The discovery of gold fields has long attracted large numbers of prospectors and other people because of the traditionally high value of gold.

A Should John resign and Henry B succeed him, we C would have had a D more vigorous leadership.

Write a composition of at least 150 words about the topic：Are the Students Today Less Knowledgeable? You should write according to the outline given below： 1．很多教师抱怨学生越来越不喜欢读书 2．如今的学生花更多的时间在网上冲浪，用光盘看电影，因此用来阅读书籍的时间就变少了 3．今天的学生会因为读书少而使他们的知识量也减少了吗?谈谈你的看法

Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形) painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japan's success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers' in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.

How is it possible that such widespread deception has come to take place right under our noses?

More American mothers than ever are working, and more workers are mothers. Yet their march into the world of paid work continues to cause suspicion. One recent survey found that 48 percent of Americans believe that preschoolers suffer if their mothers work, while another found that 42 percent of employed parents think that working mothers care more about succeeding at work than meeting their children's needs. The kids are all right. Studies conducted by the University of Michigan have consistently demonstrated that a child's social or academic competence does not depend on whether a mother is employed. In my research four out of five children told me that having a working mother was their preferred arrangement. My study found that children with working mothers are no more likely to drop out, take drugs, break the law, or experiment with sex prematurely than children with non-employed mothers. Children have taken their mothers' example to heart. Ninety percent of the young women I interviewed said they hoped to combine work with motherhood, while two-thirds of the men said they wanted to share parenting and work. Sadly, children support working mothers more than we do as a society. Parental leave and child-care benefits in the United States remain inadequate, particularly when compared to what's offered in other countries. Children thrive when their mothers have satisfying, well-paid jobs when they can count on other caretakers to share the load. The challenge facing us is thus not whether good workers can also be good mothers, but whether we can create the conditions that enable working mothers and fathers to be good parents.

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition (学会) of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

Soils are not renewable resources that support all mankind .

{{B}}Section BDirections: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

【T9】

A. Just my cameras, my clothes and some booksB. Would you mind opening the bag for meC. What is the purpose of your visit to the United States Officer: May I see your passport please?Charles: Here is my passport. And this is the declaration form. Officer:【D1】______?Charles: Business. I have a trade convention I'm attending in Chicago. Officer: This visa is good for two weeks. Do you intend to stay longer than that? Charles: No. I will fly back twelve days from now. Officer: What do you have in the bag? Charles:【D2】______.Officer: You're not carrying any food with you today? Charles: No.Officer: Okay.【D3】______? This is just a routine check. Charles: Alright.Officer: Okay, everything is fine. Enjoy your trip. Charles: Thank you.

【T16】

Many people think there is no need to take special care over home security. "I'm all right, I'm insured." Maybe—if you're fully insured. Even then you can never recover the real value you place upon your possessions. But you can't insure against the upset and unhappiness that we all feel if our homes are seriously damaged by some stranger, our windows and doors smashed, our precious possessions ruined. "It won't happen to me." Won't it? A home is broken into almost every minute of the day. Thefts of all kinds, including cars and property stolen, happen twice as frequently. "I've nothing worth stealing." You may think not. But in fact every one has something worth a thief's attention. And we all have things of special value to us even if they're worth little or nothing in cash terms. "I'm only a tenant here." The thief doesn't care whether you're a tenant or an owner-occupier. You're just as likely to be robbed. Have a word with the owner of the house if you think extra locks and fastenings are necessary. "They'll get in any way." Most thieves are always looking for easy jobs. They are soon discouraged by houses they can't get into quickly and easily. So it's worth taking care. This booklet will help you— It's based on the practical experience of police forces throughout the country. Most of the suggestions will cost you only a few minutes extra time and thought. A few may involve some expense, but this is small compared with the loss and unhappiness you might otherwise suffer. If you are in doubt, ask for free advice from the Crime Prevention Officer at your local police station.

Recently, the internet has given rise to a new type of marketplace.

Excerpt 1: Sales of e-readers surged during the Christmas holiday season, according to a Pew Research Center report, which showed that the number of adults in the United States who owned tablets nearly doubled from mid-December to early January.Excerpt 2: Apple, based in Cupertino, California, controls 73 percent of the market, while Samsung Electronics Co., Sony Corp. and Toshiba Corp. are among companies making constant improvements on tablets without bringing services that cut into the market share, Sarah Rotman Epps, an analyst at Forrester, said in the report.Excerpt 3: Under Square's year-long pilot program, an iPad would be installed in the space where Taxi TVs currently sit, and the driver would have an iPhone to process credit-card payments. The technology would allow drivers to accept a passenger's card at any point during the ride, then enter the amount later. The system charges drivers less in credit card transaction fees than the current rates.Excerpt 4: When Apple introduced the iPad tablet computer in 2010, it was doing what it likes to do best: creating a new category to dominate, as it had done with the iPod and iPhone. By the end of the year, the company had sold nearly 15 million iPads, generating about $ 9. 5 billion in revenue. Just two years later, the chief executive of Apple, Timothy D. Cook, has a prediction: the day will come when tablet devices like the Apple iPad outsell traditional personal computers.Excerpt 5: Apple has made its first attempt to quantify how many American jobs can be credited to the sale of its iPads and other products, a group that includes the Apple engineers who design the devices and the drivers who deliver them—even the people who build the trucks that get them there. On Friday, the company published the results of a study it commissioned saying that it had "created or supported" 514,000 American jobs. The study is an effort to show that Apple's benefit to the American job market goes far beyond the 47,000 people it directly employs here.Excerpt 6: People who read e-books on tablets like the iPad are realizing that while a book on a black-and-white Kindle is straightforward and immersive, a tablet offers a menu of distractions that can fragment the reading experience, or stop it in its tracks. E-mail lurks tantalizingly within reach. Looking up a tricky word or unknown fact in the book is easily accomplished through a quick Google search. And if a book starts to drag, giving up on it to stream a movie over Netflix or scroll through your Twitter feed is only a few taps away.

In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called " classical conditioning". This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother's face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called " operant conditioning. " This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more. Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.

The volleyball team has had five________victories in the last three years.

A. we are all booked up for Flight 802 on that dayB. what about the fareC. I'd like to make a reservation to Boston next week Agent: Good morning. The United Airlines. What can I do for you? Caller: Yes,【D4】______.Agent: When do you want to fly?Caller: Monday, September 12.Agent: We have Flight 802 on Monday. Just a moment please. Let me check whether there're seats available. I'm sorry【D5】______Caller: Then, any alternatives? Agent: The next available flight leaves at 9: 30 Tuesday morning September 13. Shall I book you a seat? Caller: Er...It is a direct flight, isn't it? Agent: Yes it is. You want to go first class or coach? Caller: I prefer first class,【D6】______? Agent: One way is $ 176.Caller: OK. I will take the 9: 30 flight on Tuesday.Agent: A seat on Flight 807 to Boston 9: 30 Tuesday morning. Is it all right, sir? Caller: Certainly.

{{B}}Paper TwoTranslation{{/B}}

Julie is one of those women who always ______the latest fashions.