur in the form of packaging. Plastic waste tends to be sorted by hand, either at a materials recycling facility or the householder can separate it. This may then be taken to a plastic recycling point or collected by the council. The UK produces approximately about 4.5 million tons of plastic waste each year. Most of this waste arises from packaging. The UK has a plastics recycling rate of only 3%. In Germany the recycling rate for plastic is 70%.

填空题Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 【B1】 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 【B2】 and active. When the work is well done, a 【B3】 of accident-free operations is established 【B4】 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may 【B5】 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 【B6】 rules or regulations. 【B7】 others depend oh an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program; From a financial stand-point alone, safety 【B8】 . The fewer the injury 【B9】 , the better the workman''s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 【B10】 or at a loss.

填空题Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for their fellows. Medical authorities express their 【B1】 about the effect of smoking on the health not only 【B2】 those who smoke but also of those who do not. In fact, nonsmokers who must involuntarily inhale the air polluted by the tobacco smoke may 【B3】 more than the smokers themselves. As you are doubtless aware, a considerable number of our students have 【B4】 an effort to 【B5】 the university to ban smoking in the classrooms. I believe they are entirely right in their aim. 【B6】 .I would hope that it is possible to achieve this by 【B7】 on the smokers to use good judgment and show concern for others rather than 【B8】 regulation. Smoking is prohibited by city laws in theaters and in halls used for showing films as well as in laboratories 【B9】 there may be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is up to your good sense. I am therefore asking you to maintain "No Smoking" in the auditoriums and classrooms. This will prove that you have to keep nonsmokers'' health and well-being 【B10】 . which is very important to a large number of our students.

填空题Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle-Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes American uncomfortable. Our linguistic (语音上的) and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions (让步) to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual (多语言的) guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives--usually the richer--who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the 21st century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.A. when they visit another countryB. the result of Harris opinion pollC. poisonous stuffD. multilingual context is neededE. are hard for both the foreigners and localsF. is meant to bring a person to one's sideG. are willing to play a great role

填空题(To many early Americans), chicken on the table represented fancy (civilized) food and suggested (that) a farmer and his wife (has found) prosperity. A. To many early Americans B. civilized C. that D. has found

填空题Text 4 [A] Healing power from the young. [B] A harmful practice out of human weakness. [C] Who should take the burden of looking after our old people? [D] A cure to loneliness found in kids. [E] Comfort typical of a multigenerational family. [F] Benefit of extended age groups. Until late in 20th century, most Americans spent time with people of all generations. Now baby boomers may not have much contact with old people until they're relatively old themselves.

填空题The maple smoke of autumn bonfires is incense to Canadians. Bestowing perfume for the nose, color for the eye, sweetness for the spring tongue, the sugar maple prompts this sharing of a favorite myth and original etymology of the word maple. (2) The maple looms large in Ojibwa folk tales. The time of year for sugaring-off is "in the Maple Moon." Among Ojibwa, the primordial female figure is Nokomis, a wise grandmother. (3) 41. __________. (4) Knowing this was a pursuit to the death, Nokomis outsmarted the cold devils. She hid in a stand of maple trees, all red and orange and deep yellow. This maple grove grew beside a waterfall whose mist blurred the trees' outline. As they peered through the mist, slavering wendigos thought they saw a raging fire in which their prey was burning. (5)42. __________. (6) For their service in saving the earth mother's life, these maples were given a special gift: their water of life would be forever sweet, and Canadians would tap it for nourishment. (7)43. __________. (8) The contention that maple syrup is unique to North America is suspect, I believe. China has close to 10 species of maple, more than any country in the world. Canada has 10 native species. North America does happen to be home to the sugar maple, the species that produces the sweetest sap and the most abundant flow. (9) But are we to believe that in thousands of years of Chinese history, these inventive people never tapped a maple to taste its sap? I speculate that they did. (10)44. __________. (11) What is certain is the maple's holdfast on our national imagination. Is leaf was adopted as an emblem in New France as early as 1700, and in English Canada by the mid-19th century. In the fall of 1867, a Toronto schoolteacher named Alexander Muir was traipsing at street a the city, all squelchy underfoot from the soft felt of falling leaves, when a maple leaf alighted to his coat sleeve and stuck there. (12) The word "maple" is from "mapeltreow", the Old English term for maple tree, with "mapl"--as its Proto-Germanic root, a compound in which the first "m" --is, I believe, the nearly worldwide "ma", one of the first human sounds, the pursing of a baby's lips as it prepares to suck milk from mother's breast. The "ma" root gives rise in many world languages to thousands of words like "mama", "mammary", "maia", and "Amazon." Here it would make "map!-" mean "nourishing mother tree," that is, tree whose maple sap in nourishing. (13)45. __________. [A] The second part of the compound, "apl-", is a variant of Indo-European able "fruit of any tree" and the origin of another English fruit word, apple. So the primitive analogy compares the liquid sap with another nourishing liquid, mother's milk. [B] In one tale about seasonal change, cannibal wendigos-creatures of evil-chased through the autumn countryside old Nokomis, who was a symbol for female fertility. Wendigos throve in icy cold. When they entered the bodies of humans, the human heart froze solid. [C] Here wendigos represent oncoming winter. They were hunting to kill and eat poor Nokomis, the warm embodiment of female fecundity who, like the summer, has grown old. [D] Could Proto-Americas who crossed the Bering land bridge to populate the Americas have brought with them a knowledge of maple syrup? Is there a very old Chinese phrase for maple syrup? Is maple syrup mentioned in Chinese literature? For a non-reader of Chinese, such questions are daunting but not impossible to answer. [E] Maple and its syrup flow sweetly into Canadian humor. Quebeckers have developed a special love for such a nutriment. [F] After it resisted several brushings-off, Muir 'joked to his walking companion that this would be "the maple leaf for ever!" At home that evening, he wrote a poem and set it to music, in celebration of Canada's Confederation. Muir's song, "The Maple Leaf Forever," was wildly popular and helped fasten the symbol firmly to Canada. [G] But it was only old Nokomis' being hidden by the bright red leaves of her friends, the maples. And so, drooling ice and huffing frost, the wendigos left her and sought easier prey.

