单选题Question 26-30 are based on the following passage：

单选题 Much has been written about poverty but none of the accounts seem to get at the root of the problem. It must be noted that the weakening effects of poverty are not only the result of lack of money but are also the result of powerlessness. The poor are subject to their social situation instead of being able to affect it through action, that is, through behavior that flows from an individual's decisions and plans, in other words, when social scientists have reported on the psychological consequences of poverty, it seems reasonable to believe that they have described the psychological consequences or powerlessness. The solution to poverty most frequently suggested is to help the poor secure more money without otherwise changing the present power relationship. This appears to implement the idea of equality while avoiding any unnecessary threat to the established centers of power. But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness, not absolute supply of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a large supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accomplished by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society. In order to reduce poverty-related psychological and social problems in the United States, the major community will have to change its relationship to neighborhoods of poverty in such a fashion that families in the neighborhoods have a greater interest in the broader society and can more successfully participate in the decision-making process of the surrounding community. Social action to help the poor should have the following characteristics: the poor should see themselves as the source of the action. The action should affect in major ways the preconceptions of institutions and persons who define the poor. The action should demand much in effect or skill. The action should be successful and the successful self-originated important action should increase the feeling of potential worth and individual power of individuals who are poor. The only initial resource which a community should provide to neighborhoods of poverty should be on a temporary basis and should consist of organizers who will enable the neighborhoods quickly to create powerful independent democratic organizations of the poor. Through such organizations, the poor will then negotiate with the outsiders for resources and opportuities without having to submit to concurrent control from outside.

单选题The ______ feature in Ted"s character was pride; he couldn"t ever think of depending on anyone but himself.

单选题The last guests to reach the hotel ______ at 12 o'clock at night. A. checked out B. checked up C. checked in D. check on

单选题Archaeologists are interested in pottery, figurines and other vestiges of ancient civilizations.

单选题At that time the earnings of the boxers were ______ and they could make money for their followers as well.

单选题The loss of lusitania and so many of its passengers, including 128 U.S. citizens, aroused a wave of Uindignation/U in the United States.

单选题According to the article, what does the word "concurrently"(Par

单选题In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence. Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologists, geologists and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from diseases that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them. Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the vaccines created by doctors, diseases such as polio, measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these diseases may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease. In addition, science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine our world could exist, but the conveniences brought into life by the computer are unparalleled. Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations, it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society, however, they were not present until scientists discovered them. Because of the contribution of scientists, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprises our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Famed singer Stevie Wonder can't see his fans dancing at his concerts. He can't see the hands of his audience as they applaud wildly at the end of his Superstition. Blind from birth, Wonder has waited his whole life for a chance to see. Recently, Wonder visited Mark Hamayan, a vision specialist. He thought that a new device currently being studied by Humayan might offer him that chance. The device, a retinal prosthesis, is a tiny computer chip implanted inside a patient's eye. The chip sends images to the brain and allows some sightless people to see shapes and colors. Wonder hoped the retinal prosthesis might work for him. "I've always said that if ever there's possibility of my seeing," said Wonder, "then I would take the challenge." Unfortunately for Wonder, that challenge will have to wait. Humayan explained that the device isn't ready for people who have been blind since birth. Their brains may not be able to handle signals from a retinal prosthesis because their brains have never handled signals from a healthy eye. The retinal prosthesis and other devices, however, show great promise in helping many other sightless people who once had vision see again. Perhaps one day soon, some formerly sightless people may be in Wonder's audience looking up—and seeing him—for the very first time. Wonder's willingness to take part in retinal prosthesis studies and the results of those studies are giving new hope to people who thought they would be blind for the rest of their lives. More than one million people in the United States are considered legally blind, meaning that their eyesight is severely impaired. Another one million are totally blind. Two types of specialized cells in the retina—rods and cones—are critical for proper vision. Light enters the eye and falls on the rods and cones in the retina. Those cells convert the light to electrical signals which travel through the optic nerve to the brain. The brain interprets those signals as visual images. Rods detect light at low levels of illumination. For instance, rods allow you to see faint shadows in dim moonlight. Cones, on the other hand, are most sensitive to color. Some diseases can damage cells in the retina. For instance, macular degeneration causes blindness and other vision problems in 700,000 people in the United States each year. The condition is caused by a lack of adequate blood supply to the central part of the retina. Without blood, the rods, cones, and other cells in the retina die. Devices such as the retinal prostheses won't prevent or cure our eye diseases, but they may help patients who have eye disorders regain some of their vision. Different forms of retinal prostheses are currently being developed. On one type, a tiny computer chip is embedded in the eye. The chip has a grid of about 2,500 light-sensing elements called pixels. Light entering the eye strikes the pixels, which convert the light into electrical signals. The pixels then send the electrical signals to nerve cells behind the retina. Those cells send signals via the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation. Many people who have had a retinal prosthesis implanted say they can see shapes, colors, and movements that they couldn't see before. "It was great," said Harold Churchey, who received his retinal prosthesis 15 years after he became totally blind. "To see light after so long—it was just wonderful. It was just like switching a light on." (572 words. Current Science. April 7, 2000)

