He was ______ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.

Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is______with life.

Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the world's largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania's Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife. The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos' natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature Conservancy named the area one of America's "Last Great Places". Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy's Bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14, 000 acres of environmentally important land in the area. Altemose's family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family's land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson. Cook attributes the Conservancy's success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents. "The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community," Cook said. "The people who live there respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort." For more information on how you can help The Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the world's other "Last Great Places", please call 1-888-5646864. Or visit us on the World Wide Web at www.tnc.org. The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of America's "Last Great Places" is to ______.

It used to be so straightforward

The next time the men were taken up onto the deck, Kunta made a point of looking at the man behind him in line, the one who lay beside him to the left when they were below. He was a Serer tribesman much older than Kunta, and his body, front and back, was creased with whip cuts, some of them so deep and festering that Kunta, felt badly for having wished sometimes that he might strike the man in the darkness for moaning so steadily in his pain. Staring back at Kunta, the Serer's dark eyes were full of fury and defiance. A whip lashed out even as they stood looking at each other—this time at Kunta, spurring him to move ahead. Trying to roll away, Kunta was kicked heavily in his ribs. But somehow he and the gasping Wolof managed to stagger back up among the other men from their shelf who were shambling toward their dousing with bucked of seawater. A moment later, the stinging saltiness of it was burning in Kunta's wounds, and his screams joined those of others over the sound of the drum and the wheezing thing that had again begun marking time for the chained men to jump and dance for the toubob. Kunta and the Wolof were so weak from their new beating that twice they stumbled, but whip blows and kicks sent them hopping clumsily up and down in their chains. So great was his fury that Kunta was barely aware of the women singing "Toubob fa!" And when he had finally been chained back down in his place in the dark hold, his heart throbbed with a lust to murder toubob. Every few days the eight naked toubob would again come into the stinking darkness and scrape their tubs full of the excrement that had accumulated on the shelves where the chained men lay. Kunta would lie still with his eyes staring balefully in hatred, following the bobbing orange lights, listening to the toubob cursing and sometimes slipping and tailing into the slickness underfoot—so plentiful now, because of the increasing looseness of the men's bowels, that the filth had begun to drop off the edges of the shelves down into the aisle way. The last time they were on deck, Kunta had noticed a man limping on a badly infected leg. This time the man was kept up on deck when the rest were taken back below. A few days later, the women told the other prisoners in their singing that the man's leg had been cut off and that one of the women had been brought to tend him, but that the man had died that night and been thrown over the side. Starting then, when the toubob came to clean the shelves, they also dropped red-hot pieces of metal into pails of strong vinegar. The clouds of acrid steam left the hold smelling better, but soon it would again be overwhelmed by the choking stink. It was a smell that Kunta felt would never leave his lungs and skin. The steady murmuring that went on in the hold whenever the toubob were gone kept growing in volume and intensity as the men began to communicate better and better with one another. Words not understood were whispered from mouth to ear along the shelves until someone who knew more than one tongue would send back their meanings. In the process, all of the men along each shelf learned new words in tongues they had not spoken before. Sometimes men jerked upward, bumping their heads, in the double excitement of communicating with each other and the fact that it was being done without the toubob's knowledge. Muttering among themselves for hours, the men developed a deepening sense of intrigue and of brotherhood. Though they were of different villages and tribes, the feeling grew that they were not from different peoples or places. The living conditions for the Blacks in the salve ship were ______.

San Francisco ______ for its mild elirnate

Sociologists use the term power to refer to the capacity of people or groups to control or influence the actions of others, whether those others wish to cooperate or not. Sociologists study power to【C1】______not only who exercises it, but also why it is exercised and who benefits from its use. Of the three main types of desirable—wealth, power, and prestige power is the hardest to measure. Most studies of power are nothing more than an average of【C2】______about where power is found. Many forms of power are so【C3】______hidden that only the power holders know their source. Because it is so hard to【C4】______, and because it is so tied to questions of ideology, the subject of power—who holds it and how it is used—is a source of much【C5】______in sociology. Some sociologists maintain that power in America is concentrated in the【C6】______of a few people who have a common【C7】______and who tend to act together(Dom-hoff, 1983, 1978). C. Wright Mills(1956)【C8】______that America is【C9】______by a ""power elite"" and set its total number at no more than 300 people. jOther sociologists believe that power in America is【C10】______among many groups and people(Rose, 1967; Riesman, 1961). Sociologists do agree that real power may not always lie【C11】______we think it does. The mayors of some cities,【C12】______, are sometimes mere figureheads who simply look impressive. The actual decisions are made by a handful of business leaders who stay behind the【C13】______. And some decisions are made at the lowest level, where the work is really【C14】______. Such is the【C15】______with the police officer on the beat or the teacher in the classroom. Clearly, power may exist【C16】______wealth; Not all the rich are powerful, and not all the powerful are rich. But the two【C17】______are closely related. Wealth can sometimes buy power. In national politics, for【C18】______, candidates for office are often wealthy. The Kennedy brothers, the three Rockefeller governors, the Roosevelts, and Ronald Reagan are only a few men of wealth who have become powerful in politics. Moreover, power is often used to【C19】______wealth. How many lawmakers, generals, or labor union heads retire【C20】______poverty?"

