单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are twenty blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the right word or phrase from the choices given below for each of the blanks. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning. Educators find that {{U}}(21) {{/U}} toddlers are more likely to succeed during. their school careers. {{U}}(22) {{/U}} their younger counterparts are more likely to {{U}}(23) {{/U}}. Kindergarten children who turn five during the {{U}}(24) {{/U}} half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it {{U}}(25) {{/U}} physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten {{U}}(26) {{/U}} to receive better grades and score higher on achievement {{U}}(27) {{/U}} throughout their schooling experience {{U}}(28) {{/U}} do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the {{U}}(29) {{/U}} thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today's children {{U}}(30) {{/U}} inner maturity. Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: Youngsters {{U}}(31) {{/U}} parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have {{U}}(32) {{/U}} anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fall to maintain their initial academic advantage {{U}}(33) {{/U}} their less-pressured peers. Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting. They question {{U}}(34) {{/U}} environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non-disadvantaged home. They do not deny, however, the {{U}}(35) {{/U}} of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children {{U}}(36) {{/U}} freedom to play, develop at their own {{U}}(37) {{/U}} , and evolve their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now {{U}}(38) {{/U}} of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4- year-olds. These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too {{U}}(39) {{/U}} and thereby depriving them of their {{U}}(40) {{/U}}.

单选题Question 16-20 ale based On the following dialogue：

单选题After you've start to master the techniques, the real struggle is just beginning. It's______that makes you great. A. persistence B. insistence C. continuation D. mentality

单选题In the United States and many other countries around the world, there are four main ways for people to be 41 about developments in the news: newspapers, magazines, and radio or television news broadcasts. A person may use one, or all, of these 42 for information. Each source is useful in its 43 way. Newspapers and magazines can give much information about a particular event. They may 44 some history of the event, some of its 45 , some of its effects, or perhaps give a(n) 46 or point of view on a particular development. Radio and television can help a person to be well informed about what is happening each day. It is also 47 to listen to radio or watch TV 48 do something else at the same time. Many people can listen to the news on their car radio while driving 49 . For the student of English as a foreign language, an English language newspaper may be the most helpful news source that will also 50 you practice in reading English. Most daily English language newspapers are not very hard to find. They are interesting and helpful in many 51 . In some of them, you may be able to find news about your 52 country. You will find news and information about important national and international political 53 . 54 what you are interested in, you can probably find something in the newspaper about it. A(n) 55 in the newspaper may help you solve a problem. Other stories may be about good movies, concerts, or TV shows. Usually, an English language newspaper has several 56 or parts. Each part of the newspaper 57 stories about different kinds of news. Some sections have a lot of advertisements which may be helpful if you want to save money. By reading the advertisements, you may find something you want 58 sale. Or you may find that two stories axe advertising the 59 thing, but at one store the price is lower. Other sections may have 60 . advertisements or have only a specific type of advertisement to interest the people.

单选题The repression in the Netherlands, instead of solving a crucial problem, elicited bitter criticism from every major European state. Alba was unrepentant about his tough policy convinced that the population must remain in a state of fear, so that every individual has the feeling that one fine night or morning the house will fall in on him. Of the leading dissidents who escaped from Alba's hands, only William of Orange remained. Tall, dark-haired, with a small moustache and a short peaked beard, the prince of Orange-Nassau was aged thirty-five at the moment that fortune left him in the unenviable role of defender of his country. A comrade-in-arms of Philip during the latter's years abroad in mid-century, he never made a secret of his concern for the privileges of his class or of his dislike for religious dogmatism. Widowed in 1558, in 1561 he married Anne, the Lutheran daughter of the late Maurice of Saxony. The marriage, celebrated in Leipzig, gave him a useful link with the princes of the Holy Roman Empire. When news came of Alba's departure from Spain, Orange opportunely took refuge in Germany. it became clear that the only way to regain the Netherlands was by the use of arms. In the course of 1568 Orange sponsored invasions by several small forces, which entered from France and from Germany. All were defeated. Captured prisoners gave details of Orange's links with Protestants in several countries. The invasions could not fail to affect the fate of the distinguished prisoners in Alba's hands. On 5 June 1568, in the public square of Brussels, the counts of Egmont and Homes were beheaded for high treason. The executions shocked opinion throughout Europe. The two nobles, as knights of the Golden Fleece, could be tried only by their peers. But Philip, grand master of the order, had cleared the way for the trial by a special patent which he had drawn up in April 1567 and sent to Alba in December. There is no doubt that Philip considered Egmont responsible for much of the trouble in Flanders, but the pressure for an exemplary punishment came rather from the members of his council, particularly [it seems] from cardinal Espinosa. Alba had always regretted the need to arrest the two counts, whom "I have always loved and esteemed as my own brothers." According to some, he was reluctant to proceed to execution. Philip wrote formally to Alba: "I very deeply regret that the offenses of the counts were so serious that they called for the punishment that has been carried out." The remorse, which came too late, was probably sincere. The counts were victims of a political crisis. Their names, interestingly enough, continued to be held in honour at the Spanish court. A book on the events of Flanders published in Castile a few years later, when all books had to be licensed by the royal council, referred to them as "outstanding princes, well loved and of the highest and finest character./