单选题The "formal learning" refers to all learning which takes place in the classroom, regardless of whether such learning is ______ by conservative or progressive ideologies. A. secured B. attained C. manifest D. informed

单选题As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give rise to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier. When the eye is fixed on a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over a very brief time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously. As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect becomes more persistent in the sense that it takes the eye longer to regain its sensitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an "afterimage" superimposed on the second. The effect not only is present over the actual area causing the "local adaptation" but also spreads with decreasing strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce "lateral adaptation." Also, because of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole eye.

单选题Whenever we come to stay with them, we just Ulive like fighting cocks/U.

单选题 The Queen's presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks reception at Buckingham Palace to London.

单选题Since his retirement, Peter Smith, who was ______ a teacher, has written four novels.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)

单选题If you______ the principle of democratic government to your family you will run into some obvious difficulties.(2011年南京大学考博试题)

单选题 The business of advertising is to invent methods of addressing massive audiences in a language designed to be easily accessible and immediately persuasive. No advertising agency wants to{{U}} (51) {{/U}}out an ad that is not clear and convincing to millions of people. But the agency,{{U}} (52) {{/U}}they would agree that ads should be written to sell products, disagree when it{{U}} (53) {{/U}}down to the most effective methods of doing so.{{U}} (54) {{/U}}the years, advertising firms have developed among themselves a variety of distinctive styles{{U}} (55) {{/U}}on their understanding of the different kinds of audiences they want to reach. No two agencies would handle the{{U}} (56) {{/U}}product identically. To people{{U}} (57) {{/U}}whom advertising is an exacting discipline and a highly competitive profession, an ad is{{U}} (58) {{/U}}more than a sophisticated sales pitch, an attractive verbal{{U}} (59) {{/U}}device to serve manufactures. In fact, for those who examine ads critically or professionally, products may very well be{{U}} (60) {{/U}}more than merely points of departure. Ads often{{U}} (61) {{/U}}their products, and in the{{U}} (62) {{/U}}of early advertisements for products that are no longer available, we cannot help{{U}} (63) {{/U}}consider the advertisement independently of our responses, to those products. The point of examining ads apart{{U}} (64) {{/U}}their announced subjects is not that we ignore the product completely, but{{U}} (65) {{/U}}we try to see the product only{{U}} (66) {{/U}}it is talked about and portrayed in the full{{U}} (67) {{/U}}of the ad. Certainly, it is not necessary to{{U}} (68) {{/U}}tried a particular product to be{{U}} (69) {{/U}}to appreciate the technique section and design used in{{U}} (70) {{/U}}advertisement.

单选题Noting the murder victim' s pear like figure, she deduced that the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some ______ occupation.