单选题They provide a means of keeping ______ of the thousands of journal papers that are published monthly or quarterly.

单选题You have to pay a (n) premium for express delivery.

单选题Man: Anne, it's good to see you back. Do you remember when we were kids, we used to go swimming together?Woman: Yeah. I sure do. I really love this town and I have a lot good memories from here.Man: I want to tell you that we take a lot of pride in the gold medal you won and we are behind you one hundred percent.Question: What does the man think of the woman?

单选题Man. Many of my classmates have more or less achieved something after graduation, but I'm still in a rut. Woman: Nothing negative about that. Maybe you are a late bloomer. I believe you will get what is due to you so long as you work hard. Question. What does the woman imply?

单选题Her heart began to ______ with fear.

单选题Man: I notice you don't buy your lunch in the cafeteria any more. Woman: When prices went up,I decided to bring my own. Question: Why doesn't the woman buy food in the cafeteria?

单选题A: Do you want me to get you a cup of coffee?B: ______

单选题Man: When are George's parents coming back? Woman: My sister says both she and George's father will stay on for the weekend since George is all right here with us. Question: What is the relationship between George and the woman?

单选题For over 30 years, Donald Kroodsma has worked to disclose such mysteries of bird communication. Through field studies and laboratory experiments, he's studied the ecological and social forces that may have contributed to the evolution of vocal learning. Kroodsma has paid particular attention to local variation in song types, known as dialects. The Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus)on Martha's Vineyard, for example, have an entirely different song than their counterparts on the Massachusetts mainland, he says. Birds that live on the boundary between two dialects or that spend time in different areas can become "bilingual," learning the; songs of more than one group of neighbors. Recently, Kroodsma discovered that the Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculata) is constantly changing its song, creating what he calls a "rapid cultural evolution within each generation. "This kind of song evolution is found in whales but, up until now, rarely in birds.A professor of biology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Kroodsma is also co-editor of the book Ecology and Evolution of Acoustic Communication in Birds (Cornell University Press, 1996). Though he plans to continue his field studies, he says that one of his most important goals now is to help people understand how to listen to birdsong. "Many people can identify a Wood Thrush(Hylocichla mustelina)when they hear it. It's one of the most beautiful songs in the world, "he says. "Little do they realize they could hear the things that Wood Thrush is communicating if they just knew how to listen." Next is an interview made between an amateur of bird songs(SA)and Donald Kroodsma.SA: Can you make any comparison between how a baby bird learns to sing and how a young human learns to speak?DK: On the surface, it's remarkably similar. I often play a tape of my daughter, recorded when she was about a year and a half old. She is taking all the sounds she knows, "bow-wow, kitty, no, down” and randomly piecing them together in a nonsensical babbling sequence. Then I play a tape of a young bird and dissect what it's doing in what we call its "subsong," and it's exactly the same thing.It's taking all the sounds it has memorized, all the sounds it has been exposed to, and singing them in a random sequence. It looks like what the baby human and the baby bird are doing is identical. Some might say that's a crass comparison, but it's very intriguing. SA: Why do the song repertoires(全部技能)and dialects of some birds vary from place to place?DK: For the species of birds that do not learn their songs, I like to think of it simplistically as the song being encoded right in their DNA. With these birds, if we find differences in their songs from place to place, it means that the DNA has changed too, that the populations are genetically different.But there are species in which the songs are not encoded in the DNA. Then we have something very similar to humans, in which speech is learned and varies from place to place. If you were raised in Germany, for example, you'd be speaking German rather than English with no change in your genes. So with the birds that learn their songs, you get these striking differences from place to place because the birds have learned the local dialect.SA: How is this affected by whether a bird is nomadic? DK: If you know the rest of your life you're going to be speaking English, you work hard at learning English. But what if you know that you'll be repeatedly thrown in with people speaking different languages from all over the world? You start to see the enormous challenge it would be to learn the language or dialect of all these different locations. So I think for nomadic birds like Sedge Wrens [Cistothorus platensis], because they are thrown together with different birds every few months from all over the geographic range, they don't bother to imitate the songs of their immediate neighbors. They make up some kind of generalized song, or rather the instructions in their DNA allow them to improvise this very Sedge Wren-y song. Why should they imitate each other and all have the same songs? I wish I knew the answer to that.

单选题Shelley's famous poem “To a Skylark” praises the birds for its carefree spirit.

单选题The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful ______ to my ordinary income.

单选题The three disrespectful sons began to feel worried about the ultimate ______ of the family's property.