填空题Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, 【B1】 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 【B2】 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 【B3】 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 【B4】 . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen , oxygen , and 【B5】 nitrogen. They are different 【B6】 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 【B7】 one or more specific functions in the body. 【B8】 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 【B9】 vitamins. Many people, 【B10】 . believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body'' s vitamin needs.

填空题If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 【B1】 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 【B2】 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 【B3】 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 【B4】 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 【B5】 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 【B6】 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 【B7】 . He must either sell some of his property or 【B8】 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 【B9】 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 【B10】 obtainable.

填空题Text 5 [A] Defining genius. [B] Bias attacked. [C] Truly great mind is born, not made. [D] The line between the exceptional and the ordinary blurs. [E] Brain steers, labor facilitates. [F] Great lesson from a great character. The greatest results in life are usually attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, afford ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for self-improvement. The road of human welfare lies along the old highway of steadfast well-doing; and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful.

填空题In November of 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt was on a hunting trip in Mississippi. His hunt was going 【31】 that day, and he couldn''t seem to find anything worthy of 【32】 his rifle. Then, his staff captured a black baby bear for the President to shoot, but he could not. The thought of shooting a bear that was tied to a tree did not seem sporting, so he 【33】 the life of the baby bear and set it free. Based on this story, a famous political cartoonist for the Washington Star drew a cartoon, which showed Teddy Roosevelt, rifle 【34】 . with his back turned on a cute (可爱的) baby bear. Morris Michtom, owner of a Brooklyn toy store, was 【35】 by the cartoon to make a stuffed baby bear. Intending it only as a display, he placed the stuffed bear in his toy store 【36】 , and next to it placed a copy of the cartoon from the newspaper. To Michtom''s surprise, his store was flooded by customers 【37】 to buy. He asked for and received President Roosevelt''s 【38】 to use his name for the band-sewn bears that he and his wife made, and the "Teddy Bear" was born! Michtom was soon manufacturing Teddy bears 【39】 the thousands. The money from the sale enabled him, in 1903, to 【40】 the Ideal Toy Company.

