单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Bedbugs, stealthy and fast-moving nocturnal creatures that were all but eradicated by DDT after World War Ⅱ, have recently been found in hospital maternity wards, private schools and even a plastic surgeon's waiting room. Bedbugs are back and spreading like a swarm of locusts on a lush field of wheat. "It's becoming an epidemic," said Jeffrey Eisenberg, the owner of Pest Away Exterminating, a business that receives about 125 bedbug calls a week, compared with just a handful five years ago. Last year the city logged 377 bedbug violations, up from just 2 in 2002 and 16 in 2003. Since July, there have been 449. "It's definitely a fast-emerging problem," said Carol Abrams, spokeswoman for the city housing agency. In the bedbug resurgence, entomologists and exterminators blame increased immigration from the developing world, the advent of cheap international travel and the recent banning of powerful pesticides. Other culprits include the recycled mattress industry and those thrifty citizens who revel in the discovery of a free sofa on the sidewalk. Unlike mice and roaches, which are abetted by filthy surroundings, bedbugs do just fine in a well-scrubbed home. And they don't dwell just in mattresses and box springs: any wall or floor crack--the thickness of a playing card--can accommodate a bedbug. The modern bedbug is immune to insecticides, and setting off a cockroach bomb in the bedroom will only scatter them farther afield. And because they are active only at night, many people don't discover them until their population has grown into the hundreds, or even thousands. Exterminators recommend bagging and washing every bit of clothing and fabric in the room and taking apart bureau drawers and bed frames in preparation for the application of four kinds of chemicals. The process often needs to be repeated. Worst of all, bedbug sufferers say, is the stigma of living with an insect that feeds on blood--though it does not transmit disease--and leaves behind a trail of red bumps. In interviews with more than a dozen bedbug sufferers, only a handful would speak on the record, saying they feared the condemning glares of neighbors or the shunning of co-workers. A bedbug infestation, many say, puts a strain on relationships, all but ruling out staying the night. Kellianne Scanlan, 30, a hairstylist who lives in Washington Heights, has been living like a nomad since last month. "My life has become all about bedbugs." she said. To calm her friends and to ensure that she does not spread the bugs, she takes an extra set of clothing and changes when she arrives at their homes for overnight visits.

单选题With regard to the pesticides in food, this passage seems to argue that ______.

单选题He was______ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.(2003年清华大学考博试题)

单选题The two newspapers gave different ______ of what happened.

单选题An important consequence arises because the social security program is purely pay-as-you-go financed, ______ most pension plans, at least in the private sector, are fully funded. Thus, greater contracting-out implies greater prefunding of pension commitments. A. whereas B. because C. so that D. therefore

单选题It is implied in the passage that students of distance education ______.

单选题We can make use of seawater by ______ fresh water from it.

单选题We can infer that the author of this passage ______.

单选题There is a real possibility that we could finish the task ahead of schedule, ______ enough time. A. being there B. there was C. should there be D. there having been

单选题In almost all chemical-process plants, heat is______by burning of fossil fuels coal, oil, or natural gas. A. transformed B. conducted C. transferred D. generated

单选题Upton Sinclair, an American writer of the 20th century, showed his ______ genius for recreating social history in his novels.

单选题 The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities (实体) directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which soical entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper, the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may include efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that, war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.

单选题Export of handicraft products is the mainstay of the county's economy.

单选题The dolphin leapt into the air because ______.

单选题（中国科学院2008年试题） There are so many new books about dying that there are now special shelves set aside for them in bookshops, along with the health-diet and home-repair paperbacks. Some of them are so【1】with detailed information and step-by-step instructions for performing the function, that you'd think this was a new sort of【2】which all of us are now required to learn. The strongest impression the casual reader gets is that proper dying has become an extraordinary,【3】an exotic experience, something only the specially trained can do. 【4】, you could be led to believe that we are the only【5】capable of being aware of death, and that when the rest of nature is experiencing the life cycle and dying, one generation after【6】, it is a different kind of process, done automatically and trivially, or more "natural", as we say. An elm in our backyard【7】the blight(枯萎病)this summer and dropped stone dead, leafless, almost overnight. One weekend【8】was a normal-looking elm, maybe a little bare in spots but【9】alarming, and the next weekend it was gone, passed over, departed, taken. Taken is right, for the tree surgeon came by yesterday with his【10】of young helpers and their cherry picker, and took it down branch by branch and carted it off in the back of a red truck, everyone【11】. The dying【12】a field mouse, at the jaws of an amiable household cat, is a spectacle I have beheld many times. It【13】to make me wince. However, early in life I gave up throwing sticks【14】the cat to make him drop the mouse,【15】the dropped mouse regularly went ahead and died anyway.

单选题You may have ever entered a bookstore just to take______from a sudden shower, but found time spent there was very enjoyable.

单选题The vegetative forms of most bacteria are killed by drying in air, although the different species exhibit pronounced differences in their resistance. The tubercle bacillus is one of the more resistant, and vibrio cholera is one of the more sensitive to drying. In general, the encapsulated organisms are more resistant than the non-encapsulated forms. Spores are quite resistant to drying; the spores of the anthrax bacillus, for example, will germinate after remaining in a dry condition for ten years or more. The resistance of the pathogenic forms causing disease of the upper respiratory tract is of particular interest in connection with airborne infection, for the length of time that a droplet remains infective is a result, primarily, of the resistance of the particular microorganism to drying.

单选题Next week, the European Parliament will debate stringent regulation of a number of effective pesticides. If this regulation is passed, the consequences will be devastating. In the 1960s, widespread use of the potent and safe insecticide DDT led to eradication of many insect-borne diseases in Europe and North America. But based on no scientific evidence of human health effects, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency banned DDT, and its European counterparts followed suit. Subsequently, more than 1 million people died each year from malaria— but not in America or Europe. Rather, most of the victims were children and women in Africa and Asia. Today, even while acknowledging that indoor spraying of small amounts of DDT would help prevent many deaths and millions of illnesses, nongovernmental organizations continue—with great success—to pressure African governments not to allow its use. In order to stave off such pressure, African public health officials cave, and their children die needlessly. Yet, rather than learning the tragic lesson of the DDT ban, the European Union wants to extend this unscientific ban to other effective insecticides, including pyrethroids and organophosphates—further undercutting anti-malarial efforts. The currently debated regulation would engender a paradigm shift in the regulation of chemicals, from a risk-based approach—based on real world exposures from agricultural applications—to a hazard-based standard, derived from laboratory tests and having little or no basis in reality as far as human health is concerned. Of course, this is fine with anti-chemical zealots. Their concern is bringing down chemical companies in the name of "the environment" —tough luck if African children have to be sacrificed to their agenda, as was the case with DDT (which is still banned in the EU and not under consideration in the current debate). Most poignantly, the fight against malaria and other insect-borne tropical diseases would take another hit, with resulting illness, disability and death disproportionally affecting children under five and pregnant women. And what, after all, is the "danger" of these chemicals being debated? In fact, there is no evidence to support the contention that insecticides pose a health threat to humans. Even DDT, one of the most studied chemicals of all time, has been conclusively shown to be safe for humans at all conceivable levels of exposure sufficient to control malaria and save millions of lives.