Racket, din, clamor, noise

If a scientist holds an idea to be true and finds any counter evidence whatever, the idea is either ______ or abandoned.

The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a ______ visit to theirs.

Eastern medicines are becoming more popular in the west, but few people realize how long the two cultures have exchanged ideas. Now an exhibition at the Science Museum in London explores how the two have interacted on medicine through the centuries. Called East Meets West: Medical Ideas on the Move. It looks at examples of how ideas and technologies have moved from one side of the world to another. It opens on Thursday and is based on an exhibition presented by the Welcome Trust; Neil Fazakerley is curator of the exhibition. He said, "It's attractive because it's taking a medical history story but from a slightly different angle, showing how the different cultures have interacted." "It's obvious that eastern medical practices are becoming more popular in the west but maybe people don't know that ideas have been exchanged for thousands of years and medicine is not a static thing. " The exhibition details four main areas: Ancient Greek and Islamic medical ideas, and how they were reborn into western culture. The exhibition starts in the ninth and tenth centuries when Baghdad was the center of Islamic science and its highly sophisticated medical system. Through the translation work of Persian scholars, ancient Greek medical thought Islamic medical system. It was when westerners started charging into the east on crusades during the twelfth century that European scholars became increasingly interested in Islamic medicine. Arabic material was translated into Latin, the European scholars' language of the time, thus preserving the Greek tradition that may otherwise have been lost. Coexistence of Islamic and Indian traditions and the development of western medicine in colonial India—the traditional Indian medical system, known as ayurveda or "the knowledge of life"—has existed in some form for more than 2,000 years. During foreign invasions from the eleventh century onwards the Islamic unani system of medicine was brought to India. The Indian name for Islamic medicine "unani" refers originally to the Greeks. The two systems complemented each other well and both ayurveda and unani flourish today in India. European colonists from the sixteenth century onwards, gained knowledge of plants, diseases and surgical techniques that were unknown in the West. One such example is rauwolfia (萝芙木) serpentia (姜蛇根), a plant used in traditional Indian medicine. The active ingredient is today used to treat hypertension and anxiety in the west. The flow of ideas turned with the growth of the British Empire in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as many Western style hospitals and medical colleges were established in India. Inoculation—a true example of collaborative medicine. "A good example of the exchange of medical ideas between east and west is that of immunization," the exhibition says. Smallpox inoculation has long been used by physicians in Asia and Africa by deliberately attempting to give people a mild smallpox infection. The technique became known in Europe in the eighteenth century and this technique was practiced for a while on the British aristocracy. The earliest Eastern medical thought brought to European was from ______.

A person's psychological______has much to do with his or her happiness in life.

______ your opinions are worth considering

The joys of travel, having long______the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.

The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U. S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century. Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U. S. economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely. Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits. Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations. The Hudson Institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older workers. Among the report's recommendations. Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers. According to Hudson Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers on the U. S. economy is ______.

In bringing up children

At the party we found that shy girl______her mother all the time.

Public image refers to how a company is viewed by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the financial community, by the communities 1 it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable to considerable extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are. A firm's public image plays a vital role in the 2 of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders 3 stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as 4 special groups. With some things it is impossible to 5 all the diverse publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the approval of creditors and stockholders, but it will undoubtedly find 6 from employees who see their jobs 7 . On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, while low quality products and 8 claims would be widely looked down upon. A firm's public image, if it is good, should be treasured and protected. It is a valuable 9 that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has earned a quality image, this is not easily countered or imitated by competitors. Such an image may enable a firm to 10 higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most 11 creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm's stock to command higher price-earnings ratio than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image. A number of factors affect the public image of a corporation. 12 include physical 13 , contacts of outsiders 14 company employees, product quality and dependability, prices 15 to competitors, customer service, the kind of advertising and the media and programs used, and the use of public relations and publicity.

I am sorry I have no time at present to ______ more detail or give you an account of other cities of interest.

When traveling