问答题The finding is contrary to the common belief that all people are motivated to alleviate negative moods, according to Jonathon Brown, a University of Washington psychologist. (46) “Many people with low self-esteem believe sadness is part of life and that you shouldn’t try to get rid of it, while people with high self-esteem believe in doing something to feel better if they have a negative experience or get in a bad mood, ”said Brown. The researchers conducted five studies involving nearly 900 people. (47)In the key experiment, the researchers created a sad mood by having subjects listen to music and found that people with low self-esteem were significantly less likely than people with high self-esteem to select a comedy video from among six tapes to break their mood. “People with lowself-esteem feel resignation because they question whether anything will help and say ‘ I’m not good at breaking or changing a mood, ” Brown said. “They also believe sadness is not something you get rid of and that you learn and grow from sadness. They feel it is not appropriate to try to change a mood. These are not people who would necessarily go to the movies or shopping to feel better. ” There are things that people with low self-esteem can do to snap a negative mood, according to Brown. (48) “If you have low self-esteem, you should actively try to rise above the sadness and learn that you will feel better if you do not passively accept sadness. You can get better if you remind yourself to do something. You may have to kick yourself in the butt to go to a movie because it will require a conscious effort rather than something that comes automatically, ” he said. The other four studies reinforced the idea that low self-esteem people are less motivated to change a negative mood. The initial study asked students to record in a diary a positive or negative experience that happened to them in the next 7 to 10 days and what they did afterwards. (49)The second study found that people with low self-esteem are equally knowledgeable as those with high self-esteem about strategies to repair negative moods. The final two studies asked people about their experiences when they were in a negative mood. (50) Those with high self-esteem were more likely to express the need to do something to change the mood and less likely to recall instances when they didn’t find a way to improve their mood. Those with low self-esteem, however, were more likely to say such moods are acceptable and that they couldn’t change a mood even if they tried. They also were more likely to say that negative moods sapped their energy.

问答题Directions: You have just learned that your friend Joe had his ankles injured and was in hospital now. Write a letter to him and your letter should include the following details: 1) your concern about his injury, 2) and your best wishes for his recovery. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

多选题克鲁特是德国家喻户晓的“明星”北极熊，北极熊是名副其实的北极霸主，因此，克鲁特是名副其实的北极霸主。 以下除哪项外，均与上述论证中出现的谬误相似?

多选题大小行星悬浮游在太阳系边缘，极易受附近星体引力作用的影响。据研究人员计算，有时这些力量会将彗星从奥尔特星云拖出。这样，它们更有可能靠近太阳。两位研究人员据此分别作出以下两种有所不同的断定：一、木星的引力作用要么将它们推至更小的轨道，要么将它们逐出太阳系：二、木星的引力作用或者将它们推至更小的轨道，或者将它们逐出太阳系。 如果上述两种断定只有一种为真，可以推出以下哪项结论?

多选题一种常见的现象是，从国外引进的一些畅销科普读物在国内并不畅销，有人对此解释说，这与我们多年来沿袭的文理分科有关。文理分科人为地造成了自然科学与人文社会科学的割裂，导致科普类图书的读者市场还没有真正形成。 以下哪项如果为真，最能加强上述观点?

多选题某中药配方有如下要求：(1)如果有甲药材，那么也要有乙药材；(2)如果没有丙药材，那么必须有丁药材；(3)人参和天麻不能都有；(4)没有甲药材而有丙药材，则需要有人参。 如果含有天麻，则关于该配方的断定哪项为真?

多选题小明、小红、小丽、小强、小梅五人去听音乐会。他们五人在同一排且座位相连，其中只有一个座位最靠近走廊，如果小强想坐在最靠近走廊的座位上，小丽想跟着小明紧挨着，小红不想跟随小丽紧挨着，小梅想跟小丽紧挨着，但不想跟小强或小明紧挨着。 以下哪项排序符合上述五个人的意愿?

多选题在某次思维训练课上，张老师提出“尚左数”这一概念的定义：在连续排列的一组数字中，如果一个数字左边的数字都比其大(或无数字)，且其右边的数字都比其小(或无数字)，则称这个数字为尚左数。 根据张老师的定义，在8，9，7，6，4，5，3，2这列数字，以下哪项包含了该列数字中所有的尚左数?

多选题相互尊重是相互理解的基础，相互理解是相互信任的前提。在人与人的相互交往中，自重、自信也是非常重要的，没有一个人尊重不自重的人，没有一个人信任他所不尊重的人。 以上陈述可以推出以下哪项结论?

多选题蟋蟀是一种非常有趣的小动物，宁静的夏夜，草丛中传来阵阵清脆悦耳的鸣叫声，那是蟋蟀在歌唱。蟋蟀优美动听的歌声并不是出自它的好嗓子，而是来自它的翅膀，左右两翅一张一合，相互摩擦，就可以发出悦耳的声响了。蟋蟀还是建筑专家，与它那柔软的挖掘工具相比，蟋蟀的住宅真可以算得上是伟大的工程了。在其住宅门口，有一个收拾得非常舒适的平台。夏夜，除非下雨或者刮风，否则蟋蟀肯定会在这个平台上歌唱。 根据以上陈述，以下哪项是蟋蟀在无雨的夏夜中所做的?

多选题湖队是不可能进入决赛的。如果湖队进入决赛，那么太阳就从西边出来了。 以下哪项与上述论证方式最相似?

