单选题Passage 5 Extraordinary creativity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it maybe valid for the sciences. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and the end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. The goat of highly creative art is very different; the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare's Hamlet is not a piece of writing about the indecisive princes or the uses of political power; not is Picasso's painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form. This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle in the history of an artistic field. But whether or not a work of art establishes a new principle in the history of art has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, although it has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention, a close study of his compositions reveals that he overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits--the rules, forms and conventions that he inherited from Hayden and Mozart Handel and Bach -- in strikingly original ways.

单选题The media's ______ in the presidents private life switched the attention away from the real issues.

单选题The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the______of investigations.(2002年中国科学院考博试题)

单选题It wasn't until the late 19th century that physicians realized that its ______ symptoms were all part of the same disease. A. perfunctory B. peremptory C. perplexing D. perambulatory

单选题Jim had to______all his strength to pull the man out of the river.

单选题Whether the giant panda belonged to the bear of raccoon families was a matter of zoological {{U}}contention{{/U}} for years.

单选题Recycling wastes slows down the rate ________ which we use up the Earth’s finite resources.

单选题The Chernobyl was regarded as a serious accident because ______.

单选题Despite what I’d been told about the local people’s attitude to strangers, _________ did I encounter any rudeness.

单选题My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has______.(2004年上海理工大学考博试题)

单选题One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.

单选题The athlete practised strenuously in order to______on his previous record.

单选题Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, A(who are) our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life was the unfolding of a person's potentialities; B( what mattered to) them was the person C(who is much), not the one D(who has much or use much).

单选题{{B}}Section A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} In our society the razor of necessity cuts close. You must make a buck to survive the day. You must work to. make a buck. The job is often a chore, rarely a delight. No matter how demeaning the task, no matter how it dulls the senses or breaks the spirit, one must work. Lately there has been a questioning of this "work ethic", especially by the young. Strangely enough, it has touched off profound grievances in others hitherto silent and anonymous. Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show of discontent by blue collar and white. On the evening bus the tense, pinched faces of young file clerks and elderly secretaries tell us more than we care to know. On the expressways middle-management men pose without grace behind their wheels, as they flee city and job. In all, there is more than a slight ache. And there dangles the impertinent question: Should there not be another increment, earned though not yet received, to one's daily work—an acknowledgment of a man's being? In fact, what all of us are looking for is a calling, not just a job. Jobs alone are not being enough for people.

单选题Signs of aging are unavoidable, ______ of particular interest to cosmetic companies.

单选题 In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills (垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled(回收利用)in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life--and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials. Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $ 100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.

单选题A recent study examined men's attitudes to women, life goals and gender roles and the findings indicate that the popular image of men as insensitive, macho slobs has almost disappeared. The report found that modern British men have accepted the feminist revolution and have become more feminine in the process. "Men have turned into metrosexuals." Paradoxically, the term "metrosexual", which is now being embraced by marketers, was coined in the mid-90's to mock everything marketers stand for. Mark Simpson used the word to satirize what he saw as consumerism's toll on traditional masculinity. Men didn't go to shopping malls, buy glossy magazines or load up on grooming products, Mr. Simpson argued, so consumer culture promoted the idea of a sensitive guy — who went to malls, bought magazines and spent freely to improve his personal appearance. Within a few years, British advertisers and newspapers picked up the term. In 2001, Britain's Channel Four brought out a show about sensitive guys called "metrosexuality". And in recent years the European media found a metrosexual icon in David Beckham, the English soccer star, who paints his fingernails, braids his hair and poses for gay magazines, all while maintaining a manly profile on the pitch. The challenge of the marketers is still to convince men that it is perfectly normal to groom. What separates the modern-day metrosexual is a care-free attitude toward the inevitable suspicion that a man who dresses well, has good manners, or has opinions on women's fashion is gay. Some metrosexuals may simply be indulging in pursuits they had avoided for fear of being suspected as gay.

单选题The system has a different morality as a group than the people do as individuals, which permits it to______ineffective or dangerous products, deal dictatorially and often unfairly with suppliers, pay bribes for business, abrogate the rights of employees by demanding blind loyalty to management or tamper with the democratic process of government through illegal political contributions.