单选题We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through ______.

单选题The ideological make-up of the unions is now______different from what it had been.(四川大学2010年试题)

单选题In most American cities, the rent for a one-bedroom apartment was ＄ 250 or more per month in recent years. In some smaller cities such as Louisville, Kentucky or Jacksonville, Florida the rent was less, but in larger cities it was more. For example, if you lived in Los Angeles, you had to pay ＄ 400 or more to rent a one-bedroom apartment, and the Same apartment rented for ＄ 625 and up in Chicago. The most expensive rents in the U.S. were in New York City, where you had to pay at least ＄ 700 a month to rent a one-bedroom apartment in most parts of the city. Renters and city planners are worried about the high cost of renting apartments. Many cities now have rent-control laws to keep the cost of renting low. These laws help low-income families who cannot pay high rents. Rent control in the United States began in 1943 when the government imposed rent controls on all American cities to help workers and the families of soldiers during World War Ⅱ. After the war, only one city—New York—continued these World War H controls. Recently, more and more cities have returned to rent controls. At the beginning of the 1980s, nearly one fifth of the people in the United States lived in cities with rent-control laws. Many cities have rent-control laws, but why are rents so high? Builders and landlords blame rent controls for the high rents. Rents are high because there are not enough apartments to rent, and they blame rent controls for the shortage of apartments. Builders want more money to build more apartment buildings, and landlords want more money to repair their old apartment buildings. But they cannot increase rents to get this money because of the rent-control laws. As a result, landlords are not repairing their old apartments, and builders are not building new apartment buildings to replace the old apartment buildings. Builders are building apartments for high-income families, not low-income families, so low-in- come families must live in old apartments that are in disrepair. Builders and landlords claim that rent-control laws really hurt low-income families. Many renters disagree with them. They say that rent control is not the problem. Even without rent controls, builders and landlords will continue to ignore low-income housing because they can make more money from high-income housing. The only answer, they claim, is more rent controls and government help for low-income housing.

单选题The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is ______.

单选题In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called "classical conditioning". This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother's face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called " operant conditioning. " This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more. Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.

单选题The blunder of Argentina's goalie cost them the game in the match against Brazil.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)

单选题It's time-consuming to locate the book in the bookcase, because the way he arranges books is quite ______. A. mighty B. wholesome C. undesirable D. random

单选题2 Every time a person eats something he makes a nutritional decision. He accepts or re jects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects food for himself at many places in the community, such as supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and food counters in drugstores. These selections make a difference in how an individual looks, how he feels, and how well he can work and play. When a good assortment of food in appropriate amounts is selected and eaten, the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to allow one to be as active as one needs and wants to be. When choices are less than desirable, the consequences are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both. Studies of diets of individuals in the United States show that food selection is a highly individual matter, even among young children. Furthermore, far too many individuals of all ages are making poor choices day after day and are either now living with the conse quences or will be in the future. Nutritionists and workers in allied professions have been concerned about helping peo ple learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can add up to a good diet. Most people believe that they are well fed--that the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick, neither are they hungry. However, their nutrition is usually poor in one respect or another. Milk and milk products, such as cheeses, ice cream or milk, buttermilk, and yogurt, are often slighted. Then people may skip many fruits and vegetables, particularly those that are good sources of vitamins A and C. These include dark green leafy vegetables, deep yellow vegetables, and citrus fruits and vegeta bles, such as cabbage, tomatoes, and green peppers. Every American has the right to choose to be uniformed about nutrition as well as to be informed. If a person believes that she is well fed, attitudes, habits, and information cannot be forced upon her. There are life situations, however, that tend to cause all individuals to want to know how to make the best choices. For example, a young couple is starting a family and must prepare food for young children.

单选题A narrow path______the stream to the other side of the park.

单选题What should the sovereign do when there appeared one dominant religion?

单选题Nxele denounced sorcery, adultery, ______, incest, extortion, and murder; he would not eat prepared food, which he said was unclean, and stopped drinking milk.

单选题What's the best summary for this passage?

单选题 Directions: For each numbered blank in, the following passage there are four choices marked A, B, C and D listed below. Choose the correct answer. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change {{U}}(1) {{/U}} the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes {{U}}(2) {{/U}} considered taboo can become perfectly {{U}}(3) {{/U}} and natural {{U}}(4) {{/U}} another point in time. Topics such as death, fro example, were once considered so {{U}}(5) {{/U}} and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the {{U}}(6) {{/U}} of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more {{U}}(7) {{/U}} of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, {{U}}(8) {{/U}} a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject. One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. {{U}} (9) {{/U}} many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to fat. The " {{U}}(10) {{/U}} " look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their {{U}}(11) {{/U}} as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought {{U}}(12) {{/U}} as lazy and {{U}}(13) {{/U}} in energy, self-discipline and self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way. they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out". It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become {{U}}(14) {{/U}} with staying slim and "in shape". The {{U}}(15) {{/U}} of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, their sole reason for America's obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the {{U}}(16) {{/U}} importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style Of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do {{U}}(17) {{/U}} hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and {{U}}(18) {{/U}} to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with runners and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly found {{U}}(19) {{/U}} , and many companies are providing special exercise {{U}}(20) {{/U}} for their employees to use during the work day.

单选题Their reflexive mindset tells scientists that all claims, ______political, moral, or religious are open to examination and critique.

