单选题Content is the subject matter of architecture, the element in architectural expression that communicates specific meanings that______to society the functions and techniques of buildings.

单选题Since "special creationism" was an ideological target of Darwin's, he found himself in a quandary . Although he did not abandon his theory, he admitted that natural selection played a much smaller part in evolution than he had previously claimed.

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} It was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York. First, part of a building on West 140th Street, in Harlem, fell down. Beds tumbled through the air, people slid out of their apartments and onto the ground, three people died, and the Red Cross was there, helping shocked residents find temporary shelter, and food and clothing. Then it was back downtown for that evening's big fund-raiser, the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance, at the Pierre. "That's why I have bad hair tonight," Said Christopher Peake, a Red Cross spokesman who had spent much of the day at the Harlem scene, in the drizzling rain. He was now in a tuxedo, and actually his hair didn't look so bad, framed by a centerpiece of tulips and jonquils, and perhaps improved by subdued lighting from eight crystal chandeliers. Definitely not having a bad-hair night was Elizabeth Dole, the wife of Senator Robert Dole and the president of the American Red Cross. President Dole has chestnut-colored Republican hair, which was softly coifed, and she was wearing a fitted burgundy velvet evening suit ("Someone made it for me! I love velvet, she exclaimed, in her enthusiastic, Northern Carolina hostess voice) and sparkling drop earrings. Of course, she hadn't been standing in the rain in Harlem; she had just flown up on the three-o'clock shuttle from Washington. Dole is extremely pretty, with round green eyes and a full mouth and a direct personality. She tilts her head attentively when she listens. She was the recipient of the evening's award; previous award winners have included Alice Tully, Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, ...and, most recently, Brooke Astor. Not exactly a sequence at the end of which you would expect to find Elizabeth Dole, but award givers are famous for having political instincts as well as philanthropic ones. Surrounded by the deep-blue swags and golden draperies of the ballroom were more than thirty-five dinner tables set with groupings of candles and floral centerpieces and Royal Doulton china, American Express was there. So were Bristol-Myers Squibb; Coopers the New York Life; ...and Price Waterhouse. The actress Arlene Dahl, with her rather red hair and her bearded husband, presided over one table. Otherwise, it was a typical, faceless, captain-of-industry fund raiser (No models! No stars!), of which there seems to be at least one every night in New York City. It was not a society night, 'but still the evening raised four hundred and thirty thousand dollars.

单选题The cargo box has a label"______" on it. Please handle it with care.(2004年北京大学考博试题)

单选题Could you possibly ______ me at the next committee meeting?

单选题Here, the very important concept of the tool must enter into our consideration of purposive action. The primary form of the teleological sequence is that in which our action produces reactions in an external object, and these reactions, following a course determined by their own nature. Culminate in the desired effects. The use of tools involves interposing another factor between the subject and this object, a factor that occupies an intermediate position not only in terms of space and time but also in terms of its content. For on the one hand a tool is a mere object which is mechanically effective, but on the other hand it is also an object that we not merely operate upon, but operate with, as with our own hands. The tool is an intensified instrument, for its form and existence are predetermined by the end. Whereas in the primary teleological process natural objects are only later made to serve our purposes. The person who plants a seed in order to enjoy the fruit of the plant at a later date, instead of being satisfied with wild fruits, acts teleologically, but the purposive action is limited to his hand. If, however, he uses a spade and hoe he removes himself further from the point at which natural processes operate by themselves, and he enhances the subjective factor in relation to the objective factor. By using tools we deliberately add a new link to the chain of purposive action, thus showing that the straight road is not always the shortest. The tool is typical of what we might call our creations in the external world; on the one hand it is formed exclusively by our own powers, and on the other it is devoted entirely to our own purposes. Because the tool is not itself an end it lacks the relative independence that the end implies, either as an absolute value or as something that will produce an effect upon us; it is an absolute means. The principle of the tool is not only effective in the physical world. Where self-interest is not focused directly upon material production, but mental conditions or non-material events are involved, the tool attains a still more refined form, inasmuch as it is now really the creation of our will and does not have to compromise with the attributes of a material substance that is fundamentally alien to purpose. The most typical instances of this kind of tool are perhaps social institutions, by means of which the individual can attain ends for which his personal abilities would never suffice. Membership of a state provides the protection that is a prerequisite for most individual purposive action; but leaving aside this most general aspect, the particular institutions of civil law make possible for the individual achievements that would otherwise be denied to him. In the roundabout legal forms of contract, testament, adoption, etc, the individual possesses a collectively established tool that multiplies his own powers, extends their effectiveness and secures their ends. Fortuitous elements are eliminated and the homogeneity of interests makes possible an increase in the services rendered: from the interaction of individuals there develop objective institutions which become the junction of countless individual teleological sequences and provide an efficient tool for otherwise unattainable purposes. It is the same with religious rites, which are tools of the Church, serving to objectify the typical emotions of the religious community. They are, no doubt, a digression from the ultimate end of religious sentiment, but a digression by means of a tool which, in contrast to all material tools, serves exclusively those ends that the individual is otherwise unable to attain.

