A. This is your 10 yuan changeB. I'd like to buy a bottle of liquorC. This is the superb product of the kindSalesclerk: Good afternoon, madam. Can I help you?Customer: Yes.【D1】______.Salesclerk: How about Hong Xing Erguotou? It's brewed in Beijing.【D2】______ .Customer: How much does it cost?Salesclerk: It sells at 55 yuan a bottle.Customer: Give me two bottles, please.Salesclerk: 110 yuan, please.Customer: Here's 120 yuan and keep the change, please.Salesclerk: You're so kind. But we don't accept tips.【D3】______ . Thank you.

While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states at least in getting people off welfare. It's estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994. In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens County have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $ 6 an hour. The result: The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent— twice the national average. For advocates (代言人) for the poor, that's an indication much more needs to be done. "More people are getting jobs, but it's not making their lives any better," says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington. A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. "Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin (毒素) that was poisoning the family," says Robert Rector, a welfare reform policy analyst. "The reform is changing the moral climate in low-income communities. It's beginning to rebuild the work ethic (道德观), which is much more important. " Mr. Rector and others argued that once "the habit of dependency is cracked", then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.

Much has been written about poverty but none of the accounts seem to get at the root of the problem. It must be noted that the debilitating effects of poverty are not only the result of lack of money but are also the result of powerlessness. The poor are subject to their social situation instead of being able to affect it through action, that is, through behavior that flows from an individual's decisions and plans. In other words, when social scientists have reported on the psychological consequences of poverty, it seems reasonable to believe that they have described the psychological consequences of powerlessness. The solution to poverty most frequently suggested is to help the poor secure more money without otherwise changing the present power relationships. This appears to implement the idea of equality while avoiding any unnecessary threat to the established centers of power. But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness, not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a large supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accompanied by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society. In order to reduce poverty — related psychological and social problems in the United States, the major community will have to change its relationship to neighborhoods of poverty in such fashion that families in the neighborhoods have a greater interest in the broader society and can more successfully participate in the decision-making process of the surrounding community. Social action to help the poor should have the following characteristics: the poor should see themselves as the source of the action; the action should effect in major ways the preconceptions of institutions and persons who define the poor; the action should demand much in effect or skill; the action should be successful and the successful self-originated important action should increase the feeling of potential worth and individual power of individuals who are poor. The only initial resource which a community should provide to neighborhoods of poverty should be on a temporary basis and should consist of organizers who will enable the neighborhoods quickly to create powerful, independent, democratic organizations of the poor. Through such organizations, the poor will then negotiate with the outsiders for resources and opportunities without having to submit to concurrent control from outside.

A. We are ready at your serviceB. The computer is workingC. it provides you with free service and partsA: There! Here we are. You can turn on the power now.B: Great!【D1】______ . Thank you very much.A: It's our pleasure. By the way, your warranty is good, so【D2】______ . You just sign your name here in the form. B: Thank you. May I sign here? A: Yes. If anything is wrong with your computer, don't hesitate a moment to call us.【D3】______B: I appreciate your coming here in time.

The parents of the bride ______my presence at the wedding as we had been neighbors for years.

【T16】

The young man asked his parents not to worry because he was full of optimism about his career.

【T9】

BSection ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET./B

The century-old hostilities between the two tribes eventually terminated through the persistent efforts of the local government.

In the 1960's, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like "serious illness of a family member" were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970's, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like "Stress causes illness." If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we're all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境 ). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental strain.