单选题Although he has had no formal education, he is one of the ______ businessmen in the company. [A] shrewdest [B] sternest [C] nastiest [D] alertest

单选题A jungle is a thick, tangled mass of tropical plant life. Low bushes, ferns, vines, and young trees grow very (1) . In fact, people often must use an ax or long knife to (2) the growth. Most (3) are found near the equator, in South America, Africa, and parts of Asia. Many people are confused by the difference (4) a tropical rain forest and a jungle. Tropical rain forests have tall trees. These prevent (5) from reaching the forest floor. A jungle, however, can grow only (6) tall trees do not block the sun. Very often, when tropical rain forests are (7) , the jungle moves in to take over the now-sunny forest floor. At different heights the jungle offers (8) kinds of plant and animal life. At ground level huge palms and ferns grow, much (9) they did in prehistoric times. Ants are the commonest (10) there. For that reason, anteaters (11) on the jungle floor. Jaguars, tapirs, armadillos, and snakes are also (12) sights in the jungle. Twenty-five feet (13) from the jungle floor, sunlight streams through trees that are alive with animal and insect life. (14) the air is always hot and humid, all life moves at an easy pace. Lizards, tree-dwelling anteaters, wild turkeys, sloth, and kinkajous, who live (15) ants and insects, can find their food very easily. To get food, they never even have to (16) the trees. About seventy-five feet above the ground monkeys playfully maneuver among the scattered tall trees. Around them fly the brilliantly colored birds (17) which the jungle is famous. Parrots, macaws, and toucans shrilly break the jungle (18) . Their (19) can be clearly heard. When the birds and (20) look down to the jungle floor, they are seeing jungle life as it has been for millions of years.

单选题Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, 41 into a hobby and lately has 42 into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates 43 Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep 44 of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they 45 that their homebrewed lists were becoming too long and 46 . Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo. During 1994, they 47 yahoo into a customized database designed to 48 the needs of the thousands of users 49 began to use the service through the closely 50 Internet community. They developed customized software to help them 51 locate, identify and edit material 52 on the Internet. The name Yahoo is 53 to stand for "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle", but Filo and Yang insist they selected the 54 because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first 55 on Yang"s workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was 56 on Filo"s computer, "Konishiki". In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files 57 to larger computers 58 at Netscape. As a result Stanford"s computer network returned to 59 , and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo 60 . organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. War has escaped the battlefield and now can, with modern guidance systems on missiles, touch virtually every square yard of the earth's surface. War has also lost most of its utility in achieving the traditional goals of conflict. Control of territory carries with it the obligation to provide subject peoples certain administrative, health, education, and other social services. Such obligations far outweigh the benefits of control. If the ruled population is ethnically or racially different from the rulers, tensions and chronic unrest often exist which further reduce the benefits and increase the costs of domination. Large populations no longer necessarily enhance state power and, in the absence of high levels of economic development, can impose severe burdens on food supply, jobs, and the broad range of services expected of modern governments. The noneconomic security reasons for the control of territory have been progressively undermined by the advances of modern technology. The benefits of forcing another nation to surrender its wealth are vastly outweighed by the benefits of persuading that nation to produce and exchange goods and services. In brief, imperialism no longer pays. Making war has been one of the most persistent of human activities in the 80 centuries since men and women settled in cities and thereby became "civilized", but the modernization of the past 80 years has fundamentally changed the role and function of war. In premodernized societies, successful warfare brought significant material rewards, the most obvious of which were the stored wealth of the defeated. Equally important was human labor--control over people as slaves or levies for the victor's army, and there was the productive capacity--agricultural lands and mines. Successful warfare also produced psychic benefits. The removal or destruction of a threat brought a sense of security, and power gained over others created pride and national self-esteem. War was accepted in the premodernized society as a part of the human condition, a mechanism of change, and an unavoidable, even noble, aspect of life. The excitement and drama of war made it a vital part of literature and legends.

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} When I was a child in Sunday school, I would ask searching questions like "Angels can fly up in heaven, but how do clouds hold up pianos?" and get the same puzzling response about how that was not important, what was important was that Jesus died for our sins and if we accepted him as our savior, when we died, we would go to heaven, where we'd get everything we wanted. Some children in my class wondered why anyone would hang on a cross with nails stuck through his hands to help anyone else; I wondered how Santa Claus knew what I wanted for Christmas, even though I never wrote him a letter. Maybe he had a tape recorder hidden in every chimney in the world. This literal-mindedness has stuck with me; one result of it is that I am unable to believe in God. Most of the other atheists I know seem to feel freed or proud of their unbelief, as if they have cleverly refused to be sold snake oil. My husband, who was reared in a devout Catholic family, has served as an altar boy. So other than baptizing our son to reassure our families, we've skated over the issue of faith. Some people believe faith is a gift; it's a choice, a matter of spiritual discipline. I have a friend who was reared to believe, and he does. But his faith has wavered. He has struggled to hang onto it and to pass it along to his children. Another friend of mine never goes to church because she's a single mother who doesn't have the gas money. But she once told me a day when she was washing oranges as the sun streamed onto them. As she peeled one, the smell rose to her face, and she felt she received the Holy Spirit. "He sank into my bones," she recounted. "I lifted my palms upward, feeling filled with love." Being no theologian, and not even a believer, I am not in a position to offer up theories, but mine is this: people who receive faith directly, as a spontaneous combustion of the soul, have fewer questions. They have been sparked with a faith that is more unshakable than that of those who have been taught.