Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight.

{{B}}Part V Text CompletionDirections: In this part there are three short texts.For each text,you should first fill in the blanks in the choices A,B,C (and D) with the best answer provided in the rectangle.Then,complete the text itself by filling in each of the blanks with the completed A,B,C (or D).Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}}

All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully ______the risks and benefits.

The gravitational pull of the Earth and the Moon is important to us as we attempt to conquer more and more of outer-space. Here's why. As a rocket leaves the Earth, the pull of the Earth on it becomes less and less as the rocket roars out into space. If you imagine a line between the Earth and the Moon, there is a point somewhere along that line, nearer to the Moon than to the Earth, at which the gravitation pull of both the Earth and the Moon on an object is just about equal. An object placed on the Moon side of that point would be drawn to the Moon. An object placed on the Earth side of that point would be drawn to the Earth. Therefore, a rocket need be sent only to this "point of no return" in order to get it to the Moon. The Moon's gravity will pull it the rest of the way. The return trip of the rocket to the Earth is, in some ways, less of a problem. The Earth's gravitational field reaches far closer to the Moon than does the Moon's to the Earth. Thus it will be necessary to fire an Earthbound rocket only a few thousand miles away from the Moon to reach a point where the rocket will drift to the Earth under the Earth's gravitational pull. The problem of rocket travel is not so much concerned with getting the rocket into space as it is with guiding the rocket after it leaves the Earth's surface. Remember that the Moon is constantly circling the Earth. A rocket fired at the Moon and continuing in the direction in which it was fired would miss the Moon by a wide margin and perhaps continue to drift out into space until "captured" in another planet's gravitational field. To reach the Moon, a rocket must be fired toward the point where the Moon will be when the rocket has traveled the required distance. This requires precise calculations of the speed and direction of the rocket and of the speed and direction of the Moon. For a rocket to arrive at a point where the Moon's gravity will pull it the rest of the way, it must reach a speed called velocity of escape. This speed is about 25,000 miles per hour. At a speed less than this, a rocket will merely circle the Earth in an orbit and eventually fall back to the Earth.

A. You needn't worry about thatB. you can visit our desk again or call our service hotline any time if it is necessaryC. you can pay close attention to your share's performanceD. I want to know whether your bank have the service on stock investmentsJerry: Good morning, madam. Can I help you?Juliet:【D7】______ .Jerry: Yes, we do. We have securities hotlines. Our professional trained staff will process your order at once by forwarding them to the stockbrokers. Juliet: Do you mean I can place order by phone? Jerry: Correct. Besides, we can provide updated information of the stock market. You can watch the video monitors in our bank and get the instant prices of the stocks you have bought. So,【D8】______ .Juliet: That's great, but how to buy shares? I don't have enough time to come to your bank to trade. Jerry: 【D9】______ . Actually, stock trading can be directly done by account transfers, which will save your time. Juliet: Terrific! I think I have found a right way to invest. I'll consider it seriously. Thank you for your information. Jerry: It's my pleasure. If you have further questions,【D10】______ .

{{B}}Section BDirections: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

【T3】

A. May I ask why you are interested in working for us?B. I'm currently working in a large international company in charge of a team of 8 brokers.C. I have a lot of experience in the stock market.D. it was very impressed.A: Please have a seat Mr. Saunders. I received your job resume last week, and【D7】______B: Thank you!A: We are a small financial company trading mostly stocks and bonds. 【D8】______B: Your company has an impressive reputation and I've always wanted to work for a smaller company. A: That's good to hear. Would you mind telling me a little bit about your present job?B: 【D9】______We buy and sell stocks for major clients worldwide.A: Why do you think you are the right candidate for this position?B: As a head broker. 【D10】______I deal with the clients on the daily bases, and I enjoy working with people.A: well, you might just be the person we've been looking for. Do you have any questions?