单选题Though the wide universe is full of good, kernel of nourishing corn can come to(man) (only through) his own toil (bestowed) that plot of ground which is given him (bestowed).

单选题China Daily never loses sight of the fact that each day all of us ______ a tough, challenging world.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to act a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. In the health care industry, however, the doctor-patient relationship is a mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician, the physician usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return "next Wednesday", whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor's judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician who is the real "consumer". As a consequence, the medical staff represents the "power centre" in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration. Although usually, there are in this situation four identifiable participants--the physician, the hospital, the patient and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government) -- the physician makes the essential decision for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician, the payer generally meets most of the bona fide bills generated by the physician/ hospital, and for the most part, the patient plays a passive role. In routine or minor illensses, or just plain worries, the patient's options are, of course, much greater with respect to use and price. But in illnesses that are of some significance, such choice tends to evaporate. And it is for these illnesses that the bulk of the health care dollar is spent. We estimate that about 75 --80 percent of health care expenditures are determined by physicians. For this reason, economy measures directed at patients or the general public are relatively ineffective.

单选题Valvular heart diseases are quite common, essentially resulting in impaired blood flow and were very difficult to treat. Some 30 years ago, it became possible to replace .diseased valves with prostheses to impose a greater control over blood flow. Early devices were of the mechanical variety, in which devices like ball-in-a-cage or tilting disc would be used to allow blood to flow under near-normal conditions. Although a few mechanical problems were encountered in the early days, the major difficulty lay with the tendency for any foreign material to initiate a blood clot. So, all valve recipients have to be given anticoagulant therapy. This is not particularly desirable for the patients, who may develop bleeding problems, and in any case is not always successful. Although good results are achieved with these valves, it was considered necessary to develop alternatives and the direction was that of natural tissues. It's not possible to transplant heart valves untreated because of rejection phenomena, but it became apparent that collagenous tissue could be cross-linked by glutaraldehyde and prepared in the form of a heart valve. Two sources of tissue were considered for this purpose, bovine pericardium ( collagenous tissue derived from the wall of a cow's heart) and porcine valves (heart valves taken from pigs) and the resulting "bioprosthetic valve" appeared to be very promising. It was particularly important that these patients didn't need anticoagulation. Unfortunately, these valves have not proved very durable, the cross-linked collagen suffering from slow calcification and deterioration so most of the replacement valves themselves need to be replaced within a decade. This would tend to suggest that the mechanical valves give superior performance, notwithstanding the anticoagulation problem, and a move back towards their use might have been expected. However, most of the valves in current use incorporate an alloy'( usually Stellite) for the housing, and a carbon coated occuluder. The complex shapes of some of the housing have required combinations of casting and welding technologies to be used in their construction and serious problems have arisen with a valve design from one manufacturer, where a small number of catastrophic fractures have occurred within the housing. In patients where this valve has been used to treat aortic valve disease, this fracture is usually fatal and although the risks are small, the problem is important to the industry. Also, at a time when this dichotomy is exercising the minds of surgeons, scientists and regulatory bodies alike, the emergence of the disease BSE in cattle has placed even further restrictions on the use of animal tissue for this type of application and the whole question of prosthetic heart valves has been turned from a reasonable successful example of reconstructive implant surgery to a very confused area. This serves to highlight some of the very varied problems of facing the use of biomaterials.

