填空题[A] Extensive applications of haptic technology. [B] Possibilities rendered by haptic mechanisms. [C] The feasibility of extending our senses and exploring abstract universes. [D] An example of the progress in science of haptics. [E] Bringing the potential of our senses into full play. [F] Will haptics step into a bright future? "OOOF!" Using your mouse, you heave a data file across the screen--a couple of gigabytes of data weigh a lot. Its rough surface tells you that it is a graphics file. Having tipped this huge pile of data into a hopper that sends it to the right program, you examine a screen image of the forest trail you'll be hiking on your vacation. Then, using a gloved hand, you master its details by running your fingers over its forks and bends, its sharp rises and falls. Later you send an E-mail to your beloved, bending to the deskpad to attach a kiss. 41. __________. The science of haptics (from the Greek haptesthai, "to touch") is making these fantasies real. A few primitive devices are extending human-machine communication beyond vision and sound. Haptic joysticks and steering wheels for computer games are already giving happy players some of the sensations of piloting a spaceship, driving a racing car or firing weapons. In time, haptic interfaces may allow us to manipulate single molecules, feel clouds and galaxies, even reach into higher dimensions to grasp the subtle structures of mathematics. 42. __________. Most of our senses tire passive. In hearing and vision, for example, the sound or light is simply received and analyzed. But touch is different: we actively explore and alter reality with our hands, so the same action that gathers information can also change the world--to model a piece of clay or press a button, for example. In providing direct contact between people, touch carries emotional impact. And in providing direct contact with the world, it is the sure sign of reality, as in "pinch me--am I dreaming?" 43. __________. Some small steps have even been taken towards whole-body haptics. Touch Technology of Nova Scotia, Canada, has built a haptic chair. It looks like a full-length lounge chair in a family den, but its surface is studded with 72 "tactors" -pneumatic piston rods, covered with rounded buttons, that can extend about an inch, and can be driven under computer control in any desired sequence and pattern. It could be programmed to imitate a real massage or to function in time to music. According to the manufacturer, that provides a powerful blending of sen-sations--a long-term goal of virtual reality. 44. __________. Even at its present crude level, however, haptics can make tangible what once could not be touched or even pictured. To investigate the world of the very small, researchers at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, have developed the nanoManipulator. This adds touch to the technique of scanning probe microscopy, which can image a single atom by monitoring either the electrical current flowing between an extremely fine probe and a surface or the force between them. With the nanoManipulator, researchers can see and manipulate a universe a million times smaller than their own, to study viruses and tiny semiconducting devices. If the force feedback can be made sensitive enough, it may be possible to push molecular keys into specific molecular locks, to custom-design drugs or assemble silicon parts into intricate nanomachines. With other interfaces, there is no reason we shouldn't also be able to touch the very large-clouds, ocean currents, mantle flows, mountains, galaxy clusters. Or the very strong--with a suitable force scaling, new ceramics or alloys could be squeezed and twanged to test their engineering properties. Or the physically extreme and inaccessible--such as ultra hot plasma flows in fusion machines. 45. __________. Haptic technology could even make abstract ideas tangible. Many scientific concepts occupy spaces of more than three dimensions, string theory, for' example, asserts that we live in a 10 or 11-dimensional Universe. As it is impossible to visualise such a space, we explore these ideas' through mathematical expressions or two dimensional sketches on paper. But probing these unfamiliar geometries with touch may be more effective. And for blind people, haptics offers a new way to grasp information even in three dimensions. A group at the University of Delaware has developed an environment where a person can feel a mathematical function. Using a PHAN-TOM, the user "walks" along the surface of the figure. Like a hiker following mountainous terrain, the user feels where the function is steep, where it is level, and where its peaks and valleys lie. Other haptic systems could help blind people to browse the Internet, feeling images as well as words. The future of haptics is bright, but the only sensual relationship it will be sustaining any time soon is between you and your computer.

