单选题It has happened to most of us at one time or another. You"re strolling along the pavement, when suddenly one shoe gets 11 to the ground. With a sinking feeling, you realize you"ve stepped in chewing gum—or worse. Walking through British towns and cities, it"s often 12 to avoid the litter covered across the pavements, roads and green spaces—anything from food wrappers and cigarette butts to bottles, cans and plastic bags. A shocking 30m tonnes of litter are 13 from our streets every day. 14 numerous anti-litter campaigns over the last decade, the amount of litter being dropped is not decreasing. The latest data shows that while there has been a modest 15 of 3% in the amount of litter compared to the previous year, levels have risen since 2004/05. At first glance, the failure of the current strategy to reduce littering substantially is 16 . There are numerous ongoing anti-litter campaigns backed by 17 . In 2005, the government introduced the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act (CNEA) that gave local authorities new powers to 18 businesses and individuals to get rid of litter from their land and to make companies help clear up the rubbish they generate. But the CNEA"s effectiveness depends on 19 local authorities implement it. It is quite possible that you could be 20 for dropping litter in one district, but cross the road on to another local authority"s patch and not be punished for the same offence.

单选题(To) the (best of) my knowledge, the climate in Arizona is better all (the) (year-round) than (any) other state.

单选题Not wanting to embarrass the new secretary, he ______ many words unsaid.

单选题ost episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply. " Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜). "Your memory itself isn't failing you," says Schacter. "Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed. " Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. " Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness, walking into a room and wondering why you're there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.

单选题A: I'm afraid I can't finish the book within this week.B: ______

单选题She didn"t hope to ______ her cold in a couple of days.

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} There are over 6 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era. But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. "A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language," says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. "Unfortunately, it's a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen." One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said "These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We're teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it's like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. " They also said "The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts." In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33 000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: "Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also {{U}}dismember{{/U}} them. " Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3 000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players. Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?

单选题Man: Penny's still going to Smith College, isn't she?Woman: No. I heard she transferred to Yale.Question: What do they say about Penny?

单选题Man: I need some advice as I have an important interview tomorrow.Woman: Why don't you go ask Nick? He has been a headhunter for 5 years and interviewed a lot of people.Question: What is the job of a headhunter according to the conversation?

单选题A (more sophisticated) analysis shows that an expansion (rather than) a boycott of wood products is (that) we really ought to (be after).

单选题(To) the (best of) my knowledge, the climate in Arizona is better all (the) (year-round) than (any) other state.A. ToB. best ofC. year-roundD. any

单选题He has been at the helm (舵)of the Securities and Exchange Commission for only three months, but William Donaldson has given individual investors reason to believe that he will prove to be an effective champion of their interests as a vigilant regulator of the nation's financial markets. The challenges ahead remain daunting, but Mr. Donaldson is steadily restoring the agency's credibility in the wake of its disastrous stewardship by Harvey Pitt. The SEC. chairman passed his first big test by persuading William McDonough, the respected president of the New York Federal Reserve, to run the new accounting oversight board created by Congress last summer. He has also opened an important inquiry into trading practices at the New York Stock Exchange. The commission has issued rules to tighten corporate boards' oversight over financial audits. Mr. Donaldson should now see that more is done to shore up shareholder democracy. A reassuring sign that there is a new sheriff(治安官)on Wall Street came in the aftermath of the recently announced landmark settlement with 10 brokerage(经纪人业务)firms over their tainted stock research. The SEC. chairman sternly rebuked Philip Purcell, the chief executive of Morgan Stanley, for trying to minimize the extent of his firm's involvement in the scandals. Mr. Donaldson, a former Wall Street banker himself, wrote a letter to Mr. Purcell describing concern over his "troubling lack of contrition" , and reminding him that Morgan could face further legal problems if it denied the settled charges. Besides being unusual, Mr. Donaldson's move was a powerful use of his office's bully pulpit (讲坛). With all the talk about whether the SEC. has enough material resources to pursue corporate malfeasance—the agency's budget is being increased significantly—it was easy in the Harvey Pitt era to forget that a strong SEC chairman can wield a great deal of moral authority. This is especially true given financial institutions absolute need to retain public trust. Mr. Donaldson should be ready to use his bully pulpit often. Wall Street is awash in a "troubling lack of contrition" for its past misdeeds.

单选题A: I noticed a copy of Scientific American on your desk. May I borrow it?B: ______

单选题Effective protection of intellectual property rights can benefit from the education on academic ______.

单选题A: The concert set a record for attendance. B: ______

单选题Woman: Why have we stopped? Man: Well, Mrs. Smith, you are not using your mirror enough. You must check in the mirror before you pull out. But after all, this is only your second lesson. You are doing fine. Question: What is the man's job?

单选题Tim is {{U}}dubious{{/U}} about diet pills which advertise quick weigh loss.

单选题Faith in medicine runs deep in America. We spend more per person on health care than any other nation. Whether we eat too much or exercise too little, whether we're turning gray or feeling blue, we look to some pill or procedure to make us better. We assume that devoting ever more dollars to medicine will bring us longer, healthier lives. But there is mounting evidence that each new dollar we devote to the current health care system brings small and diminishing returns to public health. Today the United States spends more than $4 500 per person per year on health care. Costa Rica spends less than $ 300. Yet life expectancy at birth is nearly identical in both countries. Despite the highly publicized" longevity revolution," life expectancy among the elderly in the United States is hardly improving. Yes, we are an aging society, but primarily because of falling birthrates. Younger Americans, meanwhile, are far more likely to be disabled than they were 20 years ago. Most affected are people in their thirties, whose disability rates increased by nearly 130 percent, due primarily to overweight. Why has our huge investment in health care left us so unhealthy? Partly it is because so many promised" miracle cures," from Interferon to gene therapies, have proven to be ineffective or even dangerous. Partly it's because health care dollars are so concentrated on the terminally ill and the very old that even when medical interventions "work,'" the gains to average life expectancy are small. And partly it is because of medical errors and adverse reaction to prescription drugs, which cause more deaths than motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer or AIDS. Each year roughly 200 000 seniors suffer fatal or life-threatening "adverse drug events" due to improper drug use or drug interaction. Why don't Americans live any longer than Costa Ricans? Overwhelmingly, it's because of differences in behavior. Americans exercise less, eat more, drive more, smoke more, and lead more socially isolated lives. Even at its best, modern medicine can do little to promote productive aging, because by the time most people come in contact with it their bodies are already compromised by stress, indulgent habits, environmental dangers and injuries.

单选题A: I just can't stand this class any more! B: ______ It's required, and you have to sit in it in order to graduate.

单选题Inflation is a period of rapid rises in prices. When your money buys fewer goods so that you get (56) for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when "a dollar is not (57) a dollar anymore". Inflation is a problem for all consumers, especially people who live on a fixed income. Retired people, for instance, cannot (58) on an increase in income as prices rise. They face serious problems in stretching their incomes to (59) their needs in time of inflation. Many retired people must cut their spending to (60) rising prices. In many cases they must stop (61) some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even (62) working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can also be a problem. The (63) of living goes up, and they must have even more money to maintain their standard of living. When incomes do not keep (64) with rising prices, living standard goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living (65) because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes (66) the rate of price change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a (67) year as the base. The base price is set (68) 100, and the other prices are reported as a (69) of the base price. A price index makes (70) possible to compare current price with that in previous years.