单选题大小行星悬浮在太阳系边缘，极易受附近星体引力作用的影响。据研究人员计算，有时这些力量会将彗星从奥尔特星云拖出。这样，它们更有可能靠近太阳。两位研究人员据此分别作出了以下两种有所不同的断定：①木星的引力作用要么将它们推至更小的轨道，要么将它们逐出太阳系；②木星的引力作用或者将它们推至更小的轨道，或者将它们逐出太阳系。 如果上述两种断定只有一种为真，可以推出以下哪项结论? A．木星的引力作用将它们推至更小的轨道，并且将它们逐出太阳系。 B．木星的引力作用没有将它们推至更小的轨道，但是将它们逐出太阳系。 C．木星的引力作用将它们推至更小的轨道，但没有将它们逐出太阳系。 D．木星的引力作用既没有将它们推至更小的轨道，也没有将它们逐出太阳系。 E．木星的引力作用如果将它们推至更小的轨道，就不会将它们逐出太阳系。

单选题某国研究人员报告说，与心跳速度每分钟低于58次的人相比，心跳速度每分钟超过78次者心脏病发作或者发生其他心血管问题的几率高出39%，死于这类疾病的风险高出77%，其整体死亡率高出65%。研究人员指出，长期心跳过快导致了心血管疾病。 以下哪项如果为真，最能对该研究人员的观点提出质疑? A.各种心血管疾病影响身体的血液循环机能，导致心跳过快。 B.在老年人中，长期心跳过快的不到39%。 C.在老年人中，长期心跳过快的超过39%。 D.野外奔跑的兔子心跳很快，但是很少发现它们患心血管疾病。 E.相对于老年人，年轻人生命力旺盛，心跳很快。

单选题人一般都偏好醒目的颜色。在婴幼儿眼里，红、黄都是醒目的颜色，这与成人相同；但与许多成人不同的是，黑、蓝和白色是不醒目的。市场上红、黄色为主的儿童玩具，比同样价格的黑、蓝和白色为主的玩具销量要大。 以上信息最能支持以下哪项结论?

单选题自身不能制造胰岛素的人得尿毒症的几率是自身能制造胰岛素的人的三倍，尿毒症是一种肾脏器官疾病，通常造成肾功能的衰竭。由于胰岛素有效地保护了肾脏器官不被尿液中汞元素的伤害，因此，汞元素可能在尿毒症的形成过程中起主要作用。 如果下面每项内容真实可靠，哪一项最有力地支持上面的推理? A．不久以后，人们就可以人工批量合成胰岛素给那些自身不制造的人们进行治疗。 B．许多自身不能制造胰岛素的人同样也缺乏制造其他一些物质的能力。 C．胰岛素除了保护了肾器官不被尿液中汞元素的伤害之外对肾器官没有其他作用。 D．当医生用肾脏器官分泌的肾上腺对患尿毒症的病人进行治疗时，病人的病情会显著减轻。 E．许多患有尿毒症的病人有自身制造胰岛素的能力。

单选题随着光纤网络带来的网速大幅度提高，高速下载电影、在线看大片等都不再是困扰我们的问题，即使在社会生产力发展水平较低的国家，人们也可以通过网络随时随地获得鸯快的信息、最贴心的服务和最佳体验。有专家据此认为：光纤网络将大幅提高人们的生活质量。 以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑该专家的观点?( )

单选题甲：当一种很少发生但却很严重的工业事故发生时，人们的反应是认为这种事故越来越频繁了。这种想法是没有道理的。毕竟，在某一把扑克中起到4张A这一稀有的事并不增加将来某把牌起到4张A的机会。乙：正相反，该看法是合理的，因为它使人们感觉到他们以前没感受到的危险，并采取预防措施来防止类似事故在未来发生。乙反驳甲观点的企图，在下面哪一项中能得到最好的描述？

单选题人类学家宣称仅当独立性代替依赖性也即仅当局外人的强行介入被局内人的首创精神取代时，文化才能进步。换句话说，只有本族文化的人才能推动本族文化的进步。非本族文化的人可以提供一些有价值的建议，但是他们的见解的任何强行介入都会对这个文化的独立性和进步造成威胁。如果一个人把单个学校看做独立的文化，那么教育进步的关键很明显就是______。 下面哪一项能最好地完成以上短文?

单选题越来越多有说服力的统计数据表明，具有某种性格特征的人易患高血压，而另一种性格特征的人易患心脏病，如此等等。因此，随着对性格特征的进一步分类了解，通过主动修正行为和调整性格特征以达到防治疾病的可能性将大大提高。 以下哪项最能反驳上述观点? A．一个人可能会患有与各种不同性格特征均有关系的多种疾病。 B．某种性格和与其相关的疾病可能由相同的生理因素导致。 C．某一种性格特征与某一种疾病的联系可能只是数据上的巧合，并不具有一般性意义。 D．人们往往是在病情已难以扭转的情况下，才愿意修正自己的行为，但已为时晚矣。 E．用心理手段医治与性格特征相关的疾病这一研究，导致心理疗法遭到淘汰。

单选题西双版纳植物园中有两种樱草，一种自花授粉，另一种非白花授粉，即需依靠昆虫授粉。近几年来，授粉昆虫的数量显著减少。另外，一株非自花授粉的樱草所结的种子比自花授粉的要少。显然，非自花授粉樱草的繁殖条件比自花授粉的要差。但是，游人在植物园多见的是非自花授粉樱草而不是自花授粉樱草。 以下哪项断定最无助于解释上述现象?( ) A．和自花授粉樱草相比，非自花授粉樱草的种子发芽率较高。 B．非自花授粉樱草是本地植物，而自花授粉樱草是前几年从国外引进的。 C．前几年，上述植物园中非自花授粉樱草和自花授粉樱草的数量比大约是5:1。 D．当两种樱草杂生时，土壤中的养分更易于被非自花授粉樱草吸收，这又往往导致自花授粉樱草的枯萎。 E．在上述植物园中，为保护授粉昆虫免受游客伤害，非自花授粉樱草多植于园林深处。