单选题He is ______ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year. [A] optimistic [B] optional [C] outstanding [D] obvious

单选题I have to say this, but this coat you've just bought is made of______ fur; it's not real mink.(2006年清华大学考博试题)

单选题Jane tried to______ at the swinging rope, but failed.

单选题On turning round the comer we saw the road______ steeply.

单选题The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also a large number of social customs.

单选题 The Aleuts, residing on several islands of the Aleutian Chain, the Pribilof Islands, and the Alaskan peninsula have possessed a written language since 1825, when the Russian missionary Ivan Venation selected appropriate characters of the Cyrillic alphabet to represent Aleut speech sounds, recorded the main body of Aleut vocabulary and formulated grammatical rules. The Czarist Russian conquest of the proud, independent sea hunters was so devastatingly thorough that tribal traditions, even tribal memories, were almost obliterated. The slaughter of the majority of an adult generation was sufficient to destroy the continuity of tribal knowledge, which was dependent upon oral transmission. As a consequence, the Aleuts developed a fanatical devotion to their language as their only cultural heritage. The Russian occupation placed a heavy linguistic burden on the Aleuts. Not only were they compelled to learn Russian to converse with their overseers and governors, but they had to learn Old Slavonic to take an active part in church services as well as to master the skill of reading and writing their own tongue. In 1867, when the United States purchased Alaska, the Aleuts were unable to break sharply with their immediate past and substitute English for any one of their three languages. To communicants of the Russian Orthodox Church a knowledge of Slavonic remained vital as did Russian, the language in which one conversed with the clergy. The Aleuts came to regard English education as a device to wean them from their religious faith. The introduction of compulsory English schooling caused a minor renascence of Russian culture as the Aleut parents sought to counteract the influence of the schoolroom. The harsh life of the Russian colonial rule began to appear more happy and beautiful in retrospect. Regulations forbidding instruction in any language other than English increased its unpopularity. The superficial alphabetical resemblance of Russian and Aleut linked the two tongues so closely that every restriction against teaching Russian was interpreted as an attempt to eradicate the Aleut tongue. From the wording of many regulations, it appears that American administrators often had not the slightest idea that the Aleuts were clandestinely reading and writing their own tongue or even had a written language of their own. To too many officials, anything in Cyrillic letters was Russian and something to be stamped out. Bitterness bred by abuses and the exploitations the Aleuts suffered from predatory American traders and adventurers kept alive the Aleut resentment against the language spoken by Americans. Gradually despite the failure to emancipate the Aleuts from a sterile past by relating the Aleut and English languages more closely, the passage of years has assuaged the bitter misunderstandings and caused an orientation, away from Russian toward English as their second language, but Aleut continues to be the language that molds their thought and expression.

单选题Tests conducted at the University of Pennsylvania's Psychological Laboratory showed that anger is one of the most difficult emotions to detect from facial expression. Professor Dallas E. Buzby confronted 716 students with pictures of extremely angry persons, and asked them to identify the emotion from facial expression. Only 2 percent made correct judgments. Anger was most frequently judged as "pleased." And a typical reaction of a student with the picture of a man who was hopping mad was to classify his expression as either "bewildered", "quizzical", or simply "amazed". Other students showed that it is extremely difficult to tell whether a man is angry or not just by looking at his face. The investigators found further that women are better at detecting anger from facial expression than men are. Paradoxically, they found that psychological training does not sharpen one's ability to judge a man's emotions by his expressions but appears actually to hinder it. For in the university tests, the more courses the subjects had taken in psychology, the poorer judgment scores he turned in.

单选题The economic situation (will improve) given that there is (forecast to be) less unemployment and (closures) than (in previous years).

单选题The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been______ for more pocket money all the time.(2006年厦门大学考博试题)