单选题The hurricane was incredibly Udevastating/U and left thousands homeless.

单选题A: Would you like to have some ice-cream?B: ______

单选题Tattoos didn't spring up with the biker gangs and rock 'n' roll bands. They've been around for a long time and had many different meanings over the course of history. For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nubians were the first people to tattoo their bodies. Then, in 1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3,300 B.C. "The Iceman," as the specimen was called, had several markings on his body, including a cross on the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It is believed these tattoos were made in a curative (治病的) effort. Being so advanced, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourth dynasties of Egypt developed international nations with Crete, Greece', Persia and Arabia. The art tattooing stretched out all the way to Southeast Asia by 2,000B.C. Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones. The Japanese tattoo artists were the undisputed masters. Their use of colors, perspective, and imaginative designs gave the practice a whole new angle. During the first millenniumA.D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers. In the Balkans, the Thracians had a different use for the craft. Aristocrats, according to Herodotus, used it to show the world their social status. Although early Europeans dabbled with tattooing, they truly rediscovered the art form when the world exploration of the post-Renaissance made them seek out new cultures. It was their meeting with Polynesian that introduced them to tattooing. The word, in fact is derived from the Polynesian word tattau, which means "to mark." Most of the early uses of tattoos were ornamental. However, a number of civilizations had practical applications for this craft. The Goths, a tribe of Germanic barbarians famous for pillaging Roman settlements, used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the same with slaves and criminals. In Tahiti, tattoos were a rite of passage and told the history of the person's life. Reaching adulthood, boys got one tattoo to commemorate the event. Men were marked with another style when they got married. Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for globe-trotting sailors. Whenever they would reach an exotic locale, they would get a new tattoo to mark the occasion. A dragon was a famous style that meant the sailor had reached a "China station." At first, sailors would spend their free time on the ship tattooing themselves and their mates. Soon after, tattoo parlors were set up in the area, surrounding ports worldwide. In the middle of the 19th century, police officials believed that half of the criminal underworld in New York City had tattoos. Port areas were renowned for being rough places flail of sailors that were guilty of some crime or another. This is most likely how tattoos got such a bad reputation and became associated with rebels and criminals.

单选题The rapid expansion of cities during the Industrial Revolution created a housing crisis.

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} In The Birth Order Book Why You Are the Way You Are (2004), Dr. Kevin Leman notes that 21 of the first 23 Americans in space were first-born males or only children. More than half of United States presidents have been first-borns or first-born boys. It's a pretty significant finding historically, because families used to be bigger than they are today. In addition to being high achievers, older children also generally have higher IQs (智商) than younger ones. Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has, the lower each child's individual IQ tends to be. They give a few reasons for this. Parents only have so much time, attention, and money. The more kids they have, the more these things are divided. First-borns initially get the entire parental-time pie. What's more, the ratio of grown-ups to kids decreases with each new baby. {{U}}So the younger ones are surrounded by more children's language on average than the older kids{{/U}}. Some researchers think parental attention is the key to personality birth-order differences. In his book Born to Rebel, psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dad's attention is the thing that really shapes our personalities and, in fact has shaped history. He argues that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy to seek favor from Mom and Dad. Younger siblings (兄弟姐妹) tend to become rebels. Sulloway studied political activists and found that later-born activists were more radical than their first-born peers. The conclusion of his book is that sibling competition for parental attention can affect society as a whole in times of revolution. Thomas Jefferson, Karl Marx, and Fidel Castro were all younger siblings, for example. As compelling as this all is, it's also something we should probably take with caution, there are other things that happen to us in life besides the addition of siblings to our families. A parent can die; a hurricane can leave us homeless; we can catch a life-threatening disease. Any one of these things will probably have more of an effect on our personalities than the presence of siblings. A 2002 study bore this out. After interviewing 535 undergraduates, researchers concluded that personality differences related to birth order were "folklore", although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research.

单选题Early (experiences) are (too) powerful that they can (completely) change the way a person (turns) out.A. experiencesB. tooC. completelyD. turns

单选题A: I gambled away all the money I won from the lottery last week.B: ______

单选题Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be (56) in a single large building. The importance of interior design becomes (57) when we realize how much time we (58) surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be (59) attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect (60) place to be appropriate to its use. You would be (61) if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look (62) the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn't feel (63) in a business office that has the appearance of a school. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer's most important (64) is the function of the particular (65) . For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and (66) few entries and exits will not work for (67) purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be (68) . Nevertheless, it is not easy to make suitable (69) for different kinds of space, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. (70) addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture according to the functions that need to be served.