单选题Angus Graham is the person who can advise you best. ____, he is coming here tomorrow.

单选题In the______of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $ 30 million.

单选题The history of African-Americans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated (21) an ongoing straggle against (22) and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a straggle (23) as an upward movement is (24) toward ever more justice and opportunity. Technology in and of (25) is not at fault; it's much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics (26) been the enemy of an (27) group of people. A certain machine is put (28) work in a certain way-the purpose (29) which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to (30) a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply, (31) the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization (32) the Renaissance. Mastery of technology is second only (33) money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by (34) this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have (35) it, blacks are allowing (36) to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be (37) from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs (38) ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city. And blacks must change as well. The ways that (39) their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks (40) to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.

单选题Death ensued as a result of suffocation. A. heart failure B. an accident C. disease D. asphyxiation

单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} The need for solar electricity is clear, it is safe, ecologically sound, efficient, continuously available, and is has no moving parts. The basic problem with the use of solar photovoltaic devices is economics, but until recently very little progress has been made toward the development of low-cost photovoltaic devices. The larger part of research funding has been devoted to study of single-crystal silicon solar cells, despite the evidence, including that of the leading manufacturers of crystalline silicon, that the technique holds little promise. The reason for this pattern is understandable and historical. Crystalline silicon is the active element in the very successful semiconductor industry, and virtually all of the solid state devices contain silicon transistors and diodes. Crystalline silicon, however, is particularly unsuitable to terrestrial solar cells. Crystalline silicon solar cells work well and are successfully used in the space program, where cost is not an issue. While single crystal silicon has been proven in extraterrestrial use with efficiencies as high as 18 percent, and other more expensive and scarce materials such as gallium arsenide can have even higher efficiencies, costs must be reduced by a factor of more than 100 to make them practical for commercial use. Beside the fact that the starting crystalline silicon is expensive, 95 percent of it is wasted and does not appear in the final device. Recently, there have been some imaginative attempts to make polycrystalline and ribbon silicon, which are lower in cost than high-quality single crystals. But to date the efficiencies of these apparently lower-cost arrays have been unacceptably small. Moreover, these materials are cheaper only because of the introduction of disordering in crystalline semiconductors, and disorder degrades the efficiency of crystalline solar cells. This dilemma can be avoided hy preparing completely disordered or amorphous materials. Amorphous materials have disordered atomic structure as compared to crystalline materials. That is, they have only short-range order rather than the long-range periodicity of crystals. The advantages of amorphous solar cells are impressive. Whereas crystals can be grown as wafers about four inches in diameter, amorphous materials can be grown over large areas in a single process. Whereas crystalline silicon must be made 200 microns thick to absorb a sufficient, amount of sunlight for efficient energy conversion, only I micron of the proper amorphous materials is necessary. Crystalline silicon solar cells cost in excess of $100 per square foot, but amorphous films can be created at a cost of about 50 per square foot. Although many scientists were aware of the very low cost of amorphous solar cells, they felt that they could never be manufactured with the efficiencies necessary to contribute significantly to the demand for electric power. This was based on a misconception about the feature which determines efficiency. For example, it is not the conductivity of the material in the dark which is relevant, but only the photoconductivity, that is the conductivity in the presence of sunlight. Already, solar cells with efficiencies well above 6 percent have been developed using amorphous materials, and further research will doubtless find even less costly amorphous materials with higher efficiencies.

单选题When he arrived, he found ______ the aged and the sick at home.

单选题We went to see the exhibition ______ the storm.

