单选题4 As children get older, self-discipline should take the place of imposed discipline. Con strains become internalized and children begin to weigh from within the validity of their promptings (敦促) . But their tendency to be self-critical, to develop a code of their own, depends on the extent to which they must have kept critical company. The dialogue within reflects the dialogue without that is why discussion is so important during adolescence. Those in authority over children will, therefore, attempt to get children to do what is sen sible by appealing to their common sense instead of ordering them around or appealing to their own status. They will not say, "I'm your father and I'm telling you not to smoke," but will point out the dangers involved. It is a further question, however, whether a child's acceptance of good reasons should be the criterion for his action. If a parent explains to a child why it is stupid and wrong to put objects on railway lines, and yet sees him do ing so, will he stand aside and reflect that the boy is learning to choose? Parents must weigh their own fundamental principles against what is instructive for their children. Example, of course, is crucial. Parents and others must provide a pattern out of which the child can eventually develop his own style of self-regulation. This is not likely to happen unless exercise of authority is rationalized and sensitively adapted to age, to per sons, and to the tasks in hand. For the young will tightly rebel against the irrational ex pression of a traditional status. In brief, teachers and parents must learn to be in authority without being authoritarian.

单选题The low-lying areas refer to those regions that ______.

单选题In the southwestern part of the United States ______ built in the last century.

单选题Sudden disastrous external stress such as in severe automobile accidents, airplane crashes, and underwater explosions may cause death through rupture of the major arteries.

单选题The necessity of establishing discrete categories for observations frequently leads to attempts to make absolute ______ when there are in reality only

单选题He is constantly late, and ill-prepared when he does finally arrive. He is jeopardizing his future.

单选题The idea of building "New Towns" to absorb growth is frequently considered a cure-all for urban problems. It is erroneously assumed that if new residents can be diverted from existing centers, the present urban situation at least will get no worse. It is further and equally erroneously assumed that since European New Towns have been financially and socially successful, we can expect the same sorts of results in the United States. Present planning, thinking, and legislation will not produce the kinds of New Town that have been successful abroad. It will multiply suburbs or encourage developments in areas where land is cheap and construction profitable rather than where New Towns are genuinely needed. Such ill-considered projects not only will fail to relieve pressures on existing cities but will, in fact, tend to weaken those cities further by drawing away high-income citizens and increasing the concentration of low-income groups that are unable to provide tax revenues. The remaining taxpayers, accordingly, will face increasing burdens, and industry and commerce will seek escape. Unfortunately, this mechanism is already at work in some metropolitan areas. The promoters of New Towns so far in the United States have been developers, builders, and financial institutions. The main interest of these promoters is economic gain. Furthermore, federal regulations designed to promote the New Town idea do not consider social needs as the European New Town plans do. In fact, our regulations specify virtually all the ingredients of the typical suburban community, with a bit of political rhetoric thrown in. A workable American New Town formula should be established as firmly here as the national formula was in Britain. All possible social and governmental innovations as well as financial factors should be thoroughly considered and accommodated in this policy. Its objectives should be clearly stated, and both incentives and penalties should be provided to ensure that the objectives are pursued. If such a policy is developed, then the New Town approach can play an important role in alleviating America's urban problems.

单选题The sentence given to the criminal was much too ______;murder should carry the maximum penalty.

单选题Since you have failed three of the last four tests, you cannot afford to be ______ about passing for the term.

单选题The six survivors lived through their North Sea ______ because of the special rubber suits they were wearing. A. tenure B. persecution C. treachery D. ordeal

单选题(Just as) children the world over (like) Christmas rooming, (adults so like) Christmas evening when (peace and calm) return to the household.

单选题Every child should establish the ______ ideal to contribute to the modernization of our country.

单选题Joe puts too much ______ on pills from the drugstore and does not listen to his doctor. A. appliance B. defiance C. reliance D. compliance

单选题Despite her nerves, she walked towards her groom with no regrets about choosing such a ______ time to get married. A. momentary B. momentous C. monotonous D. monstrous

单选题Obviously, African art is neither anti-classical nor anti-naturalistic: to be either it______its roots in Classicism or in Naturalism, both European in origin.

单选题Reading became difficult for the old lady, so the optician, ______ her a pair of glasses to make her reading possible. A. proscribed B. inscribed C. prescribed D. described

单选题{{B}}Passage Six{{/B}} Participant observation also reflects anthropology's dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline. Through the stress on participation and getting the insider's view, anthropologists of necessity become personally involved with their subjects. They show a humanistic concern for the people they study, and through their attempts to understand and describe people's behavior they help give outsiders a rich appreciation for other people and other ways. Nevertheless, with its stress on observation, anthropologists strive to fulfill the requirements of a scientific discipline. Anthropologists strive for objectivity and accuracy. They often actually count, for example, the number of times specific behavior patterns occur and under what circumstances they use this data for empirical studies that integrate their observations into general laws of human behavior. Understanding anthropology requires understanding its dual nature. Perhaps two inelegant but useful terms borrowed from linguistics will help. Emic refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) through which the bearers of a particular culture perceive the world. Eric refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) used by Western social scientists to explain the word. In other words, the emic view is the insider's, the participant's view, and the etic is the outsider's, the scientific observer's view. Pierre's emic view of his death, for exam- pie, is that he died from the power of the sorcerer; the anthropologist's "etic view" is that he died from physiological effects of fear, induced by his belief in the sorcerer. Both views are valid under the proper circumstances, but anthropology requires that they be clearly distinguished from each other because they derive from different methodologies, consist of different kinds of data, and lead to different types of knowledge. Together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture. Anthroplogy's uniqueness lies in the fact that it encompasses them both.

单选题"Illiterates", according to Hillerich, are best defined as people who ______.

单选题Classroom testing, if well done, most certainly ______ a stimulus to study and real learning.