A. Calling for an open-minded consideration of the issueB. Lessons from the pastC. Various implications imaginedD. An expected attack from those standing on the natural and religious groundE. A no-no to humans In February 1997, my colleagues and I announced the arrival of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. The reaction of the scientific community was, on the whole, friendly, if somewhat incredulous. In contrast, the public's reaction was extremely negative, primed partly by a media weaned on a diet of cloning scare stories and pulp fiction. 【R1】______. The issue was not that this new technology created an abomination, A freak animal; after all, Dolly was, and remains, a rather handsome sheep. It was the fear that the techniques could, and some said would, be applied to humans that provoked the frenzied debate. 【R2】______. The first old chestnut raised was that there would be the cloning of dictators, followed by these possibilities, positive and negative: celebrity cloning, self-cloning, the pre-selection of citizens by the state with its echoes of Aldous Huxley's futuristic novel Brave New World, the reincarnation of dead loved ones, treatment for infertile couples, a route to avoid parental genetic disease being passed on to children and a way to cure terminal illness. 【R3】______. Enough time has passed since Dolly's arrival for a sober, thorough reassessment of the prospects for human cloning and what it is about such cloning that causes people fear and concern. 【R4】______. Many people had a genuine gut reaction to news of Dolly, and that apparently remains undiminished in its intensity. An affront to nature, a blasphemy, man playing God—such comments were often made. But we should recognize that human reproduction is a sensitive topic and a new method that has an impact on human reproduction will always be greeted with fear and revulsion by the majority who have no problems procreating. 【R5】______. The techniques of donor sperm insemination and in vitro fertilization, introduced in the 1950s and 1970s respectively, were met with great hostility and threats of criminal legislation in some countries. That hostility moderated over the years as some early fears evaporated, and great joy was brought to some couples. But controversy remains in the very low success rates in IVF, and in the disputes that can arise over legal paternity between a child's biological and non-biological parents. Although human cloning would further complicate the legal issues, this is not ground for banning it. Charges that Man is "playing God" by controlling Nature are easily dismissed because, for as long as he has been able to intervene in nature, Man has been "playing God". Medical practice is just one example. As to the cloning of dictators and celebrities, or the manufacture of a "super race", we all understand that genetic identity does not guarantee identical personality and behavior. These uses, along with the cloning of dead loved ones, are unethical: they inevitably diminish the new individual's sense of esteem and identity because they may consider themselves to be the product of an assembly line.

A. Search, don't file.B. Make an appointment right after work.C. Figure out your core work activities.D. Avoid instant messaging and turn off phones.E. Say no. What would you do if you had an extra hour a day? This is a common barrier I run into when I write about making positive life changes: people don't have time to pursue their dreams. People don't have time to exercise. People don't have time to get organized. Well, it's time to make time. By using some combination of the following, you can free up an hour or more a day. Find the ones that work for you (not all will work for everyone), and then carve out that hour a day. Then make sure you use that extra hour a day in the best way possible—book that hour on your calendar for something you really, really want to do, whether that's work on a goal, write a book, start a business, exercise, read more, or whatever. Don't squander this gift of time! 【R1】______ Whether it's exercise or working on some other goal, make an appointment to do it right when you get out of work (at 5 p. m. , for example). This works especially well if you have to meet someone else, such as a workout partner or other group or team or coach or partner, you'll be sure to meet the appointment, which means you won't stick around work too long, and you'll be sure to finish all your tasks on time so you can leave on time. This makes you more efficient in the afternoon especially. 【R2】______ I'm not saying these types of instant communication don't have their uses, but if they're always on and you're always available, you're always at the mercy of others. Instead, just make yourself available at set times if necessary, or not at all if it's not necessary. You don't have to turn off phones all day long, but you should have some unbroken blocks of time when you don't take calls, so you can concentrate on your important tasks. This allows you to get more done in less time, as phone calls can eat up chunks of your day if you let them. 【R3】______ I used to spend a lot of time filing all my computer files and all my emails into nice, organized folders. I'd spend time every day doing this. Now, I just archive everything, on computer and email, and search when I need something. With Quicksilver on the Mac, every file is within a few keystrokes. With Gmail, every email is accessible instantly. No time spent filing! 【R4】______ What is it that you really have to do each day? I mean, the stuff you have to do or your job would fall apart. If you really think about it, a lot of the tasks you do each day (and phone calls and emails, mentioned above, are included in these tasks) don't really need to be done each day. Sometimes you can do them less often, sometimes you don't need to do them at all. If you can learn to focus on your core activities, you can get your work done in less time. 【R5】______ One of the biggest groups of time eaters is requests from other people. All day long we get requests, in person, on the phone, in email, through paperwork. Meetings, assignments, requests for information, requests to be on a committee or team...these are all requests that will eat up your time. Say no to all but the essentials. Get to the point. While I'm a fan of long, slow conversations, if you're trying to make time for goals, you need to whittle down needlessly long conversations—especially if it's just with a coworker who isn't a close friend. In person or on the phone, you need to get straight to the point with a minimum of chit-chat, and if the other person isn't getting to the point, politely ask what he needs from you.

Directions：Write at least 150 words about the topic：A Better University or a Better Major? You should write according to the outline given below．Write your composition on the Answer Sheet． 1．你认为在研究生学习阶段是选择一个好的学校重要还是选择一个好的专业重要? 2．你的理由是……

BWritingDirections: In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words on the following topic. You could follow the clues suggested by the picture given below. Remember to write the composition clearly on the ANSWER SHEET./B

Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example, by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics. The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this cooperation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.

【T9】

{{B}}Part Ⅰ Oral Communication{{/B}}

{{B}}Paper TwoTranslation{{/B}}

【T16】

The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and can't be told from one another. But many of them still talk about where their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of. The original Americans, of course were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France. One problem the United States has always had is discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst discrimination today is shown towards the Indians. One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a racial group. Although some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped make the United States a great county. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country. Many people still come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need the help of people from all racial groups to remain a great country.

【T9】

{{B}}Section ADirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}