单选题The newspaper reported on the initiative of the organization to establish a private company to professionally ______ prisoners due to be released from prison.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Choose as your answer the word that best fits the blank. On your answer sheet, circle the corresponding letter. My knees were shaking. I{{U}} (41) {{/U}}afraid{{U}} (42) {{/U}}with them,{{U}} (43) {{/U}}I{{U}} (44) {{/U}}myself out on the path to follow them. Amara's husband{{U}} (45) {{/U}}coming back and saw me. "{{U}} (46) {{/U}}my age mates {{U}}(47) {{/U}}this witchcraft. You come back with me and keep watch{{U}} (48) {{/U}}my wife. Help me guard {{U}}(49) {{/U}}body. He will kill her and I cannot prevent it. But he{{U}} (50) {{/U}}killed her in vain. He shall not eat her body." It was dark inside the reception hut, and very quiet. The women{{U}} (51) {{/U}}kept watch over Amara, and her co-wife still sat with her. The man stood looking down upon her. A man must never call his wife{{U}} (52) {{/U}}her name and may never touch her{{U}} (53) {{/U}}public. The man knelt{{U}} (54) {{/U}}his wife. "Child of Lam." She did not{{U}} (55) {{/U}}. Tentatively he{{U}} (56) {{/U}}his hand on her forehead. Perhaps he thought she heard,{{U}} (57) {{/U}}he added bravely, "{{U}} (58) {{/U}}will happen to you, Amara{{U}} (59) {{/U}}wife.." He clasped her hand in{{U}} (60) {{/U}}. We sat on in silence waiting for Amara to die.

单选题Some 23 million additional U. S. residents are expected to become more regular users of the U. S. health care system in the next several years, thanks to the passage of health care reform. Digitizing medical data has been promoted as one way to help the already burdened system manage the surge in patients. But putting people's health information in databases and online is going to do more than simply reduce redundancies. It is already shifting the very way we seek and receive health care. "The social dynamics of care are changing," says John Gomez, vice president of Eclipsys, a medical information technology company. Most patients might not yet be willing to share their latest CT scan images over Facebook, he notes, but many parents post their babies' ultrasound images, and countless patients nowadays use social networking sites to share information about conditions, treatments and doctors. With greater access to individualized health information — whether that is through a formal electronic medical record, a self-created personal health record or a quick instant-messaging session with a physician — the traditional roles of doctors and patients are undergoing a rapid transition. "For as long as we've known, health care has been like this, I go to the physician, and they tell me what to do, and I do it," says Nitu Kashyap, a physician and research fellow at the Yale Center for Medical Informatics. Soon more patients will be arriving at a hospital or doctor's office, having reviewed their own record, latest test results and recommended articles about their health concerns. And even more individuals will be able to skip that visit altogether, instead sending a text message or e-mail to their care provider or consulting a personal health record or smart phone application to answer their questions. These changes will be strengthened by the nationwide shift to electronic medical records, which has already began. Although the majority of U. S. hospitals and doctors' offices are still struggling to start the changeover, many patients already have electronic medical records, and some even have partial access to them. The My Chart program, in use at Cleveland Clinic, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and other facilities, is a Web portal(门户)through which patients can see basic medical information as well as some test results. Medical data is getting a new digital life, and it is jump-starting a " fundamental change in how care is provided," Gomez says.

单选题The apartment was______at $20,000 and its owner was happy about that. (2009年北京航空航天大学考博试题)

单选题He gave each servant a ______ present of a hundred dollars every Christmas.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Question 1-5 are based on the following passages. The main idea of these business--school academics is appealing. In a word where companies must adapt to new technologies and source of competition, it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder. Yet it is also more necessary than ever for employees to invest in better skills and sparkle with bright ideas. How can firms get the most out of people if they can no longer offer them protection and promotion? Many bosses would love to have an answer. Sumantrra Ghoshal of the London Business School and Christopher Bartlett of the Harvard Business School think they have one: "Employability." If managers offer the right kinds of training and guidance, and change their attitude towards their underlings, they will be able to reassure their employees that they will always have the skills and experience to find a good job--even if it is with a different company. Unfortunately, they promise more than they deliver. Their thoughts on what an ideal organization should accomplish are hard to quarrel with: encourage people to be creative, make sure the gains from creativity are shared with the pains of the business that can make the most of them, keep the organization from getting stale and so forth. The real disappointment comes when they attempt to show how firms might actually create such an environment. At its nub is the notion that companies can attain their elusive goals by changing their implicit contract with individual workers, and treating them as a source of value rather than a cog in a machine. The authors offer a few inspiring example of companies--they include Motorola, 3M and ABB--that have managed to go some way towards creating such organizations. But they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it, and leave the biggest questions unanswered. How do you continuously train people, without diverting them from their everyday job of making the business more profitable? How do you train people to be successful elsewhere while still encouraging them to make big commitments to your own firm? How do you get your newly liberated employees to spend their time on ideas that create value, and not simply on those they enjoy? Most of their answers are platitudinous, and when they are not they are unconvincing.