单选题The teenager is a uniquely human phenomenon. Adolescents are known to be moody, insecure, argumentative, restless, impulsive, impressionable, reckless and rebellious. Teenagers are also characterized by odd sleeping patterns, sudden burst of emotion, bullying, and snobbish behavior. So what could be the possible benefit of the teenage phase? Most other animals—apes and human ancestors included—skip that stage altogether, developing rapidly from infancy to full adulthood. Humans, in contrast, have a very puzzling four-year gap between sexual maturity and prime reproductive age. Anthropologists disagree on when the teenage phase first evolved. There are a variety of current explanations for the existence of teenagers. Some believe that we need longer for our large brains to develop. Other explanations suggest that a teenage phase allows kids to learn about complex social behavior and other difficult skills, or that it is even required to develop coordinated bipedal bodies adapted to travelling long distances. Scientists once thought that the brain"s internal structure was fixed at the end of childhood, and teenage behavior was blamed on raging hormones and a lack of experience. Then researchers discovered that the brain undergoes significant changes during adolescence. According to many recent studies, teen brains really are unique. Though many brain areas mature during childhood, others mature later—such as the frontal and parietal lobes (顶叶), responsible for planning and self-control. Other studies have shown that teens fail to see the consequences of their actions, and that sudden increases in nerve connectivity in teen brains may make it difficult for teenagers to read social situations and other people"s emotions. One study in 2004 showed that teens have less brain activity in areas responsible for motivation and risk assessment, perhaps explaining why they are more likely to take part in risky activities such as abusing drugs and alcohol, develop a hard-to-kick smoking habit or indulge in under-age sex. Teenage pregnancies and rising rates of sexually transmitted diseases among teens are big problems—especially because today"s teen generation is the biggest the world has seen. a 2003 UN report revealed that one in five people were between 10 and 19, a total of 1.2 billion people. But not everyone agrees on the best way to tackle the problem. Some believe that comprehensive sex education is the key, while others argue for abstinence (禁欲) only education courses.

单选题Woman: How did Ellen do on her math test? Man: She passed it with flying colors. Question: What is the man saying about Ellen?

单选题The purpose of the passage is to _____

单选题Formulated in 1823 ,the Monroe Doctrine {{U}}asserted{{/U}} that, he Americas were no longer open to European colonization.

单选题Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (驯服) it. Obedience training doesn't solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of "come here, sit," it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack (群) by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.

单选题A: Sorry, teacher. I forget to bring my homework.B: ______

单选题The building is so well {{U}}constructed{{/U}} that it will survive even the strongest earthquake.

单选题Beijing Television-Station Transmitting Tower really looks magnificent at night when it's {{U}}illuminated{{/U}},

单选题I've ______ that idea long ago and now I have got some new idea about it.

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} After retirement from medical research, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by yacht clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island, I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages. The "lifestyle" of many of the native islanders stood in shocking contrast to my comfortable existence By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed outrageous to me. I wondered why someone didn't do something about that. Then my father's words, which he had asked his children daily when they were young, rang in my head again: "What did you do for someone today?" Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn't want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be relicensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics. The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends ornamenting the building that would become the clinic. We named it Volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 1994, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000. Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could--there are now 15 other clinics operating--but we couldn't keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father's words found their way up north, to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylenol (泰诺: 一种感冒药). A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.

单选题Respect for each other's sovereignty and non-interference in each other's internal affairs ______ the fundamental principles guiding Sino-American relations.

单选题Man: I'm looking for an unfurnished two-bedroom apartment, but all your apartments are furnished. Woman: We can take care of that. We can simply remove the furniture. Question: What does the woman mean?

单选题Although the police (are) given considerable authority by society to enforce (it's) laws, they get a relatively low salary as compared with (that) of other occupational groups which have much (fewer) authority.A. areB. it'sC. thatD. fewer

单选题{{B}}{{I}}Directions{{/B}}: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring {{B}}ANSWER SHEET{{/B}}.{{/I}} {{B}}Passage One{{/B}} Before the 1850's the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students. Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800's, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable (受人尊敬的) colleges—Harvard, Yale, Columbia—and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher scholars. Drilling and learning by rote (死记硬背) were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor's own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph. D, an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research. At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.

单选题Western food can hardly ______ these young athletes from China who prefer instant noodles.

单选题A: Can you tell me something about your company? B：______, our company was established in 1953. We produce a wide variety of electronic equipment.

单选题Failure to control the growth of international debt will also Uconstrain/U living standards.

单选题Anyone who's ever taken a preschooler to the doctor knows they often cry more before the shot than afterward. Now researchers using brain scans to unravel the biology of dread have an explanation: For some people, anticipating pain is truly as bad as experiencing it. How bad? Among people who volunteered to receive electric shocks, almost a third opted for a stronger zap if they could just get it over with, instead of having to wait. More importantly, the research found that how much attention the brain pays to expected pain determines whether someone is an "extreme dreader" —suggesting that simple diversions could alleviate the misery. The research, published in the journal Science ,is part of a burgeoning new field called neu-ro-economics that uses brain imaging to try to understand how people make choices. Until now, most of that work has focused on reward, the things people will do for positive outcomes. "We were interested in the dark side of the equation," explained Dr. Gregory Berns of Emory University, who led the new study. "Dread often makes us make bad decisions.' Standard economic theory says that people should postpone bad outcomes for as long as possible, because something might happen in the interim to improve the outlook. In real life the "just get it over with" reaction is more likely, said Berns, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. He offers a personal example: he usually pays credit card bills as soon as they arrive instead of waiting until they're due,even though "it doesn't make any sense economically." So Berns designed a study to trace dread inside the brain. He put 32 volunteers into an MRI machine while giving them a series of 96 electric shocks to the foot. The shocks varied in intensity, from barely detectable to the pain of a needle jab. Participants were told one was coming, how strong it would be, and how long the wait for it would be, from 1 to 27 seconds. Later, participants were given choices: Would they prefer a medium jolt in 5 seconds or 27 seconds? What about a mild jolt in 20 seconds vs. a sharp one in 3 seconds? When the voltage was identical, the volunteers almost always chose the shortest wait. But those Berns dubbed "extreme dreaders" picked the worst shock if it meant not having to wait as long. The MRI scans showed that a brain network that governs how much pain people feel became active even before they were shocked, particularly the parts of this "pain matrix" that are linked to attention—but not brain regions involving fear and anxiety. The more dread bothered someone, the more attention the pain-sensing parts of the brain were paying to the wait. In other words, the mere information that you're about to feel pain "seems to be a source of misery," George Lowenstein,a specialist in economics and psychology at Carnegie Mellon University, wrote in an accompanying review of the work. "These findings support the idea that the decision to delay or expedite an outcome depends critically on how a person feels while waiting," Lowenstein added. The National Institute on Drug Abuse funded the research. What's the link between dread and drug use? It's indirect, but now that scientists know how healthy people's brains anticipate unpleasant consequences, future studies can compare how drug abusers process such information.