单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. There can be no question about the dangers of heroin use. What may start out innocently enough as a desire to experience a new kind of high may progress with extreme rapidity to an almost continuous type of nightmare existence. The heroin user may begin by snorting or inhaling the drug, progress to "skin popping" (injecting it beneath the skin), and end up "mainlining" it (injecting it directly into the bloodstream). If a hypodermic syringe is not available, the user may sever an artery and pour the heroin in with a spoon. Once users are "hooked", their entire lives become centered upon this white powder. They will do anything--lie, steal, cheat, even kill--to get that next fix. After a while, riley do not even experience a high; they simply need the drug to avoid the terrors of withdrawal. The habit demands more and more, and still more, of the drug. Even a highly paid corporation executive would find it difficult to support such a habit. Usually, the only way the addict can get enough money is through crime or prostitution. Thus, crime associated with heroin addiction is not a direct effect of the drug, but stems from the need to support the habit. In fact, heroin is an extremely effective depressant, which markedly reduces such motivational states as hunger and sex. How is it that this innocent-looking white powder can come to dominate the life of the abuser so completely? Within the first minute of heroin injection, there is a sudden, climactic rush of feeling. This extremely pleasurable experience is followed by a "high" which is characterized by lethargy, emotional detachment, a sense of well-being, and deep feelings of contentment. To illustrate, a heroin abuser may spend hours before a TV set, watching the dancing images on the screen without becoming emotionally involved in the program content. But then comes the crushing aftermath. As the high begins to subside, so also does the sense of well-being. The euphoria of a moment ago is replaced by gnawing feelings of apprehension and anxiety. The bizarre cycle culminates in an overwhelming sense of panic as the addict begins a frantic search for tile next fix. The victims of heroin addiction are legion--the addicts themselves, their families, and those they have robbed or otherwise brutalized in their quest for the "big H". In recent years another innocent victim of heroin addiction has come to light, the newborn infant of an addicted mother. Studies of infants born to heroin-addicted mothers have found that more than two-thirds start out life as addicts. Within 96 hours of birth, most will show signs of withdrawal, including extreme irritability, tremors, and vomiting. The incidence of withdrawal symptoms in the newborn depends on how long the mother has been addicted, on the amount of heroin she has taken, and on how close to delivery she was when she took her last dose. Traces of drugs taken as little as ten minutes prior to delivery have been found in newborns.

单选题The kitchen was small and______ so that the disabled woman could reach everything without difficulty.(2003年中国科学院考博试题)

单选题I was lucky because I had turned my back on______, pursuing instead common-sense reality.

单选题Nowadays the scattering of galaxies and the astounding abundance of stars are forcing those who ponder such matters to a further adjustment of their concept of the place and function of a man in the material universe. In the history of the 1 human mind, with its increasing knowledge of the surrounding 2 , there must have been a time when the philosophers of the 3 tribes began to realize that the world was not simply centered on a man himself. The geocentric concept, which accepted a universe centered on the earth, then became common 4 . The second adjustment in the understanding of a man"s 5 to the physical universe was not generally acceptable 6 the sixteenth century. Copernican revolution soundly 7 the heliocentric concept—the theory of a universe 8 on the sun. A man is a stubborn adherent to official dogma; 9 , however, he accepted the sun as the center. Then, forty years ago, came the need for a third adjustment. This 10 has deeply exploded a man"s pride and 11 , for it has carried with it the knowledge of the 12 number of galaxies. The galactocentric universe 13 puts the earth and its life near the 14 of one great galaxy in a universe of millions of galaxies. A man becomes peripheral among the billions of stars of his own Milky Way; and, according to the revelations of paleontology and geochemistry, he is 15 and apparently transient in the 16 of cosmic time. The downgrading of the earth and sun and the elevation of the galaxies is not the end of this 17 of scientific pilgrims through philosophic fields. The need for another 18 adjustment now 19 —not wholly unexpected by scientists, 20 wholly the result of one or two scientific revelations. Our new problem concerns the spread of life throughout the universe. As unsolicited spokesmen for all the earthly organisms of land, sea, and air, we ask the thrilling question: are we alone?

单选题Disguised as fiction, novels are sometimes ______ accounts of actual.

单选题Because the workers were new and inexperienced, the manager had to watch them and______ their work closely.

