单选题Today, American colleges and universities are under strong attack from many quarters. Teachers, it is charged, are not doing a good job of teaching, and students are not doing a good job of learning. American businesses and industries suffer from unenterprising, nncreative executives educated not to think for themselves but to mouth outdated truism the rest of the world has long discarded. College graduates lack both basic skills and general culture. Studies are conducted and reports are issued on the status of higher education, but any changes that result either are largely cosmetic or make a bad situation worse. One aspect of American education too seldom challenged is the lecture system. Professors continue to lecture and students to take notes much as they did in the 13th century. This time is long overdue for us to abandon the lecture system and mru to methods that really work. One problem with lectures is that listening intelligently is hard work. Even simply payirig attention is difficult. Many students believe years of watching TV has sabotaged their attention span, but their real problem is that listening attentively is much harder than they think. Worse still, attending lectures is passive learning, at least for inexperienced listeners. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have net yet fully learned how to learn. While it's true that techniques of active listening, such as trying to anticipate the speaker' s next point or taking notes selectively, can enhance the value of a lecture, few students possess such skills at the beginning of their college career. More commonly, students try to write everything down and even bring tape recorders to class in a clumsy effort to capture every word. The lecture system ultimately harms professors as well. It reduces feedback to a minimum, so that the lecturer can neither judge how well students understand the material nor benefit from their questions or comments. If lectures make no sense, why have they been allowed to continue? Administrators love them, of course. They can cram far more students into a lecture hall than a discussion class. But the truth is that faculty members, and even students, conspire with them to keep the lecture sys- tem alive and well. Professors can pretend to teach by lecturing just as the students can pretend to learn by attending lectures. Moreover, if lectures afford some students an opportunity to sit back and let the professor run the show, they offer some professors an irresistible forum for showing off. Smaller classes in which students are required to involve themselves in discussion put an end to students' passivity. Students become actively involved when forced to question their own ideas as well as their instructor's. Such interchanges help professors do their job better because they allow them to discover who knows what--before final exam, not after. When exams are given in this type of course, they can require analysis and synthesis from the students, not empty memorization. Classes like this require energy, imagination, and commitment from professors, all of which can be exhausting. But they compel students to share responsibility for their own intellectual growth. Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene both because they seem to be economically necessary and because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that values tradition for its own sake. But the lectures too frequently come at the wrong end of the students educational career--during the first 2 years, when they most need close, even individual, instruction. If lecture classes were restricted to junior and senior undergraduates and to graduate students, who are less in need of scholarly nurturing and more able to prepare work on their own, they would be far less destructive of students' interests and enthusiasms than the present system. After all, students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn.

单选题Teenage children began to assert their independence and this can lead to good deal of______in the family.

单选题Many buildings here do not allow smoking; some will permit smoking only in______areas.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998. Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights," he says. Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes. "No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government--individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well." Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks ... if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes. Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices find the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees that there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. "If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力) to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade., and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes.

单选题There's a firm distinction between the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages and overindulgence to the point of______.

单选题{{B}}Passage 5{{/B}} During the first year that Mr. Wordsworth and I were neighbours, our conversations turned frequently on the two cardinal points of poetry, the power of exciting the sympathy of the reader by a faithful adherence to the truth of nature, and the power of giving the interest of novelty by the modifying colours of imagination. The sudden charm, which accidents of light and shade, which moon-light or sunset diffused over a known and familiar landscape, appeared to represent the practicability of combining both. These are the poetry of nature. The thought suggested itself--(to which of us I do not recollect)--that a series of poems might be composed of two sorts. In the one, the incidents and agents were to he, in part at least, supernatural. And the excellence aimed at was to consist in the interesting of the affections by the dramatic truth of such emotions, as would naturally accompany such situations, supposing them real. And real in this sense they have been to every human being who, from whatever source of delusion, has at any time believed himself under supernatural agency. For the second class, subjects were to be chosen from ordinary life. The characters and incidents were lo be such as will be found in every village and its vicinity, where there is a meditative and feeling mind to seek after them, or to notice them, when they present themselves. In this idea originated the plan of the Lyrical Ballads, in which it was agreed, that my endeavors should be directed to persons and characters supernatural, or at least romantic. Yet so as to transfer from our inward nature a human interest and a semblance of truth sufficient to procure for these shadows of imagination that willing suspension of disbelief for the moment, which constitutes poetic faith. Mr. Wordsworth, on the other hand, was to propose to himself as his object, to give the charm of novelty to things of every day, and to excite a feeling analogous to the supernatural, by awakening the mind's attention to the. lethargy of custom, and directing it to the loveliness and the wonders of the world before us. And inexhaustible treasure, but for which, in consequence of the film of familiarity and selfish solicitude, we have eyes, yet see not, ears that hear not, and hearts that neither feel nor understand.

