According to the instructor

It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an ______ plan.

Police believe that many burglars are amateurs who would flee if an alarm sounded or lights______.

Although Asian countries are generally more ______ in social customs than Western countries, there have been notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.

Technically

Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other "friends" to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to "compartmentalize (划分) friendships, having "friends at work", "friends on the softball team", "family friends", etc. Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly changed atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque (无礼的) or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything "American" in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn't matter because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence. On the other hand, don't expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world. The general topic of the passage is ______.

Linguists have understood for decades that language and thought are closely related. Humans construct reality using thought and express these thoughts through the use of language. Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorl are credited with developing the most relevant explanation outlining the relationship between thought and language, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. The hypothesis consists of two parts, linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism. Supporters of linguistic relativity assume that culture is shaped by language. Terwilliger defines linguistic determinism as the process by which "the functions of one's mind are determined by the nature of the language which one speaks." In simpler terms, the thoughts that we construct are based upon the language that we speak and the words that we use. In its strongest sense, linguistic determinism can be interpreted as meaning that language determines thought. In its weakest sense, language partially influences thought. Whorf was careful to avoid authoritative statements which would permanently commit him to particular position. Because of the broad nature of his statements, it is difficult to distinguish exactly to what extent Whorl believes that language determines thought. Heated debate among modern linguists demonstrates that disagreement exists about the accuracy and correctness of Whorf's studies and of the actual level of influence of language on thought processes. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis essentially consists of two distinct statements connecting the relation of thought and language. Whorf believes that humans may be able to think only about objects, processes, and conditions that have language associated with them. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis also explains the relationship between different languages (French, English, German, Chinese, and so on) and thought. Whorl demonstrated that culture is largely determined by language. Different cultures perceive the world in different ways. Culturally essential objects, conditions and processes usually are defined by a plethora of words, while things that cultures perceive as unimportant are usually assigned one or two words. Whorf developed this theory while studying the Hopi Indian tribe. Whorf was amazed that the Hopi language has no words for past, present, and future. The Hopi have only one word for flying objects. A dragonfly, an airplane, and a pilot are defined using the same word. Whorf questioned whether or not the Hopi view the world differently than western peoples. After further interpretation and analysis he concluded that the Hopi have a sense for the continuum of time despite having no words to specifically describe past, present, and future. It is commonly believed that the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis possesses some truth, but the extent to which it is applicable to all situations is questioned. Linguists generally support a "strong" or a "weak" interpretation. Linguists who study the hypothesis tend to cite examples that support their beliefs but are unable or unwilling to refute the opposing arguments. Examples exist that strengthen the arguments of everyone who studies the hypothesis. Nobody has gained significant ground in proving or refuting the hypothesis because the definitions of Sapir and Whorl are very vague and incomplete, leaving room for a significant amount of interpretation. Advocates of linguistic determinism insist that ______.

Of course

Which is NOT the purpose of Mr. Lewis' visit?

His plan is carefully prepared and full of details, so it is a very ______ one.

Well, no gain without pain, they say

He had been______to appear in court on charges of incitement of lawbreaking.

At the sight of her husband getting off the train, the woman walked forward and______him and stroked his white hair.

You have lived in many foreign countries so I'd expect you to have some sort of ______ people who have just arrived here.

The accident left Tom not so much incapacitated as ______: he was left weak, but the doctors gave him reason to expect ______.

A teacher is one who preaches the way of life

It's never easy for a mighty military to tread lightly on foreign soil. In the case of American forces in South Korea, protectors of the nation's sovereignty since the Korean War, the job is made doubly difficult by local sensitivities arising from a history of foreign domination. So when a few GIs commit particularly brutal crimes against the local populace, it's easy for some South Koreans to ask: Who will guard us from our guardians? That kind of questioning grew more insistent on January 20, when police found the body of a 30-year-old Korean woman, Kang Un-gyong, in the apartment she shared with her American boyfriend. An autopsy showed Kang, who had bruises over most of her face and chest, died after being hit on the back of her head with a blunt object. Her boyfriend, Henry Kevin McKinley, 36, an electrician at the United States military base in Seoul, admitted beating her. McKinley said he pushed Kang, who then struck her head on a radiator, but denied that he tried to murder her. On January 21 McKinley was arrested on charges similar to involuntary manslaughter under Korean law. As a civilian employee of the U. S. military in Korea, he comes under the purview of the Status-of-Forces Agreement between Washington and Seoul. This grants the South Korean government criminal jurisdiction—but not pre-trial custody—over members of American forces in Korea. Because of the gravity of the charges against McKinley, however, the Americans waived their rights to keep him in their custody before trial. The Kang case was only the latest in a series of crimes involving members of U. S. forces and Koreans. Just a few days earlier, a U. S. army sergeant was sentenced to six months in jail for assaulting a local in a subway brawl last May—even though some reports said it was a Korean who instigated the fray. The murder also followed two separate incidents in which American soldiers were indicted on charges of attempted rape. With the spotlight already on the behaviour of American servicemen abroad because of the rape of a 12-year-old girl in Okinawa, allegedly by a group of U. S. soldiers, the Kang murder burst the lid on many Koreans' resentment of the presence of 37,000 American troops in their midst. Official relations between Seoul and Washington remain on an even keel, and most Koreans don't blame the entire U. S. military for the crimes of individual servicemen. But the incidents have played into the hands of those who are questioning the very basis of the American presence in South Korea. Some observers believe the seeds of Koreans' estrangement from the U. S. military were first sown in 1980, when troops under the control of former President Chun Doo Hwan massacred some 200 pro-democracy protesters in the southern city of Kwangju. Many left-wing students—usually at the forefront of anti-government protests—still insist that the U. S. military command acquiesced in the crackdown. But public alienation against U. S. troops really took off after the brutal 1992 murder of a Korean prostitute by an American soldier. Pictures taken at the time—not released publicly but seen by the REVIEW—showed the dead woman's mouth stuffed with matches and a bottle stuck in her vagina. The man convicted of the murder, Pvt. Kenneth Markle of the U. S. army's 2nd Division, received a life sentence, later reduced to 15 years. Cultural misunderstandings haven't helped matters any. Many Koreans believe all GIs are racist young men with little education from rural areas of the U.S. "I've been hit and called names by Koreans, but I didn't respond," says a soldier at Camp Hmnphreys in Pyongtaek. He says the U. S. forces' command "drills it into your head every day: don't fight with a Korean. You can't win." Other factors are also at play, not least the swelling self-confidence of the younger generation of South Koreans, bolstered by their nation's growing economic and political clout. "Once upon a time we needed help from the U.S., and American economic and military aid was very important to Korea," says Nam Chan Soon, a journalist at the Dong-A Ilbo newspaper, "But now times have changed." While the U. S. command recognizes the need to respect Korean sensitivities, it's hard for the Americans to keep a low profile. One reason: The main U. S. military base in Korea is in the Itaewon district—in the very heart of Seoul. Plans to move the base to another location have been put off because of budget constraints. The passage presents the inference that the hostility between GIs and Koreans is caused by ______.

Pronouncing a language is a skill

The secretary wants to______all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party.

Historians such as Le Roy Laduric have used the documents to extract case histories, which have ______ the attitudes of different social groups and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.