多选题与气胸的体征不符合的是

多选题通过体表心电图能够作出诊断的心脏传导阻滞是

多选题上消化道内镜检查的并发症包括

填空题Will humans always be superior to machines? This statement actually consists of a series of three related claims: (1) machines are tools of human minds; (2) human minds will always be superior to machines; and (3) it is because machines are human 'tools that human minds will always be superior to machines. While I concede the first claim, whether I agree with the other two claims depends partly on how one defines "superiority," and partly on how willing one is to humble oneself to the unknown future scenarios. (41) After all, would any machine even exist unless a human being invented it? Of course not. Moreover, I would be hard-pressed to think of any machine that cannot be described as a tool. Even machines designed to entertain or amuse us—for example, toy robots, cars and video games, and novelty items—are in fact tools, which their inventors and promoters use for engaging in commerce and the business of entertainment and amusement. (42) And, the claim that a machine can be an end in itself, without purpose or utilitarian function for humans whatsoever, is dubious at best, since I cannot conjure up even a single example of any such machine. (43) As for the statement's second claim, in certain respects machines are superior. We have devised machines that perform number-crunching and other rote cerebral tasks with greater accuracy and speed than human minds ever could. However, if one defines superiority not in terms of competence in performing rote tasks but rather in other ways, human minds are superior. Machines have no capacity for independent thought, for making judgments based on normative considerations, or for developing emotional responses to intellectual problems. (44)Up until now, the notion of human-made machines that develop the ability to think on their own, and to develop so-called "emotional intelligence," has been pure fiction. Besides, even in fiction we humans ultimately prevail over such machines—as in the cases of Frankenstein's monster and Hat, the computer in 2001: A Space Odyssey. Yet it seems presumptuous to assert with confidence that humans will always maintain their superior status over their machines. In other words, machines will soon exhibit the traits to which we humans attribute our own superiority. (45) And insofar as humans have the unique capacity for independent thought, subjective judgment, and emotional response, it also seems fair to claim superiority over our machines. Besides, should we ever become so clever a species as to devise machines that can truly think for themselves and look out for their own well-being, then query whether these machines of the future would be "machines" anymore.[A] Recent advances in biotechnology, particularly in the area of human genome research, suggest that within the twenty-first century we'll witness machines that can learn to think on their own, to repair and nurture themselves, to experience Visceral sensations, and so forth.[B] The statement is clearly accurate insofar as machines are tools of human minds.[C] In sum, because we devise machines in order that they may serve us, it is fair to characterize machines as "tools of human minds."[D] It's hardly surprising that human-made machine can do the most works that belong to human before.[E] In fact, it is because we can devise machines that are superior in these respects that we devise them--as our tools—to begin with.[F] When we develop any sort of machine we always have some sort of end in mind—a purpose for that machine.

单选题女，33岁。左乳肿块2个月。手术中切除活检，见肿瘤剖面较多乳腺导管的断端有黄白色膏样物质溢出。显微镜下：癌细胞分布于乳腺导管内，未突破基底膜并有坏死物质积聚于乳腺导管内。病理诊断应是

单选题甲状腺手术后，术者手套有破口，接连施行手术时，术者双手应如何消毒( )(2000年)

单选题患者从高处跌下后肋骨骨折，胸壁虽无伤口，但有胸壁广泛皮下气肿、呼吸困难、发绀、颈静脉充盈表现。检查：右侧呼吸音消失，叩诊呈鼓音，气管向左侧移位，血压80／50mmHg，脉细速，皮肤湿冷。此患者应诊断为

单选题女，40岁，反复右上腹绞痛20年，发作时伴有寒战、高热及皮肤巩膜黄染。2天前再次发作。入院时嗜睡状态，T39．6℃，脉搏128次/分，血压70/45mmHg，皮肤巩膜明显黄染，右上腹有压痛、反跳痛和肌紧张，肝区有叩痛，肝浊音界存在，WBC20×10 9 /L，N0．92。

单选题下述膝关节检查方法中，哪项是不恰当的

单选题骨折反复整复造成的严重并发症是

单选题男性，26岁，双下肢明显水肿10天。24小时尿蛋白定量为4．0g，红细胞10～20个／HP，血浆白蛋白27g／L，血肌酐60μmol／L，其肾脏病理可能为

单选题关于肝破裂的描述，下列哪项是错误的( )(1992年)

单选题男性，38岁，胃大部切除、毕Ⅱ式吻合术后20天，进食后30分钟上腹突然胀痛，喷射性呕吐大量不含食物的胆汁，吐后腹痛消失，最可能的原因是

单选题关于门脉高压症，哪项叙述是错误的

单选题关于自身输血，下列哪种说法是错误的

单选题男性，22岁，车祸致骨盆骨折，不会发生的并发损伤是

单选题关于腹部闭合性损伤的叙述，不正确的是

单选题女，40岁，多尿2年，腰痛、肉眼血尿1天。因头痛长期服用止痛剂10余年。血压135／85mmHgESR10mm／h，尿常规：Pro(+)，WBC(+)，少量颗粒管型，X光片可见肾乳头坏死征象。血糖、肝肾功能、电解质、血常规结果均在正常范围内。最可能的诊断是

单选题腰间盘突出症与椎管内肿瘤最有鉴别意义的辅助检查方法是

单选题腹部损伤后，作x线检查，发现腹膜后积气，应诊断为