{{B}}Paper TwoTranslation{{/B}}

They point to the continuing policy of putting more and more drug offenders away, in the face of overwhelming evidence that doing so has litde effect.

Survivors of the Donner party, trapped in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in 1846 and driven in to cannibalism, did not adhere to the same story about the details of the disaster.

{{B}}Section ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

Several________for global warming have been suggested by climate researchers.

【T3】

It was during the morning rush hour________the bomb exploded.

【T9】

hard economic times carbon accounting qualified workerslarge and active student clubsA. like team projects,【T13】______B. offering electives in topics like【T14】______C.【T15】______ have not tempered this demandD. To meet this demand will require【T16】______ The demand for workers with sustainability-related job skills has been rising sharply these years.【T17】______ So a growing number of graduate business programs are【T18】______ , corporate social responsibility and lean manufacturing techniques to reduce waste and environmental impact. The top programs will also offer a variety of learning experiences,【T19】______ , and hands-on field experience as well as classes in policy and environmental management. Demand from students is also driving business schools to include more social and environmental topics in their curriculum, and【T20】______ . The economic downturn has caused some deep soul searching among this generation and they want to incorporate their desires to change the world into their careers now.

So what are books good for? My best answer is that books produce knowledge by encasing it. Books take ideas and set them down, transforming them through the limitations of space into thinking usable by others. In 1959, C. P. Snow threw down the challenge of "two cultures" , the scientific and the humanistic, pursuing their separate, unconnected lives within developed societies. In the new-media ecology of the 21st century, we may not have closed that gap, but the two cultures of the contemporary world are the culture of data and the culture of narrative. Narrative is rarely collective. It isn't infinitely expandable. Narrative has a shape and a temporality, and it ends, just as our lives do. Books tell stories. Scholarly books tell scholarly stories. Storytelling is central to the work of the narrative-driven disciplines—the humanities and the nonquantitative social sciences—and it is central to the communicative pleasures of reading. Even argument is a form of narrative. Different kinds of books are, of course, good for different things. Some should be created only for download and occasional access, as in the case of most reference projects, which these days are born digital or at least given dual passports. But scholarly writing requires narrative fortitude, on the part of writer and reader. There is nothing wiki about the last set of Cambridge University Press monographs(专著)I purchased, and in each I encounter an individual speaking subject. Each single-author book is immensely particular, a story told as only one storyteller could recount it. Scholarship is a collagist(拼贴画家), building the next road map of what we know book by book. Stories end, and that, I think, is a very good thing. A single authorial voice is a kind of performance, with an audience of one at a time, and no performance should outstay its welcome. Because a book must end, it must have a shape, the arc of thought that demonstrates not only the writer's command of her or his subject but also that writer's respect for the reader. A book is its own set of bookends. Even if a book is published in digital form, freed from its materiality, that shaping case of the codex(古书的抄本)is the ghost in the ghost in the knowledge-machine. We are the case for books. Our bodies hold the capacity to generate thousands of ideas, perhaps even a couple of full-length monographs, and maybe a trade book or two. If we can get them right, books are luminous versions of our ideas, bound by narrative structure so that others can encounter those better, smarter versions of us on the page or screen. Books make the case for us, for the identity of the individual as an embodiment of thinking in the world. The heart of what even scholars do is the endless task of making that world visible again and again by telling stories, complicated and subtle stories that reshape us daily so that new forms of knowledge can shine out.

Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their________.

You may never experience an earthquake or a volcanic eruption in your life, but you will______changes in the land.

A. It must be very expensive to get such a nice houseB. the guy who's selling the house has lost his jobC. It's everything we have been looking forD. Our house is outside of the cityA: I heard that you're going to move. How about the new house?B: Oh, it's perfect!【D7】______ . The surrounding is homey. And I love that huge yard, the dome window with the attic, and the fireplace in the bedroom.A: Wow, it sounds gorgeous!【D8】______ .B: Not that expensive, as a matter of fact. It's really under price!A: How could that be?B: Our realtor said,【D9】______ and he has to move and live with his parents!A: What a piece of luck! It has brought a lot of lovely color to your face! What's the location? It's hard to find such a house in the city.B: Yes.【D10】______ .A: Isn't it very inconvenient for you to go to work?B: A little bit. But now we are expecting our baby and we decided not to raise the kid in the city.A: How sweet! You are already considerate parents for the baby!

For this part，you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on he topic：Reduce Waste on Campus．You should write at least 150 words based on the outline given below in Chinese． 1．目前有些校园内浪费现象严重 2．浪费的危害 3．从我做起，杜绝浪费

Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities. Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized. You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong. In one study, researchers examined the brain of the learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together. The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed. Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical' signals. Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.