多选题为了调查当前人们的识字水平，某实验者列举了20个词语，请30位文化人士识读，这些人的文化程度都在大专以上，识读结果显示，多数人只读对3到5个词语，极少数人读对15个以上，甚至有人全部读错。其中“蹒跚”的辨识率最高，30人中有19人读对；“呱呱坠地”所有人都读错。20个词语的整体误读率接近80%。该实验者由此得出，当前人们的识字水平并没有提高，甚至有所下降。 以下哪项如果为真，最能对该实验者的结论构成质疑?

多选题小东在玩“勇士大战”游戏，进人第二关时，界面出现四个选项。第一个选项是“选择任意选项都需支付游戏币”，第二选项是“选择本项后可能得到额外游戏奖励”，第三个选项是“选择本项游戏后游戏不会进行下去”，第四选项是“选择某个选项不需要支付游戏币”。 如果四个选项中的陈述只有一句为真，则以下哪项一定为真?

多选题参加某国际学术研讨会的60名学者中，亚裔学者31人，博士33人，非亚裔学者中无博士学位的4人。 根据上述陈述，参加此次国际研讨会的亚裔博士有几人?

多选题S市环保监测中心的统计分析表明，2009年空气质量为优的天数达到150天，比2008年多出22天；二氧化硫、一氧化碳、二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物四项污染物浓度平均值，与2008年相比分别下降了约21.3%、25.6%、26.2%、15.4%，S市环保负责人指出，这得益于近年来本市政府持续采取的控制大气污染的相关措施。 以下除哪项外，均能支持上述S市环保负责人的看法?

填空题“This is a really exciting time — a new era is starting,” says Peter Bazalgette, the chief creative officer of Endemol. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. And he is far from alone in his enthusiasm. Already, many mobile operators offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are “streamed” across their third-generation (3G) networks. 41. ______. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”, “Desperate Housewives” and “Law ＆ Order”. 42. ______. For a start, nobody really knows if consumers will pay for it, though surveys suggest they like the idea. Informa, a consultancy, says there will be 125m mobile-TV users by 2010. But many other mobile technologies inspired high hopes and then failed to live up to expectations. And even if people do want TV on the move, there is further uncertainty in two areas: technology and business models. At the moment, mobile TV is mostly streamed over 3G networks. But sending an individual data stream to each viewer is inefficient and will be unsustainable in the long run if mobile TV takes off. 43. ______. 44. ______. That suggests that some shows (such as drama) better suit the download model, while others (such as live news, sports or reality shows) are better suited to real-time transmission. The two approaches will probably co-exist. Just as there are several competing mobile-TV technologies, there are also many possible business models. Mobile operators might choose to build their own mobile-TV broadcast networks; or they could form a consortium and build a shared network; or existing broadcasters could build such networks. The big question is whether the broadcasters and mobile operators can agree how to divide the spoils, assuming there are any. Broadcasters own the content, but mobile operators generally control the handsets, and they do not always see eye to eye. 45. Then there is the question of who will fund the production of mobile-TV content: broadcasters, operators or advertisers? Again, the answer is probably “all of the above”. [A] So the general consensus is that 3G streaming is a prelude to the construction of dedicated mobile-TV broadcast networks, which transmit digital TV signals on entirely different frequencies to those used for voice and data. There are three main standards: DVB-H, favoured in Europe; DMB, which has been adopted in South Korea and Japan; and MediaFLO, which is being rolled out in America. Watching TV using any of these technologies requires a TV-capable handset, of course. [B] In contrast, watching downloaded TV programmes on an iPod or other portable video player is already possible today. And unlike a programme streamed over 3G or broadcast via a dedicated mobile-TV network, shows stored on an iPod can be watched on. an underground train or in regions with patchy network coverage. [C] In South Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks, which is far more efficient than sending video across mobile networks. In Europe, the Italian arm of 3, a mobile operator, recently acquired Channel 7, a television channel, with a view to launching mobile-TV broadcasts in Italy in the second half of 2006. [D] Despite all this activity, however, the prospects for mobile TV are unclear. [E] Assuming the technology and the business models can be sorted out, there is still the tricky matter of content. [F] In South Korea, a consortium of broadcasters launched a free-to-air DMB network last month, but the country’s mobile operators were reluctant to provide their users with handsets able to receive the broadcasts, since they were unwilling to undermine the prospects for their own subscription-based mobile-TV services. [G] The potential for mobile TV is vast, in short — but so is the degree of uncertainty over how it should actually be put into practice.

填空题设下列三句话中只有一句是假的，请问：甲公司总经理是否懂得计算机? (1) 甲公司所有员工都懂计算机； (2) 甲公司小王懂计算机； (3) 甲公司所有员工都不懂计算机。

填空题Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true. The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41) The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century' s culture machine. But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42) I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing. All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods—paintings, sculpture and architecture—and superfluous experiences—music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43) For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44) Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. (45) What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of"stickiness" — creations and experiences to which others adhere. [A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity. [B] Applications like tumblr.com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others. [C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day. [D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading —between passive consumption and active creation -- whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. [E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players. [F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium—television—and television is defined by downloading. [G] The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

单选题下列五句话组成一段文字，最恰当的一项是： 　　①这里讲的人，是指有一定的科学知识、生产经验和劳动技能来使用生产工具、实现物质资料生产的人。 　　②科学技术同生产资料和劳动力是什么关系呢？ 　　③大家知道，生产力的基本因素是生产资料和劳动力。 　　④我们常说，人是生产力中最活跃的因素。 　　⑤历史上的生产资料，都是同一定的科学技术相结合的；同样，历史上的劳动力，也都是掌握了一定的科学技术知识的劳动力。

单选题公文发文程序中，需机关领导人审批的关键环节是：