单选题Don't call him just a college professor. Internet entrepreneur, TV personality, adviser to presidents, and friend to the rich and powerful would be more accurate. Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. is better known for his activities outside the academy. This week he sold Africana. com, a website he created with a fellow Harvard University professor, to Time Warner. Terms of the deal weren't revealed, though the Wall Street Journal pegged the price at more than $10 million, with Gates reaping up to $ I million. Time Warner will incorporate the site, a portal with news and information about people of African descent, into America Online when the two merge as expected. The sense is that Gates got a very good deal. The site is a rich source of scholarship but hardly a rich source of revenue. As recently as the late 1980s Gates, who turns 50 this week, was an obscure professor penning books on literary theory only a graduate student could love. Now he can't be avoided, He hosted a series about Africa on public television, writes occasional articles for the New Yorker, and even advises the Gore presidential campaign. He counts director Steven Spielberg, Microsoft's Bill Gates and President Clinton as friends. "They're not intimate friends," he insists. Indeed, Gates has evolved into a kind of expert on everything African-American. "He remains the go-to person on the state of African-American affairs," said Perry Steinberg, head of American Program Bureau, a lecture agency. The 30 or so speeches Gates delivers each year are another source of income for the professor. With fame comes controversy. Several other black intellectuals have taken him to task for not being confrontational enough. Gates has heard it before. "Me? Critics? Oh, what a shock!" But he considers himself more a descendent of historian and educator W. E. B. Du Bois than of Malcolm X. His ultimate goal is to build the field of Afro-American studies. "Fifty years from now I want there to be at least 10 great centers of Afro-American studies," he says. If working as a consultant on Spielberg's historical film Amistad or giving A1 Gore advice helps, so be it.

单选题I decided to _________ between Ralph and his brother, who were arguing endlessly.

单选题Some teachers______their students' poor performance partially to a lack of intelligence.

单选题Language can be defined as a tool by which human beings______with one another.

单选题Given the persistent and intransigent nature of the American race system, which proved quite impervious to black attacks, Du Bois in his speeches and writings moved from one proposed solution to another and the salience of various parts of his philosophy changed as his perceptions of the needs and strategies of black American shifted over time. A. vigilant B. inadvertent C. impenetrable D. incongruous

单选题As you have seen, the value of a nation's currency is a ______ of its economy. A. reaction B. response C. reflection D. revelation

单选题In its early days, a penny paper often ______.

单选题A guide dog for a blind person must show good ______ and be able to follow some commands.

单选题Banking and financial systems are full of ______and corruption hinder the region's successes.

单选题Everyone was obligated to adapt their ways to these overarching rules, as they were commonly understood, and anyone could reasonably judge others, wherever they lived, by their degree of conformity to the ______ principle. A. fluid B. poignant C. vexatious D. immutable

单选题Chaucer has been called the Father of Poetry by ______ generations.

单选题Passage 2 French are elegant people. They are artists in everyday life, having a very good taste in everything. They don't like American tourists wearing jeans to go into their luxurious and exquisite five-star restaurants. So one of the restaurants put a notice outside its front door. It read "No trousers, please!" A gourmet coffee was sold in Tokyo as an antidote to stress. Its name supposedly meant to people that it would soothe the troubled breast. Yet when it was printed in English, it turned out to be "Ease Your Bosoms". Swedes started a promotion stunt to promote the sales of their vacuum cleaner named Electro. Their original ad slogan was translated as "Nothing Sucks Like Electro". The General Motors' selling of Chevrolet was very bad in South America. And the reason? The translation of this brand sounds like "no va", which means "It doesn't go" in Spanish. When Pepsi-cola invaded the huge Chinese and German markets, the efforts initially fizzled. The product's slogan, "Come alive with the Pepsi generation", was rendered into German as "come out of the grave with Pepsi". Coca-Cola discovered something had gone wrong in China. The Chinese characters chosen for the world-famous product sound like "Bite the Wax Tadpole". A beer company's slogan "Turn it loose" became, in Spanish, equivalent to "suffer from diarrhea". A company translated its sticky tape slogan into Japanese and came up with a sticky problem. The slogan "Sticks like crazy" became literally "it sticks foolishly" in Japanese. A tonic produced in China is made of royal jelly and is supposed to be very effective for some chronic diseases. Yet it was translated as "oral liquid", which means "saliva" in English. In the brochure, it was described in this way: "it tastes like medicine", when the language in the original meant to use it as a food therapy. Even the wrong nonverbal cue can bring havoc to a product. A baby food company initially packaged their African products just the same as in the U.S.--with a cute baby picture on the jar. They didn't realize that because so many Africans cannot read, nearly all packaged products sold in African carry pictures of what is inside. Pureed baby! How horrible! In an Asian city, where traffic is really very bad, to secure people's safety, the municipal government has built underground passageways. Pedestrians are asked to use them whenever they need to cross the main street. A sign was posted once on the roadside, pointing to the entrance to an underground passageway, intending to notify English-speaking passengers, "Go underground". We chuckled at such clumsy translations. Is there anything wrong in the language? We must be aware that few words and idioms can be literally translated. It's best to hire the best for translation. Don't take it for granted that as long as one speaks a little English, he is autonomously able to do the translation. It takes a while to learn to be a good translator.

单选题I don't know how to interpret her remark. I think it was deliberately______.(2003年上海交通大学考博试题)