{{B}}WritingDirections: In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words on the following topic. You could follow the clues suggested by the picture given below. Remember to write the composition clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

A. Everything is automaticB. We can accept the tax paymentsC. the balances will be used every quarter for tax liability paymentsD. We do that for many of our customersA: Can I make arrangements to open an automatic transfer account for my income tax payments?B: Yes, of course.【D7】______ . You simply indicate what the regular and special transfers should be and we will automatically debit your account for them each month.A: Do you keep the transferred amount in a special account that I can't control?B: Yes, we keep those balances in a trust account specifically reserved for tax payments. Usually【D8】______.A: What about the tax liability itself? Do you pay it for me or do I have to do it myself?B: You must submit the appropriate tax form each quarter, but we can handle the paper work here.A: You mean that I can actually make the tax payments here?B: Yes, we are an authorized Federal Depository.【D9】______ and issue you an official receipt for your records, which we call Federal Depository Receipt.A:【D10】______ , huh?B: Yes, we will make the automatic monthly transfers from your trust account and transfer that to the tax payment when it matures. All you have to do is to make the money.

Excerpt 1: Sales of e-readers surged during the Christmas holiday season, according to a Pew Research Center report, which showed that the number of adults in the United States who owned tablets nearly doubled from mid-December to early January. Excerpt 2: Apple, based in Cupertino, California, controls 73 percent of the market, while Samsung Electronics Co. , Sony Corp. and Toshiba Corp. are among companies making constant improvements on table without bringing services that cut into the market share, Sarah Rotman Epps, an analyst at Forrester, said in the report. Excerpt 3: Under Square's year-long pilot program, an iPad would be installed in the space where Taxi TVs currently sit, and the driver would have an iPhone to process credit-card payments. The technology would allow drivers to accept a passenger's card at any point during the ride, then enter the amount later. The system charges drivers less in credit card transaction fees than the current rates. Excerpt 4: When Apple introduced the iPad tablet computer in 2010, it was doing what it likes to do best: creating a new category to dominate, as it had done with the iPod and iPhone. By the end of the year, the company had sold nearly 15 million iPads, generating about $9.5 billion in revenue. Just two years later, the chief executive of Apple, Timothy D. Cook, has a prediction: the day will come when tablet devices like the Apple iPad outsell traditional personal computers. Excerpt 5: Apple has made its first attempt to quantify how many American jobs can be credited to the sale of its iPads and other products, a group that includes the Apple engineers who design the devices and the drivers who deliver them—even the people who build the trucks that get them there. On Friday, the company published the results of a study it commissioned saying that it had "created or supported" 514, 000 American jobs. The study is an effort to show that Apple's benefit to the American job market goes far beyond the 47, 000 people it directly employs here. Excerpt 6: People who read e-books on tablets like the iPad are realizing that while a book on a black-and-white Kindle is straightforward and immersive, a tablet offers a menu of distractions that can fragment the reading experience, or stop it in its tracks. E-mail lurks tantalizingly within reach. Looking up a tricky or unknown fact in the book is easily accomplished through a Google search. And if a book starts to drag, giving up in it to stream a movie over Netflix or scroll through your Twitter feed is only a few taps away.

{{B}}Part V Text CompletionDirections: In this part there are three short texts.For each text,you should first fill in the blanks in the choices A,B,C (and D) with the best answer provided in the rectangle.Then,complete the text itself by filling in each of the blanks with the completed A,B,C (or D).Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}}

Almost eight years ago, the American educator Abraham Flexner published an article entitled The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge. In it, he argued that the most powerful intellectual and technological breakthroughs usually emerged from research that initially appeared "useless" , without much relevance to real life. As a result, it was vital, Flexner said, that these "useless" efforts should be supported, even if they did not produce an immediate payback, because otherwise the next wave of innovation simply would not occur. " Curiosity, which may or may not produce something useful, is probably the outstanding characteristic of modern thinking," he declared. In 1929, Flexner persuaded a wealthy American family, the Bambergers, to use some of their donations to fund the Institute for Advanced Study(IAS)at Princeton to support exactly this kind of "undirected" research. And it paid off: brilliant Jewish scientists fleeing from Nazi Germany, such as Albert Einstein, gathered at the IAS to explore undirected ideas. And while some of these, such as Einstein's own work developing his early theory of relativity, did not initially seem valuable, many eventually produced powerful applications(though after many decades). "Without Einstein's theory, our GPS tracking devices would be inaccurate by about seven miles," writes Robbert Dijkgraaf, the current director of the IAS, in the foreword to a newly released reprint of Flexner's article. Concepts such as quantum mechanics(量子力学)or superconductivity also seemed fairly useless at first—but yielded huge dividends at a later date. The reason why the IAS is re-releasing Flexner's article now is that scientists such as Dijkgraaf fear this core principle is increasing under threat. The Trump administration has released a projected budget that threatens to reduce funding for the arts, science and educational groups. Many Republicans believe that research is better financed by business or philanthropists(慈善家)than by government. But one striking fact about the past century is how much American innovation originated in federal projects; Silicon Valley would never have boomed were it not for the fact that state funding enabled the development of the World Wide Web, for example.