单选题不符合乳腺纤维腺瘤特征的是

填空题Monday's Supreme Court decision to block a class-action sex-discrimination lawsuit against Wal-Mart was a huge setback for as many as 1.6 million current and former female employees of the world's largest retailer. But the decision has consequences that range far beyond sex discrimination or the viability of class-action suits. The underlying issue, which the Supreme Court has now ratified, is Wal-Mart's authoritarian style, by which executives pressure store-level management to squeeze more and more from millions of clerks, stockers and lower-tier managers. (41) ______. In the 1950s and '60s, northwest Arkansas, where Wal-Mart got its start, was poor, white and rural, in the midst of a wave of agricultural mechanization that generated a huge surplus of unskilled workers. To these men and women, the burgeoning chain of discount stores founded by Sam Walton was a godsend. The men might find dignity managing a store instead of a hardscrabble farm, while their wives and daughters could earn pin money clerking for Mr. Sam. "The enthusiasm of Wal-Mart associates toward their jobs is one of the company's greatest assets," declared the firm's 1973 annual report. (42) ______. Wal-Mart attorneys have argued, and the Supreme Court agreed this week, that even if sex discrimination was once part of the company's culture, it is now ancient history: if any store managers are guilty of bias when it comes to promoting women, they are at odds with corporate policy. Wal-Mart is no longer an Ozark company; it is a cosmopolitan, multinational operation. But that avoids the more essential point, namely that Wal-Mart views low labor costs and a high degree of workplace flexibility as a signal competitive advantage. It is a militantly anti-union company that has been forced to pay hundreds of millions of dollars to current and former employees for violations of state wage and hour laws. There are tens of thousands of experienced Wal-Mart women who would like to be promoted to the first managerial rung, salaried assistant store manager. (43) ______. Why? Because, for all the change that has swept over the company, at the store level there is still a fair amount of the old communal sociability. Recognizing that workers steeped in that culture make poor candidates for assistant managers, who are the front lines in enforcing labor discipline, Wal-Mart insists that almost all workers promoted to the managerial ranks move to a new store, often hundreds of miles away. (44) ______. (45) ______. Not unexpectedly, some managers think women with family responsibilities would balk at such demands. For a time it seemed as if the class-action lawsuit might be a partial substitute for the role of union. By drastically limiting how a class-action suit can be brought, the Supreme Court leaves millions of service-sector workers with few avenues to escape the grinding work life and limited opportunities that so many now face. [A] But Wal-Mart makes it impossible for many of them to take that post, because its ruthless management style structures the job itself as one that most women, and especially those with young children or a relative to care for, would find difficult to accept. [B] The obstacles to women's advancement do not stop there. The workweek for salaried managers is around 50 hours or more, which can surge to 80 or 90 hours a week during holiday seasons. [C] Indeed. the sex discrimination at Wal-Mart that drove the recent suit is the product not merely of managerial bias and prejudice, but also of a corporate culture and business model that sustains it, rooted in the company's very beginnings. [D] Especially in recent years, Wal-Mart's same-store sales have declined. Workers of both sexes pay the price, but women, who constitute more than 70 percent of hourly employees, pay more. [E] A patriarchal (男性统治或者主宰的) ethos was written into the Wal-Mart DNA. And that corporate culture was "the single most important element in the continued, remarkable success of Wal-Mart," asserted Don Soderquist, the company's chief operating officer in the 1990s. [F] There used to be a remedy for this sort of managerial authoritarianism: it was called a union, which bargained over not only wages and pensions but also the kind of qualitative issues, including promotion and transfer policies. [G] For middle-aged women caring for families, this corporate reassignment policy amounts to sex discrimination. True, Wal-Mart is hardly alone in demanding that rising managers sacrifice family life, but few companies make relocation such a fixed policy.

填空题Though hardly as unwelcome as death or taxes, college entrance exams are just as inevitable and almost as dreaded by high school students. As the testing dates loom for juniors and seniors for the SAT (formerly called the Scholastic Assessment Test) and the American College Test, or ACT, most students are looking for an edge, any edge, in the competition. And as the number of homes with computers continues to rise, test publishers and software developers have been quick to recognize a growing niche. With the market for test preparation materials at all levels estimated at $540 million annually, they have jumped on the tech bandwagon to produce computerized tutorials that promise to boost scores. (41) " We believe that it's important for a student to be prepared to take the tests, " notes Don Powers, a research scientist at the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, N. J. , the organization that administers the SAT for the College Board. " It's important to know how to take the test so that you won't get a score that's lower than you deserve. " But, he adds, " none of the rigorous scientific evidence that we have seen supports these promises" to raise test scores. (42)Several points, however, do weigh in favor of software as opposed to traditional test-preparation. Cost is a big one. (43)Convenience is another, as the College Board points out in touting its new sofware. A few points to remember when evaluating various test-prep software packages: (44)The exams, though they may seem mystical to the test taker, are not magic and certainly not random. There is little variation in the strategies the programs use to boost test scores because there is little variation in how the test are developed. Largely, what differentiates one program from another is the computer interface, which can make the software more—or less—user-friendly, and such features as automated tracking of student progress. (45)A crash course with test prep software is never an alternative to careful, long-term preparation for taking the exams. Some students are better equipped to respond to the self-paced, self-motivated approach software offers than others, Powers notes. Although parents may be in the market for what they consider " serious " study aids, their children, who are the ones taking the tests, may appreciate the programs that offer a little humor. Finally, as programs frequently point out, the SAT and ACT, while important to college admissions officers, are only one element of a successful college application. [A] A test prep course with a live instructor can cost as much as $700. Test-prep software costs $30 to $80. [B] Most of the programs, in fact, emphasize the importance of " guessing strategies " and eliminating unlikely answers to improve scores. Many students often succeed in exams in this way. [C] Unlike many programs, this one can give you a quick, easy and comfortable way to achieve a high score. Such programs can turn your dream passing exams into reality. [D] " I would rather use the program than take a preparation course, because I could do this on my own time and in my own home, " notes one student in the College Board materials. [E] Although at least one of the test programs asks you how long you have to prepare to take the examination in order to customize the learning curve, all recommend spending a period of weeks, not hours, using the software. [F] But though many programs offer money-back guarantees, professional test writers tend to scoff at those claims. In their mind, such programs overemphasize its functions. [G] SAT and ACT is popular with the international students, especially Asian students. Many Asian students chase their dream through SAT and ACT.

单选题淋巴结癌转移时，癌细胞首先出现在( )(1992年)

单选题A．ras基因产物B．p53基因产物C．Rb基因产物D．myc基因产物 (2007年)

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单选题属于胚胎性肿瘤的是

单选题关于恶性肿瘤的超微结构的叙述，错误的是( )(2001年)

单选题男性，35岁，右胫骨上端病理性骨折，局部被囊性肿物破坏。手术后，病理诊断为骨巨细胞瘤。符合此诊断的描述是

单选题子宫颈癌最重要的病因是( )(2007年)

单选题A．神经纤维瘤病B．结肠腺瘤性息肉病C．肾母细胞瘤D．家族性乳腺癌

单选题哪种是原位癌( )(1998年)

单选题同皮肤癌发生关系密切的是

单选题下列有关黑色素瘤的描述，不恰当的是

单选题下列不符合皮样囊肿的特征的描述是

单选题原位癌的主要特征是

单选题哪个病变是癌前病变( )(1994年)

单选题弥漫型胃癌肉眼形态呈

单选题下列不符合恶性肿瘤发生发展的基因改变的描述是