Amtrak (美国铁客运公司) was experiencing a downswing in riders hip (客运量) along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America's standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers—those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2) travel-lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc. ). These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.

Write a composition of at least 150 words about the topic：On Students Selecting Lecturers．You should write according to the outline given below： 1．有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师 2．学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 3．学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题

In today's world, peace, development and cooperation is the trend of the times, the international environment is conducive to peace and development in general. At the same time, the international financial crisis far-reaching influence, the world economic growth is slowing down, global demand structure change, appear on the market, resources, talents, technology, standard of more competitive, climate change and energy resources security, food safety diseases — all more prominent, and various forms of protectionism growth and development of the external environment is more complex. We must grasp the new global economic division, actively create participate in international economic cooperation and competition advantage.

We no longer keep up the close friendship of a few years ago though we still visit each other on occasion .

Physicists were thinking far ahead their time in a very intelligent way. They saw what was going to happen before it actually did. They thought about modern computing in the 1950s, they imagined a lot of the technological progress that we would see only decades later in the real world. They were asking very theoretical questions because these ideas were still so far removed from practice. And they asked very moral questions as well, because the things they conceptualized could be used for great good or for great evil. It could go either way, so moral judgments had to be made.

{{B}}ClozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

【T16】

{{B}}Paper TwoTranslation{{/B}}

A Evidently we didn't understand the direction, B for we made a wrong turn and found C us lost, D confused as to which way we should go.

Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998. Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights," he says. Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes. "No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well." Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks..., if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes. Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. " If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力) to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes.

A. it is very important for you to be punctual.B. Informal clothes convey the impression that you are not serious about the job,C. it is always easier said than done.A: Hi, Alan. I feel very nervous because I am going to have a job interview next Monday. Could you please give me some suggestions?B: Sure. Firstly,【D1】______Interviewers usually don't think much of a candidate who comes 5 or 10 minutes late only to explain that he could not find the place or he was stuck in traffic.A: Yeah, that is very important.B: Secondly, you need to create a good image in a limited time.A: I will try my best to make a good impression but【D2】______B: I think you should make some preparations. For example, you should take care to appear well-groomed and modestly dressed. What's more, try to avoid a too causal style.A: Can I wear T-shirt and jeans for the job interview?B: You'd better not. 【D3】______or that you may be casual about your work as you are about your clothes.

A. The building with the green pyramidal roof is the Peace HotelB. We can see that when we take the boat trip on the Huangpu River tonightC. What an imposing sceneD. many of them bear western stylesGuide: Please look to the west. That is the world-renowned Bund.Richard:【D7】______ !Guide: Generally speaking, the Bund refers to the 24 buildings from No. 1 to No. 33 west of No. 1 East Zhongshan Road.Richard: I see【D8】______ .Guide: Yes. Shanghai used to have a lot of foreign concessions before 1949. At that time, Shanghai was known as the "paradise of foreign adventurers". Many foreigners, mostly Europeans, came to try their luck here. That's why you see buildings of different architectural styles here, Spanish, Greek, Roman and Russian.Richard: What are these buildings for today?Guide: To the north of the Waibaidu Bridge is the Shanghai Mansion.【D9】______ .The one in classical architectural style is the office building of Pudong Development Bank and the one made of huge granite blocks is the office of the Shanghai Customs. You can see the big clock on top.Richard: Yes, I do see that.Guide: These buildings look splendid at night when all lights are turned on. Sometimes there are also outdoor performances there as well.Richard: I can imagine that.Guide:【D10】______ .

In the end, both attacks and defenses of the free market and conventiona l economics have immense philosophical implications.

The computer can be programmed to______a whole variety of tasks.

A. wanted B. brand C. as well asA.【T7】______ playing music and videosB. As the【T8】______ grewC. what is the most【T9】______ high-tech Do you know【T10】______ for teenagers in the U. S. ? It is the iPod. The small cigarette — box-shaped player provides hours of music, videos and audio books, disc, videos and audio books years ago, users found it was very different from just a simple MP3.【T11】______ , more and more new features were introduced. The iPod,【T12】______ , can also store address book, keep your appointments, hold text notes, and display your photo albums. It is big enough for you to take a whole library of music in your pocket.

A. concludedB. normalC. actuallyPhrases:A. considered to be 【T1】______weightB. A number of studies have【T2】______thatC. being overweight is【T3】______protective Thinner isn't always better. 【T4】______normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which 【T5】______. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. Likewise, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an indicator of good health. Of even greater concern is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined in terms of body mass index, or BMI. BMI equals body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often 【T6】______ Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, in turn, can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

In our society, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communication is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses or stand in football match queues, we are likely to have conversations in which we give information or opinions, and sometimes have our views challenged by other members of society. Face-to-face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things above others have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, photography, and so on. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news. No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged minority. Forty years ago people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being channeled into millions of homes. Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. The modern communications industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with their informing, educating and entertaining functions. Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is a part, the vast modern network of communications is open to abuse. However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning back.

His essay is ______with more than 120 full-color photographs that depict the national park in all seasons.

How many people can live on the face of the earth? No one knows the answer. It depends on how much food people can grow 【C1】______destroying the environment. More people now exist than ever before, and the population【C2】______growing. Every 15 seconds, about 100 babies are born. Before the end of this century, the earth may【C3】______10 billion people! To feed everyone, farmers must grow more food. They are trying to do so. World food production has gradually【C4】______over the years. In some parts of the world, 【C5】______, the population is growing faster than the food supply. Some experts fear the world will not be able to produce enough food for a【C6】______that never stops increasing. To grow more crops on the same【C7】______of land, farmers use fertilizers and pesticides(杀虫剂). Some plant new kinds of grains that produce more food. These things help—【C8】______they don't provide perfect solutions. The chemicals in fertilizers and pesticides can pollute water supplies. The new seeds developed by scientists have reached the【C9】______of what they can produce. When hungry people can get no more out of【C10】______field, they clear trees from hills and forests for new farmland, and in doing so they expose the soil. Then rain and floods may strip the topsoil from fields. This process is called erosion. Each year erosion steals billions of tons of topsoil from farmers.

If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mocking bird initiates a set of actions to protect its off spring.