A. medical B. so C. consideredA. Several hot days are【T7】______ a heat waveB.【T8】______ does extreme heatC. cause serious【T9】______ problems Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can【T10】______ — even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year.【T11】______ Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health.【T12】______ Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.

{{B}}Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A,B,C and D,taken from the interview.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

Giving the child problems he cannot solve will only frustrate him.

A. the issuing bank will send the L/C to one of its correspondents at the place of export by mail or cable.B. I'd like to know what the main content of an L/C isC. Would you help me open an L/C now?D. As soon as the L/C and document are presented to the issuing bank, the bank must pay to the exporterA: Can I help you, sir?B: Yes, I want to open an L/C. Could you tell me more details?A: OK. A letter of credit is a written payment instrument issued by a bank at the request of a customer. It will be sent to the exporter to make shipment and prepare the document specified in the L/C.【D7】______ . The bank acts as the first payer and this is the most important feature of L/C.B: I see.【D8】______ .A: Name, quantity, unit price and amount of goods, ports of loading and destination, price and payment terms, shipping document, latest shipment date and validity of the L/C.B: Then how can I send an L/C to my customer?A: In practice,【D9】______ . After verifying the authenticity of the L/C, the correspondent (advising bank) will send the L/C to the exporter.B: I've got it.【D10】______ .A: I'd be glad to.B: Thanks for your help.A: You are welcome!

{{B}}Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A,B and C,taken from the dialogue.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in______to his income.

The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things many be called the symbolic process. Everywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are【C1】______ things men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value. Almost all fashionable clothes are【C2】______ symbolic, so is food. We【C3】______our furniture to serve as visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses【C4】______ the basis of a feeling that it "looks well" to have a "good address." We trade perfectly good cars in for later models not always to get better transportation, but to give【C5】______ to the community that we can【C6】______ it. Such complicated and apparently unnecessary behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, "why can't human beings【C7】______ simply and naturally." Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative simplicity of such lives as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no【C8】______ for wanting to【C9】______ to a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process so that instead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at least, its【C10】______.

{{B}}Paper TwoTranslation{{/B}}

The fact that the earth's surface heats______provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature regions.

A. inB. passionateC. return toPhrases:A. my experiment【T7】______what the Americans term "downshifting"B. I have been transformed from a【T8】______advocateC. Nothing could persuade me to【T9】______the kind of life Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,【T10】______has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.【T11】______of the philosophy of "having it all" preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life" , and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.【T12】______Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed; 12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".

{{B}}Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

{{B}}Part Ⅰ Oral Communication{{/B}}

A few years ago, in their search for ways to sell more goods, advertising men hit on a new and controversial gimmick. It is a silent, invisible commercial that, the ad men claim, can be rushed past the consumer's conscious mind and planted in his subconscious—and without the consumer's knowledge. Developed by James Vicary, a research man who studies what makes people buy, this technique relies on the psychological principle of subliminal perception. Scientists tell us that many of the sights coming to or eyes are not consciously "seen." We select only a few for conscious "seeing" and ignore the rest. Actually the discarded impressions are recorded in the brain though they are below the threshold of consciousness. There's little doubt in Vicary's mind as to the subliminal ad's effectiveness. His proof can be summed up in just two words: sales increase. In an unidentified movie house not so long ago, unknown audiences saw a curious film program. At the same time, on the same screen on which the film hero was courting the heroine a subliminal projector was flashing its invisible commercials. "Get popcorn," ordered the commercial for a reported one three-thousandths of a second every five seconds. It announced "Coca-Cola" at the same speed and frequency to other audiences. At the end of a six weeks trial, popcorn sales had gone up 57 percent, Coke sales 18 percent. Experimental Films. Inc., says the technique is not new. It began research on subliminal perception in 1954. Experimental Films stresses that its equipment was designed for helping problematic students and treating the mentally ill. At NYU two doctors showed twenty women the projected image of an expressionless face. They told the subjects to watch the face for some change of expression. Then they flashed the word angry on the screen at subliminal speeds. Now the women thought the face looked unpleasant. When the word happy was flashed on the screen instead, the subjects thought the woman's facial expression looked much more pleasant. Subliminal techniques, its promoters believe, are good for more than selling popcorn. Perhaps the process can even be used to sell political candidates, by leaving a favorable impression of the candidate in the minds of the electorates subliminally. How convincing are these invisible commercials? Skeptical psychologists answer that they aren't anywhere near as effective as the ad men would like to think they are. Nothing has been proven yet scientifically, says a prominent research man.

