单选题女，45岁，左手中指伸屈不灵伴弹响、疼痛2个月。在中指掌指关节掌侧可触及黄豆大小痛性结节，随肌腱屈伸活动而动。最可能的诊断是

单选题腹部损伤后，作X线检查，发现腹膜后积气，应诊断为

单选题急性心肌梗死病人多长时间内不施行择期手术

单选题A．窄谱抗生素 B．广谱抗生素 C．抑菌性抗生素 D．杀菌性抗生素

单选题骨折临床愈合的标准，下列哪项不正确

单选题预防急性胰腺炎发生中，主要措施是（ ）

单选题男性，42岁，餐后上腹隐痛4年，此次饱餐后突发上腹刀割样剧痛2小时，疼痛很愉扩散到全腹。体检：脸色苍白，出冷汗，体温36．5℃，脉搏96次／分，血压110／80mmHg，全腹压痛，反跳痛、肌紧张，以中上腹最明显，肠鸣音消失，白细胞12 000／mm 3 ，中性80％为协助诊断，首先应作哪项检查：( )(1988年)

单选题下列不导致尿毒症的疾病是

单选题用肥皂刷手消毒法中，下列哪项是恰当的

单选题下列关于休克微循环收缩期生理变化的描述，不正确的是

单选题0．9％NaCl溶液和10％葡萄糖溶液对人细胞内液来说( )(1993年)

单选题某男患者，车祸致骨盆骨折，排尿困难，且每当排尿时有尿液自肛门流出，病程2周，应诊断为

单选题A．淋病奈瑟菌B．衣原体C．单纯疱疹病毒D．人乳为瘤病毒E．人免疫缺陷病毒

单选题Historically, the European Union has not bothered with funding much basic scientific research. Such activities have mainly remained the preserve of national governments, not least because giving scientists free rein can lead to discoveries that not only make money but ultimately enhance military might. That attitude is now changing. The European Commission proposes to establish a European Research Council (ERC) that would spend a maximum of 12 billion ( $14 billion) over seven years on" blue skies" research. While the plans are being generally welcomed by Europe's member states, their details are problematic. The proposed ERC is intended to make Europe more competitive. Europe has some first-class universities, scientific institutions and research organisations. But, the ERC's proponents argue, their activities are fragmented, so they are not reaching their full potential. In America, teams from across the country compete with each other for grants from the National Science Foundation. The proposed ERC is modelled on this scheme. It would award grants to individual research teams for a specific project, solely on the basis of scientific merit judged by peer review. If the ERC were created, scientists from across Europe would compete with each other for funds, rather than merely competing with their fellow countrymen, as happens at present. This compares with the limited funding for basic research that currently exists in the EU, which places its emphasis on collaboration between researchers. It is open only to researchers in a narrow range of disciplines chosen by the European Parliament and the commission. The ERC would be quite different, placing its emphasis on competition between researchers and leaving scientists themselves to decide which areas of science to pursue. Helga Nowotny, who chairs the European Research Advisory Board--an advisory body to the commission--says that winning a grant from the ERC could come to be seen as unmistakable recognition of research excellence. The quality of European research needs to be stepped up a notch. Between 1980 and 2003, Europe had 68 Nobel laureates in medicine, physics and chemistry compared with 154 in America. With competition from China and India, Europe's share could fall further. One of the reasons for Europe's relatively weak performance is thought to be a lack of genuine competition between Europe's researchers. Another is its poor ability to attract young people into a research career. Recent estimates suggest that Europe needs an extra 700,000 researchers if it is to meet its overall target of raising spending (private, national and EU) on research and development to 3% of GDP by 2010. Many young scientists leave Europe for America once they have finished their training. Dr Nowotny says the ERC could help here too. It could establish a scheme to give young researchers the opportunity to follow their own ideas and become independent at an earlier stage in their careers, encouraging talent to stay in Europe. The crucial issue now is whether the ERC will be able to set its own research agenda, free from the interference and bureaucracy of the commission and influence of member states. Last month,22 leading European scientists charged with shaping the ERC's scientific strategy met for the first time to start hammering out a charter and constitution. Serious concerns remain over the legal structure of the body. The final decision on the ERC's legal form, on a date yet unspecified, rests with the European Parliament and member states in the European Council. If both are genuine in their support for the ERC and Europe's aim of becoming more competitive, then they must find a way of keeping the ERC free from political interference. Europe would benefit from a competition for its best researchers which rewards scientific excellence. A quasi-competition that recognizes how many votes each member state is allotted would be pointless.

单选题致密沉积物病属于下列哪种肾小球肾炎

单选题预防甲状腺肿的碘化食盐，常用剂量为每10～20kg食盐中均匀地加入碘化钾或碘化钠A．1.0gB．2.0gC．3.0gD．4.0gE．5.0g

单选题宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)是指

单选题肾损伤出现的主要临床症状，不包括

单选题关于肺癌的叙述，不正确的是

单选题A．血尿B．尿频、尿急、尿痛C．蛋白尿D．高热