单选题Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To make repayment for this offense, society must get equally balanced, which can be done only by imposing an equal injury upon him. This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modern times, which is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will eliminate this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his life will pay his debt The demand for the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him what he deserves. Modern jurists have tried to replace deserved-punishment justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. Therefore, his conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.

单选题Because it is tuned a fifth lower, the viola produces a sound that is Umore resonant/U than that of the violin.

单选题Today's scientists are no longer constrained simply by the laws of nature, ______ in the past, but also by the laws (and attitudes) of the land.

单选题4 Publication of this survey had originally been intended to coincide with the annual meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, scheduled for Septem ber 29th-30th in Washington, D.C. Those meetings, and the big anti-globalization pro tests that had been planned to accompany them, were among the least significant casualties of the terrorist atrocities of September 11th. You might have thought that the anti-capitalist protesters, after contemplating those horrors and their aftermath, would be regretting more than just the loss of a venue for their marches. Many are, no doubt. But judging by the response of some of their leaders and many of the activists ( if Internet chat rooms are any guide), grief is not always the prevailing mood. Some anti-globalists have found a kind of consolation even a cause of satis faction, in these terrible events--that of having been as they see it, proved right. To its fiercest critics, globalization, the march of international capitalism, is a force for oppression, exploitation and injustice. The rage that drove the terrorists to commit their obscene crime was in part, it is argued, a response to that. At the very least, it is suggested, terrorism thrives on poverty and international capitalism, the protesters say, thrives on poverty too. These may be extreme positions, but the minority that holds them is not tiny, by any means. Far more important, the anti-globalists have lately drawn tacit support if nothing else, reluctance to condemn—from a broad range of public opinion. As a result, they have been, and are likely to remain, politically influential. At a time such as this, sorting through issues of political economy may seem very far removed from what matters. In one sense, it is. But when many in the West are contemplating their future with new forebod ing, it is important to understand why the skeptics are wrong; why economic integration is a force for good; and why globalization, far from being the greatest cause of poverty, is its only feasible cure. Undeniably, popular support for that view is lacking. In the developed economies, support for further trade liberalization is uncertain; in some countries, voters are down right hostile to it. Starting a new round of global trade talks this year will be struggle, and seeing it through to a useful conclusion will be. The institutions that in most people's eyes represent the global economy—the IMF, the World Bank and the World Trade Organiza tion are reviled far more widely than they are admired; the best they can expect from opin ion at large is grudging acceptance. Governments, meanwhile, are accused of bowing down to business: globalization leaves them no choice. Private capital moves across the planet unchecked. Wherever it goes, it bleeds democracy of content and puts "profits be fore people".

单选题Feminist critics have long debated the extent to which gender plays a role in the creation and interpretation of texts. Androgynist poetics, rooted in mid-Victorian women"s writing, contends that the creative mind is sexless, but from the 1970s on, many feminist critics rejected the idea of the genderless, mind, finding that the imagination cannot evade conscious or unconscious structures of gender which is part of culture-determination where separating imagination from the self is impossible. The Female Aesthetic, expressing a unique female consciousness in literature, spoke of the "female vernacular, the Mother Tongue, a powerful but neglected women"s culture." Virginia Woolf discusses how a woman writer seeks within herself "the pools, the depths, the dark places where the largest fish slumber," inevitably colliding against her own sexuality to confront "something about the body, about the passions." Accessible to men and women alike, but representing female sexual morphology, this method sought a way of writing which literally embodied the female, thereby fighting the subordinating, linear style of classification or distinction. It must be admitted that there are problems with the Female Aesthetic that feminist critics themselves recognized. For instance; they avoided defining exactly what constituted their writing style, as any definition would then categorize it and safely subsume it as a genre under the linear patriarchal structure—its very restlessness and ambiguity defied identification as part of its identity. Some feminists and women writers could feel excluded by the surreality of the Female Aesthetic and its stress on the biological forms of female experience, which also bear close resemblance to essentialism. Men may try their hand at writing woman"s bodies, but according to the feminist critique, only a woman whose very biology gave her an edge could read these texts successfully—a position which, worst of all, risked marginalization of women"s literature and theory. Later, Gynocritics attempted to resolve some of these problems, by agreeing that women"s literature lay as the central concern for feminist criticism but rejecting the concept of an essential female identity and style, while simultaneously seeking to revise. Freudian structures by emphasizing a Pre-Oedipal phase wherein the daughter"s bond to her mother inscribes the key factor in gender identity. Matriarchal values dissolve intergenerational conflicts and build upon a female tradition of literature rather than the struggle of Oedipus and Lais at the crossroads. Lastly and most promising in its achievement of a delicate balance are developments of an over-arching gender theory, which considers gender, both male and female, as a social construction built on biological differences. Gender theory proposes to explore ideological inscription and the literary effects of the sex/gender system, opening up the literary theory stage and bringing in questions of masculinity into feminist theory. Taking gender as a fundamental analytic category brings feminist criticism from the margin to the center, though it risks depoliticizing the study of women.

单选题To compensate for the substantial decline in the availability of fossil fuels in future years, we will have to provide at least ______ alternative energy source.

单选题The primary objective of Basic Econometrics is to provide an elementary but a {{U}}comprehensive{{/U}} introduction to the art and science of econometrics.

单选题Unfortunately not all of us obtain our just______in this life.

单选题Through most city traffic is regulated by automatic traffic lights, the city's residents are notorious for ignoring them.

单选题I can"t ______ him from his brother. They look very much alike.

单选题Passages 2 Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse. The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A. D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first the artist take a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press. Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wiped it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink. Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.

单选题General Liu Baicheng was always commended for his wise and timely military decision in the critical moments.

单选题In ______ to your appeal, I'm enclosing a check for $ 200.

单选题The term "New Australians" came into vogue in the 50s and 60s, which implied that the goal of immigration was assimilation and that migrants would place their new-found Australian identity ahead of the ______ context from which they had come. (2003年北京大学考博试题)

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单选题The United States was trying hard {{U}}to smoke the enemy out of the holesin{{/U}} the target country．

单选题Two substitutes were used during the basketball games.