A. It looks like this downturn is in for the long haul.B. Skilled workers might not be spared.C. If you were going to retire soon, it will be a lot harder to.D. The damage is likely to spread to other sectors.E. It has already hurt job growth. Five Unfortunate Ways the Financial Crisis Affects Your Daily Grind By now, you're probably up to your eyeballs in unsettling economic crisis news. The stock markets, tanked. Real estate value, sunk. But much less has been said about probably a more pressing concern to most workers—your job. Is it safe? How long will it be before you can expect to see a raise or bonus again? 【R1】______ Unfortunately, the credit crisis has already begun affecting job growth. The unemployment rate has grown an entire percentage point—from 5.1 to 6.1—between March and August. Furthermore, it is likely to get worse before it gets better. Goldman Sachs Group economists wrote in a report to clients yesterday that they expected unemployment to rise to seven percent in late 2009. 【R2】______ At the outset of housing market's turmoil, most expected jobs in the banking, finance, construction and real estate sectors to take a direct hit, as the problems started in those areas. However, now it is clear that the damage is likely to spread to other industries, including ones that who use credit to buy their goods or rely on new investments to move forward. In short, most of them. As for the IT department, David Foote, CEO at the IT workforce research consultancy, told Computerworld this week that he thinks more companies will be looking more closely at that parts of IT spending are critical, and some IT workers may be safer than others. But, overall, he finds little reason for techies to worry. 【R3】______ Historically, most downturns have spared white collar and highly-skilled workers while hitting the least skilled the hardest. Yet observers believe that this downturn is likely to be more democratic than ones previously, because of the severity of the credit crunch. "Research indicates that employers hire relatively more skilled workers when they invest in new plant and equipment," Alan B. Krueger, an economist at Princeton, told the New York Times this week. "If funds for investment are not available because of the financial crisis, however, companies will hire fewer skilled workers." 【R4】______ If you've just retired or were about to, sadly, your timing could not be worse as by beginning to withdraw from you nest egg just as the markets tumble, you are essentially locking in your losses. But what if the wheels of your retirement were already in motion? Experts say, as depressing as it sounds, working just a few years longer can make a big difference. "It does not have to be entirely unpleasant," writes New York Times columnist Tara Siegel Benard, "Maybe you could work part time and earn enough to cover the amount you would have drawn from your retirement portfolio. At least you are not dipping into your savings while they are down." 【R5】______ The next logical question is, "Well, how long will this last?" and while nobody agrees on an exact date, few have any confidence that it will be over by the holidays. Many argue that it will be at least 30 months long. It's not just economists and pundits. One reader poll in a business newspaper found the 54 percent of respondents consumers believed that the recession would last through the second half of 2009 and possibly as long as 2011.

A. And I'll call you back to make reservationsB. Could you give me some information on your European toursC. I have one ten-day tour that is still availableA:【D4】______ ?B: Our pleasure. We have several package tours you may choose, from ten days to three weeks in Europe.A: I would be interested in a ten-day trip around Christmas time.B:【D5】______ . It will depart from New York on December 24.A: What is the cost?B: The price for one person for a ten-day tour is only $ 1,088, which includes round-trip airfare.A: That sounds reasonable. Let me think it over.【D6】______ .B: OK. But don't delay too long, or that trip will be all booked.

Electronic mail has been in widespread use for more than a decade, simplifying the flow of ideas, connecting people from distant offices and eliminating the need for meetings, but e-mail should be carefully managed to avoid unclear and inappropriate communication. As time goes on and more people surf the Net, the amount of unsolicited e-mail grows. Some folks reasonably assume that cyberspace mirrors many aspects of other forms of communications. It would seem that since telemarketing and direct mail are successfully used as marketing techniques for many businesses, it should follow that direct e-mail or unsolicited e-mail should also work. This topic is hotly debated between experienced Internet users and newcomers. Unlike receiving promotional materials through the mail or over the phone, e-mail does carry a cost to the recipient. "Bandwidth" is used every time when an e-mail message is sent and places a load on existing resources. The process of sending unsolicited e-mail to large, untargeted lists, or through mailing list discussion groups or Usenet newsgroups, is known as "spamming". Spamming wastes bandwidth. Imagine if it became common practice for businesses to market this way. Not only would it be annoying for many, the load on the system would translate to higher access fees. Unlike regular mail where the sender pays the cost of delivering the mail, e-mail is cheap to send, and in some cases, expensive to receive. Many businesses responsibly market by e-mail, for example, by inviting existing customers or website visitors to receive future e-mail announcements. Some of the free e-mail services are advertiser-supported and hence using e-mail marketing in an upfront acceptable manner. Hopefully, this will be the norm, rendering the inconvenience of spam a thing of the past.

A. be appropriateB. comment onC. sunny weatherD. to the audiencePhrases:A. you may want to【T13】______their disorganized bossesB. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens,【T14】______, and so onC. Your humor must be relevant 【T15】______D. it'll 【T16】______for you to make a passing remark If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.【T17】______and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries,【T18】______. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter.【T19】______. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat. who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stamps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and【T20】______about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the post office or the telephone system.

Telecommuting—substituting the computer for the trip to the job—has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes lateness and absenteeism by eliminating commuters, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California, Seattle, and Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour traffic and improve air quality. But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images. Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the quiet Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes into his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child; she hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor. These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done. Management, too, must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employee's situation, not the availability of technology, that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement. That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs of policy guidelines remains small.

After A teaching in Xiamen University's MBA center for over five years, I B come to realize that C even if political and economic barriers D are overcome , a major hurdle remains—culture!

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words under the title of The Problems I Have in My English Study. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese.Outline:1．遇到了哪些困难；2．产生这些困难的原因；3．如何克服这些困难。

When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite________qualified sources of information and examples.

Anyone who can study abroad is fortunate; but, of course, it is not easy to make the ______from one culture to another.