单选题Superficial differences between the special problems and techniques of the physical sciences and those of the biological sciences are sometimes cited as evidence for the ______of biology and for the claim that the methods of physics are therefore not adequate to biological inquiry.

单选题The Japanese dollar-buying makes traders eager to ______ dollars in fear of another government intervention. A. let in B. let out C. let go of D. let off

单选题 The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northern most state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely operating. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents, "long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil. One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagements and even theft the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.

单选题The tender woman felt that keeping silent might be the only or the ______ way out of the miserable situation. A. sustainable B. sanitary C. sensible D. sensational

单选题We must safeguard against coerced confessions.

单选题All of the following can be inferred form the passage except that ______.

单选题Centuries of wind and rain had worn away the ______ on the gravestones. A. descriptions B. prescriptions C. inscriptions D. conscriptions

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} The graceful wooden windmills—a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips—that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines. Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the "urban turbine" is a high-tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftops of busy cities. Lighter, quieter, and often more efficient than rural counterparts, they take advantage of the extreme turbulence and rapid shills in direction that characterize urban wind patterns. Prototypes have been successfully tested in several Dutch cities, and the city government in the Hague has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US$8, 000 to US$12, 000 and can generate between 3,000 and 7,000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. A typical Dutch household uses 3,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10, 000 kilowatt hours. But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercial buildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weighs roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a roof in a few hours without using a crane. Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but the ever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. The Netherlands, with 16 million people crowded into a country twice the size of Slovenia, is the most densely populated in Europe. Problems remain, however, such as public safety concerns, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturers. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbines. People don't know what it would be like to work there, in an office next to one of the big turbines. It might be too hectic. Meanwhile, projects are under way to use minimills to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. "I think the thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations," said Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. "It's a very local technology, and you can use it right in your backyard. I don't think anybody wants a nuclear power plant in their backyard."

单选题To their great surprise, they found the floodwater had damaged the building's foundation. A. underlain B. underlined C. undertaken D. undermined

单选题The management should give______to the workers' safety operation over every other consideration.

单选题Please do not be______ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.(2004年3月中国科学院考博试题)

单选题______ all customs, no matter how sacrosanct, are essentially learned reactions appropriate perhaps only to the holders thereof is a basic assumption of anthropologists.

单选题What does the author think about trying to find weaknesses in other people' s research?

单选题Streets in the United States are ______by motor vehicles.

单选题{{B}}Passage 6{{/B}} What do the extraordinarily successful companies have in common? To find out, we looked for operations. We know that correlations are not always reliable; nevertheless, in the 27 survivors, our group saw four shared personality traits that could explain their longevity (长寿). {{U}}Conservatism in financing.{{/U}} The companies did not risk their capital gratuitously (无缘无故地). They understood the meaning of money in an old-fashioned way; they knew the usefulness of spare cash in the kitty. Money in hand allowed them to snap up (抓住) options when their competitors could not. They did not have to convince third-party financiers of the attractiveness of opportunities they wanted to pursue. Money in the kitty allowed them to govern their growth and evolution. {{U}}Sensitivity to the world around them.{{/U}} Whether they had built their fortunes on knowledge or on natural resources, the living companies in our study were able to adapt themselves to changes in the world around them. As wars, depressions, technologies, and politics surged and ebbed (潮起潮落), they always seemed to excel at keeping their feelers out, staying attuned to whatever was going on. For information, they sometimes relied on packets carried over vast distances by portage and ship, yet they managed to react in a timely fashion to whatever news they received. They were good at learning and adapting. {{U}}Awareness of their identity.{{/U}} No matter how broadly diversified the companies were, their employees all felt like parts of a whole. Lord Cole, chairman of Unilever in the 1960s, for example, saw the company as a fleet of ships. Each ship was independent, but the whole fleet was greater than the sum of its parts. The feeling of belonging to an organization and identifying with its achievements is often dismissed softly, but case histories repeatedly show that a sense of community is essential for long-term survival. Managers in the living companies we studied were chosen mostly from within, and all considered themselves to be stewards of a longstanding enterprise. Their top priority was keeping the institution at least as healthy as it had been when they took over. {{U}}Tolerance of new ideas.{{/U}} The long-lived companies in our study tolerated activities in the margin: experiments and eccentricities that stretched their understanding. They recognized that new businesses may be entirely unrelated to existing businesses and that the act of starting a business need to be centrally controlled. W. R. Grace, from its very beginning, encouraged autonomous experimentation. The company was founded in 1854 by an Irish immigrant in Peru and traded in guano, a natural fertilizer, before it moved into sugar and tin. Eventually, the company established Pan American Airways. Today it is primarily a chemical company, although it is also the leading provider of kidney dialysis (透析) services in the United States. By definition, a company that survives for more than a century exists in a world it cannot hope to control. Multinational companies are similar to the long-surviving companies of our study in that way. The world of a multinational is very large and stretches across many cultures. That world is inherently less stable and more difficult to influence than a confined national habitat. Multinationals must be willing to change in order to succeed. These four traits form the essential character of companies that have functioned successfully for hundreds of years. Given this basic personality, what priorities do the managers of living companies set for themselves and their employees?

单选题Building the Bird's Nest calls for giant curving beams which crisscross in an ______ pattern of woven steel. A. intuitive B. intensive C. intrinsic D. intricate

单选题I admit I have made a mistake, ______ I deny the serious consequence it may have.

单选题The good news______us, for we had been very anxious.

单选题When I found the light switch, the unshaded bulb only illuminated two small cats, sitting on the table ______ round the inside of the empty ham tin.

单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give rise to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier. When the eye is fixed on a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Shouted, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over a very brief time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously. As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect becomes more persistent in the sense that it takes the eye longer to regain its sensitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an "afterimage" superimposed on the second. The effect not only is present over the actual area causing the "local adaptation" but also spreads with decreasing strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce "lateral adaptation." Also, because of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole eye.