单选题某学术会议正举行分组会议。某一组有八个人出席。分组会议主席问大家原来各自认识与否。结果是全组中仅有一个人认识小组中的三个人，有三个人认识小组中的两个人，有四个人认识小组中的一个人。 若以上统计属实，则最能得出以下哪项结论?( ) A．会议主席认识小组中的人最多。 B．此类学术会议是第一次举行，大家都是生面孔。 C．有些成员所说的认识可能仅是电视上或报告会上见过而已。 D．虽然会议成员原来的熟人不多，但原来认识的都是至交。 E．通过这次会议，小组成员都相互认识了，以后见面就能直呼其名了。

单选题学生家长：这学期学生的视力普遍下降，这是由于学生书面作业负担太重。 校长：学生视力下降和书面作业负担没有关系，经我们调查，学生视力下降的原因，是由于他们做作业时的姿势不正确。 以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱校长的辩解?

单选题在19世纪，法国艺术学会是法国绘画及雕塑的主要赞助部门，当时个人赞助者已急剧减少。由于该艺术学会并不鼓励艺术创新，19世纪的法国雕塑缺乏新意；然而，同一时期的法国绘画却表现很大程度的创新。 以下哪项如果为真，最有助于解释19世纪法国绘画与雕塑之间创新的差异?

单选题许多国家首脑在出任前都并未有丰富的外交经验，但这并没有妨碍他们做出成功的外交决策。外交学院的教授告诉我们，丰富的外交经验对于成功的外交决策是不可缺少的，但事实上，一个人，只要有高度的政治敏感、准确的信息分析能力和果断的个人勇气，就能很快地学会如何做出成功的外交决策。对于一个缺少以上三种素养的外交决策者来说，丰富的外交经验没有什么价值。如果上述断定为真，则以下哪项也一定为真?

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,interpretitsmeaning,andstateyourownopiniononit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSW.ERSHEET2.(20points)

问答题Directions: You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to re- turn to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to 1) make an apology, and 2) suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

问答题What is the good life? Aristotle acknowledges that luck has a role to play in the good life, but to what extent does luck effect the good life? If the good life is dependent on external factors, then it would appear that it could not be considered self-sufficient. However, Aristotle argues that the good life is self-sufficient, but communally self-sufficient. Why does Aristotle argue for what appears to be a contradiction in terms? (46)It is contended that luck's effect on the good life was much greater than Aristotle was prepared to acknowledge and that as a result of the good life being dependent on luck, the good life cannot be considered self sufficient. Aristotle believed that the good for humans would be the maximum realization of the function that was unique to humans. Since reason was understood by Aristotle to be the unique quality that humans possessed, it followed that the good for humans was to reason well. (47)Since part of the task of reason was to teach human beings how to act virtuously, the good for humans was the exercise of their faculties in accordance with virtue. The good life, then, was defined by Aristotle as the activity of the soul in accordance with virtue. (48)The circumstances that make it likely or unlikely that a person will lead the good life are external and not of one's own choosing, and are, therefore, dependent on luck. Why not, it might be postulated, limit luck's effects, specifically narrowing the scope of what constitutes the elements of the good life so as to limit, while not eliminating luck's role? (49) Aristotle held that even if one could be viewed as leading the good life, should one experience any adverse circumstances such as illness, bereavement or isolation, then one could no longer be considered to be leading the good life. "For many reversals and all sorts of luck come about in the course of a life; and it is possible for the person who was most especially doing well to encounter great calamities in old age, as in the stories told about Priam in the Trojan war. But when a person has such misfortunes and ends in a wretched condition, nobody says that he is living well. " Aristotle had argued that limiting the scope of luck's effect on the good life would render life meaningless, yet is this not what is happening here? (50)Knowing that as one ages the probability of experiencing misfortune is heightened, and still maintaining that this is a yardstick by which to measure whether one can be considered to be leading the good life, severely limits the chances of anyone attaining the good life. Limiting the scope of the external factors that affected the good life would render the good life too limiting, according to Aristotle; yet Aristotle has placed such severe limitations on the criteria that needs to be met in order to lead the good life that the probability of anyone ever leading the good life are practically non-existent.

问答题"Popular art" has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision, which range from folklore to junk, with poles being clear enough but the middle tending to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930's, for example, has elements of folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art, never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular music--folk themes--in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a different one : he took a popular genre-- bourgeois melodrama set to music (an accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)- and, without altering its fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. (47) This remains one of the greatest achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing the essential trashiness of the genre. As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical political elements of nineteenth-century opera. (48) Generally in the plots of these operas, a hero or heroine--usually portrayed only as an individual, unrestrained by class--is caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity of the leaders of the civilians. Verdi transforms this naive and unlike formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself. Or consider Verdi' s treatment of character. (49) Before Verdi, there were rarely any characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the singers to express a series of emotional state. Any attempt to find coherent psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence was the singer' s vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi' s characters, on the other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity, even if, in many cases, the consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama. The integrity of the character is achieved through the music: (50) once he had become established, Verdi did not rewrite his music for different singers or allow alterations or substitutions of somebody else's arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and effectiveness.