单选题His meeting with Picasso was an important ______ in the artist's life. A. lesson B. episode C. scene D. chapter

单选题If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs. The locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious." The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.

单选题Our car trunk ______ with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anything. A. went cramming B. was crammed C. is cramming D. was been crammed

单选题But for his poverty, he______more students living in the poverty stricken areas to go to universities.

单选题On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as a first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (71) themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (72) 10 percent of the previous year's government (73) ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help (74) macroeconomic policies; and (75) up a common central bank. Their declaration (76) that, "Member States (77) the need (78) strong political commitment and (79) to (80) all such national policies (81) would facilitate the regional monetary integration process. The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (82) a broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and (83) institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. (84) independence, (85) , these currency boards were (86) , with the (87) of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance file agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region's countries have to (88) inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional (89) in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be (91) .

单选题In court he repeated his______that he was not guilty in front of the jury. A. impressions B. alliterations C. clauses D. assertions

单选题She was between two very fat women and felt extremely uneasy, ______. A. towed B. tugged C. sandwiched D. wedged

单选题The world"s greatest sporting event, the Olympic Games, upholds the amateur ideal that ______ matters is not winning but participating.

单选题Psychologists have recently mounted an offensive against what they describe as nastiness toward students by educators.

单选题I was deeply impressed by the hostess' ______ and enjoyed the dinner party very much. [A] hostility [B] indignation [C] hospitality [D] humanity

单选题He peered over at the writhing blackness that jerked convulsively with the jerking nerves. It grew quieter. There were small twitches from the mass that still looked vaguely【C1】______the shape of a small animal. It came【C2】______his mind that he could shoot it and end its pain; and he raised the gun. Then he lowered【C3】______again. The buck could no longer feel;its fighting was a mechanical protest of the nerves. But it was not that which made him【C4】______the gun. It was a swelling feeling of rage and misery and protest that【C5】______itself in the thought: if I had not come it【C6】______like this, so why should I interfere? All over the bush things like this happen;they happen all the time;this is how life goes on, by living things dying in anguish. I can't stop it. There is nothing I can do. He was glad that the buck was unconscious and had gone past suffering【C7】______he did not have to make a decision to kill it. At his feet, now,【C8】______ants trickling back with pink fragments in their mouths, and there was fresh acid smell in his nose. He sternly controlled the【C9】______convulsing muscles of his empty stomach, and reminded himself: the ants must eat too. The shape had grown small. Now it looked like nothing recognizable. He did not know how long it was【C10】______he saw the blackness thin, and bits of white showed through, shining in the sun — yes, there was the sun just up, glowing over the rocks. Why, the whole thing could not have taken longer【C11】______a few minutes. He strode forward, crushing ants with each step, and brushing them【C12】______his clothes till he stood above the skeleton. It was clean-picked. It might have been lying there for years,【C13】______on the white bone there were pink fragments of flesh. About the bones ants were ebbing away, their pincers【C14】______meat. The boy looked at them big black ugly insects.【C15】______were standing and gazing up at him with small glittering eyes. "Go away!" he said to the ants very coldly. "I am not【C16】______you not just yet, at any rate. Go away. "And he fancied that the ants turned and went away. He bent over the bones and touched the sockets in the skull: that was where the eyes were, he thought incredulously,【C17】______the liquid dark eyes of a buck. That morning, perhaps an hour ago, this small creature had been stepping【C18】______through the bush, feeling the chill on its skin even as he himself had done, exhilarated by it. Proudly stepping the earth,【C19】______a pretty white tail, it had sniffed the cold morning air. Walking like kings and conquerors it had moved freely through this bush, where each blade of grass grew for it【C20】______and where the river ran pure sparkling water for it to drink.

单选题{{B}}Passage 4{{/B}} The history of responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli (1444-1510) suggests gests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticelli's work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellow Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticelli's work remained out side of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes. ) The primary reason for Botticelli's unpopularity is not difficult to understand: most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not Seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentine art. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro. Another reason for Botticelli's unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art. In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticelli's work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, as well as by the' writer Pater (although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticelli's personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticelli's work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentines-features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves-rather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Home's emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Botticelli's achievements.

单选题During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable top soil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.

单选题The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.

单选题Although this theory was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned ______the opposing view.

单选题Her panic was {{U}}transient{{/U}}, and ceased when she began to speak.

单选题The principle of the social character of the school as the basic factor in the moral education given may be also applied to the question of methods of instruction, not in their details, but in their general spirit. The emphasis then fells upon instruction and giving out, rather than upon absorption and mere learning. We fail to recognize how essentially individualistic the latter methods are, and how unconsciously, yet certainly and effectively, they react into the child's ways of judging and of acting. Imagine forty children all engaged in reading the same books, and in preparing and reciting the same lessons day after day. Suppose this process constitutes by far the larger part of their work, and that they are continually judged from the standpoint of what they are able to take in a study hour and reproduce in a recitation hour. There is next to no opportunity for any social division of labor. There is no opportunity for each child to work out something specifically his own, which he may contribute to the common stock, while he participates in the productions of others. All are set to do exactly the same work and turn out the same products. The social spirit is not cultivated, in fact, in so far as the purely individualistic method gets in its work, it atrophies for lack of use. The child is born with a natural desire to give out, to do, to serve. When this tendency is not used, when conditions are such that other motives are substituted, the accumulation of an influence working against the social spirit is much larger than we have any idea of, especially when the burden of work, week after week, and year after year, falls upon this side. But lack of cultivation of the social spirit is not all. Positively individualistic motives and standards are inculcated. Some stimulus must be found to keep the child at his studies. At the best this will be his affection for his teacher, together with a feeling that he is not violating school rules, and thus negatively, if not positively, is contributing to the good of the school. I have nothing to say against these motives so far as they go, but they are inadequate. The relation between the piece of work to be done and affection for a third person is external, not intrinsic. It is therefore liable to break down whenever the external conditions are changed. Moreover, this attachment to a particular person may become so isolated and exclusive as to be selfish in quality. In any case, the child should gradually grow out of this relatively external motive into an appreciation, for its own sake, of the social value of what he has to do, because of its larger relations to life, not pinned down to two or three persons. But, unfortunately, the motive is not always at this relative best, but mixed with lower motives which are distinctly egoistic. Fear is a motive which is almost sure to enter in, not necessarily physical fear, or fear of punishment, but fear of losing the approbation of others; or fear of failure, so extreme as to be morbid and paralyzing. On the other side, emulation and rivalry enter in. Just because all are doing the same work, and are judged (either in recitation or examination with reference to grading and to promotion) not from the standpoint of their personal contribution, but from that of comparative success, the feeling of superiority over others is unduly appealed to, while timid children are depressed. Children are judged with reference to their capacity to realize the same external standard. The weaker gradually lose their sense of power, and accept a position of continuous and persistent inferiority. The effect upon both self-respect and respect for work need not be dwelt upon. The strong learn to glory, not in their strength, but in the fact that they are stronger.

单选题 Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury. Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength. Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity (湿度), into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed. once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurricane will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the stoma. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.