单选题She made two copies of this poem and posted them ______ to different publishers. A. sensationally B. simultaneously C. strenuously D. simply

单选题Broad sanctions that ______ Indian and Pakistani scientists from the West are a counterproductive response to the two nations' unwelcome arrival in the nuclear club.

单选题Typically, these children of Democrats switched ______ and joined the Republican Party during the 1980s. A. authenticity B. arrogance C. alliance D. allegiance

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} Successful business tends to continue implementing the ideas that made them successful. But in a rapidly changing world, ideas often become obsolete overnight. What worked in the past won't necessarily work in the future. In order to thrive in the future, you must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business. In fact, you must continually generate new ideas just to keep your head above water. Businesses that aren't creative about their future may not survive. Although Bill Gates is the richest, most successful man on the planet, he did not anticipate the Internet. Now he's scrambling to catch up. If Bill Gates can miss a major aspect of his industry, it can happen to you in your industry. Your business needs to continually innovate and create its future. Gates is now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft. Here's what he said in a recent interview in U.S. News World Report: "Will we be replaced tomorrow? No. In a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company. But when you look to the two to three-year time frame, I don't think anyone can say with a straight face that any technology company has a guaranteed position. Not Intel, not Microsoft, not Compaq, not Dell, take any of your favorites. And that's totally honest. " You may remember that in 1985 the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were the best-selling toy on the market. But after Coleco Industries introduced their sensational line of dolls they became complacent and didn't create any new toys worth mentioning. As a result, Coleco went bankrupt in 1988. The most successful businesses survive in the long term because they constantly reassess their situations and reinvest themselves accordingly. The 3M Company has a 15% rule: Employees are encouraged to spend 15% of their time developing new ideas on any project they desire. It's no surprise, then, that 3M has been around since 1902. Most businesses are not willing to tear apart last year's model of success and build a new one. Here's a familiar analogy to explain why they are lulled into complacency; imagine that your business is like a pot of lobsters. To cook lobsters, you put them into a pot of warm water and gradually turn up the heat. The lobsters don't realize they're being cooked because the process is so gradual. As a result, they become complacent and die without a struggle. However, if you throw a lobster into the pot when the water is boiling, it will desperately try to escape. This lobster is not lulled by a slowly changing environment. It realizes instantly that it's in a bad environment and takes immediate action to change its status.

单选题（清华大学2007年试题） Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the world's great seaport cities would be【1】: New Orleans, Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries — Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific — would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,【2】large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme【3】. Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons,【4】in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural ands around the world.【5】water quality may result in【6】flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable, natural【7】could be flooded with ocean water, destroying forever many of the【8】plant and animal species living there. Food supplies and forests would be【9】affected. Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would【10】grain-growing regions polewards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants, such as weeds and the insects【11】the crops. Human health would also be affected. Warming could【12】tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever, malaria, and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise. The harmful【13】of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer【14】There will be some【15】from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will【16】new agricultural lands, and warmer temperature will make some of today's colder regions more【17】. But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systems—both plant and animal—will be less a-ble than man to cope and【18】. Any change of temperature, rainfall, and sea level of the magnitude now【19】will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well. The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions【20】by global warming.

单选题Without question , people"s lives in China have improved dramatically in the past two decades.

单选题As a professional doctor, I will prescribe______for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone.

单选题A cut in the budge put 10 percent of the state employee's in ______. A. range B. review C. perspective D. jeopardy

单选题The newly-elected president is determined to ______ the established policy of developing agriculture. A. go for B. go on C. go by D. go up

单选题Sport was integral to the national and local press, TV and, to a diminishing _________ , to radio.

单选题Overindulgence ______ character as well as physical stamina.

单选题Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.