填空题A. Follow on Lines B. Whisper: Keep It to Yourself C. Word of Experience: Stick to It D. Code of Success: Freed and Targeted E. Efficient Work to Promote Efficient Workers F. Recipe: Simplicity Means Everything G. Efficiency Comes from Orders Every decade has its defining self-help business book. In the 1940s it was How to Win Friends and Influence People , in the 1990s The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People . These days we"re worried about something much simpler: Getting Things Done. 1 That"s the title of productivity guru David Allen"s pithy 2001 treatise on working efficiently, which continues to resonate in this decade"s overworked, overwhelmed, overteched workplace. Allen hasn"t just sold 500,000 copies of his book. He has preached his message of focus, discipline and creativity everywhere from Sony and Novartis to the World Bank and the U. S. Air Force. He counsels swamped chief executives on coping with information overload. He ministers to some clients with an intensive, two-day, $ 6,000 private session in which he and his team organize their lives from top to bottom. And he has won the devotions of acolytes who document on their blogs how his Getting Things Done (GTO) program has changed their lives. 2 Allen admits that much of his basic recipe is common sense. Free your mind, and productivity will follow. Break down projects and goals into discrete, definable actions, and you won"t be bothered by all those loose threads pulling at your attention. First make decisions about what needs to get done, and then fashion a plan for doing it. If you"ve catalogued everything you have to do and all your long-term goals, Allen says, you"re less likely to wake up at 3 a. m. worrying about whether you"ve forgotten something. "Most people haven"t realized how out of control their head is when they get 300 e-mails a day and each of them has potential meaning." 3 When e-mails, phones calls and to-do lists are truly under control, Allen says, the real change begins. You will finally be able to use your mind to dream up great ideas and enjoy your life rather than just occupy it with all the things you"ve got to do. Allen himself, despite running a $ 5.5 million consulting practice, traveling 200 days a year and juggling a business that"s growing 40% every years, finds time to joyride in his Mini Cooper and sculpt bonsai plants. Oh, and he had earned his black belt in karate. 4 Few companies have embraced Allen"s philosophy as thoroughly as General Mills, the Minnesota-based maker of Cheerios and Lucky Charms. Allen began at the company with a couple of private coaching sessions for top executives, who raved about his guidance. Allen and his staff now hold six to eight two-day training sessions a year. The company has already put more than 2,000 employees through GTD training and plans to expand it company wide. "Fads come and go," says Kevin Wilde, General Mills" CEO, "but this continues to work." 5 The most fevered followers of Allen"s organizational methodology gather online. Websites like gtdindex, marvelz, corn parse Allen"s every utterance. The 43 Folders blog ran an eight-part pod-cast interview with him. GTD enthusiasts like Frank Meeuwsen, on whatsthenextaction, com gather best practice techniques for implementing the book"s ideas. More than 60 software tools have been built specifically to supplement Allen"s system.

填空题从七个选项中挑选合适的内容，完成每个带数字的句子。 Text 1 We have to realize how old, how very old, we are. Nations are classified as "aged" when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above, and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this. Of the really ancient societies, with over 13 per cent above 65, all are in Northwestern Europe. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be--at least, for any future that concerns us now. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognized. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio--the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can--is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world, because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged. There is the appreciation of the historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change. If "revolution" is a rapid resettlement of the social structure, and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50. Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. These facts and circumstances had a leading position at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy, held at Vichy in France. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birth rate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere, and this will continue. But too much of that lengthened experience, even in the wealthy West, will be experience of poverty and neglect, unless we do something about it. If you are in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman. [A] experienced in poor conditions. [B] more likely to live longer. [C] discuss aging as a challenge both science and policy confronts. [D] these things have far-reaching implications. [E] the degree to which those non-earners rely on those earners. [F] the older its population tends to be. [G] the early drop in birth rate.

填空题 We are living in one of those periods in human history which are marked by revolutionary changes in all of man's ideas and values. It is a time when every one of us must look within himself to find what ideas, what beliefs, and what ideals each of us will live by. And unless we find these ideals, and unless we stand by them firmly, we have no power to overcome the crisis in which we in our world find ourselves. I believe in people, in sheer, unadulterated humanity. I believe in listening to what people have to say, in helping them to achieve the things which they want and the things which they need. Naturally, there are people who behave like beasts, who kill, who cheat, who lie and who destroy. But without a belief in man and a faith in his possibilities for the future, there can be no hope for the future, but only bitterness that the past has gone. I believe we must, each of us, make a philosophy by which we can live. There are people who make a philosophy out of believing in nothing. They say there is no truth, that goodness is simply cleverness in disguising your own selfishness. They say that life is simply the short gap in between an unpleasant birth and an inevitable death. There are others who say that man is born into evil and sinfulness and that life is a process of purification through suffering and that death is the reward for having suffered. I believe these philosophies are false. The most important thing in life is the way it is lived, and there is no such thing as an abstract happiness, an abstract goodness or morality, or an abstract anything, except in terms of the person who believes and who acts. There is only the single human being who lives and who, through every moment of his own personal living experience, is being happy or unhappy, noble or base, wise or unwise, or simply existing. The question is: How can these individual moments of human experience be filled with the richness of a philosophy which can sustain the individual in his own life? Unless we give part of ourselves away, unless we can live with other people and understand them and help them, we are missing the most essential part of our own human lives. There are as many roads to the attainment of wisdom and goodness as there are people who undertake to walk them. There are as many solid truths on which we can stand as there are people who can search them out and who will stand on them. There are as many ideas and ideals as there are men of good will who will hold them in their minds and act them in their lives. A. listening to people's opinions B. revolutionary changes C. being happy or unhappy D. the way it is lived E. we give part of ourselves away F. many roads to the attainment of wisdom G. as a short gap between birth and death