It's a typical Snoopy card; cheerful message, bright colors, though a little yellow and faded now. Though I've received fancier, more expensive card over the years, this is the only one I've saved. One summer, it spoke volumes to me. I received it during the first June I faced as a widow to raise two teenage daughters alone. In all the emotional confusion of this sudden single parenthood, I was overwhelmed with, of all things, the simplest housework: leaky taps, oil changes, even barbeques (烧烤). Those had always been my husband's jobs. I was embarrassed every time I hit my thumb with a hammer or couldn't get the lawnmower (割草机) started. My uncertain attempts only fueled the fear inside me: How could I be both a father and mother to my girls? Clearly, I lacked the tools and skills. On this particular morning, my girls pushed me into the living room to see something. (I prayed it wasn't another repair job.) The "something" turned out to be an envelope and several wrapped bundles on the carpet. My puzzlement must have been plain as I gazed from the colorful packages to my daughters' bright faces. "Go ahead! Open them!" They urged. As I unwrapped the packages, I discovered a small barbecue grill (烧烤架) and all the necessary objects including a green kitchen glove with a frog pattern on it. "But why?" I asked. "Happy Father's Day!" they shouted together. "Moms don't get presents on Father's Day." I protested. "You forgot to open the card. " Jane reminded. I pulled it from the envelope. There sat Snoopy, on top of his dog house, merrily wishing me a Happy Father's Day. "Because," the girls said, "you've been a father and mother to us. Why shouldn't you be remembered on Father's Day?" As I fought back tears, I realized they were right, I wanted to be a "professional" dad, who had the latest tools and knew all the tricks of the trade. The girls only wanted a parent they could count on to be there, day after day, performing repeatedly the maintenance tasks of basic care and love. The girls are grown now, and they still send me Father's Day cards, but none of those cards means as much to me as that first one. Its simple message told me being a great parent didn't require any special tools at all—just a willing worker.

These veterans still remember their rigorous discipline and hard training in these camps.

Everyone knows a stone bounces best on water if it's round and flat, and spun towards the water as fast as possible. Some enthusiasts even travel to international stone-skimming competitions, like world champion Jerdone Coleman-McGhee, who made a stone bounce 38 times on Blanco River, Texas, in 1992. Intuitively, a flat stone works best because a relatively large part of its surface strikes the water, so there's more bounce. Inspired by his eight-year-old son, physicist Lyderic Bocquet wanted to find out more. He tinkered with some simple equations describing a stone bouncing on water in terms of its radius, speed and spin, and taking account of gravity and the water's drag.The equations showed that the faster a spinning stone is travelling, the more times it will bounce. To bounce at least once without sinking, Bocquet found the stone needs to be travelling at a minimum speed of about 1 kilometre per hour. The equations also backed his hunch (直觉) that spin is important because it keeps the stone fairly flat from one bounce to the next. The spin has a gyroscopic (陀螺的) effect, preventing the stone from tipping and falling sideways into the water. To match the world record of 38 bounces using a 10-centimetre-wide stone, Bocquet predicts it would have to be travelling at about 40 kilometres per hour and spinning at 14 revolutions a second. He adds that drilling lots of small pits in the stone would probably help, by reducing water drag in the same way that dim pies on a golf ball reduce air drag.

In 1902, Georges Melies made and released a movie called A Trip to the Moon. In this movie, the spaceship was a small capsule, shaped like a bullet, that was loaded into a giant cannon and aimed at the moon. This movie was based on a book that came out many years earlier by an author named Jules Verne. One of the fans of the book was a Russian man, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. The book made him think. Could one really shoot people out of a cannon and have them get safely to the moon? He decided one couldn't, but it got him thinking of other ways one could get people to the moon. He spent his life considering this problem and came up with many solutions. Some of Tsiolkovsky's solutions gave scientists in America and Russia ideas when they began to think about space travel. They also thought about airplanes they and other people had made, and even big bombs that could fly themselves very long distances. Many scientists spent years working together to solve the problem. They drew and discussed different designs until they agreed on the ones that were the best. Then, they built mall models of those designs, and tested them until they felt ready to build even bigger models. They made full-scale rockets, which they launched without any people inside, to test for safety. Often the rockets weren't safe, and they exploded right there on the launch pad, or shot off in crazy directions like a balloon that you blow up and release without tying it first. After many, many tests, they started to send small animals into space. Only after a long time did they ever put a person inside a rocket and shoot him into space. Even after they began sending people into space, scientists were still trying to improve the shape of the rockets. The design changed many times, and eventually ended up looking like a half-rocket and half-airplane. The machine called space shuttle was used for many years. Now, the government lets private companies try their own designs for spaceships, and they have come up with many different, crazy-looking machines.

Instead of answering the question, the manager______ his shoulders as if it were not important.

The couple has donated a not______amount of money to the foundation.

It was an allusion to what the scientist thought was an inappropriate distribution of funds for stem cell research.