单选题The Second World War, ______ the earlier one of 1914, prompted public concern about the physical and intellectual well-being of the country"s human resources.

单选题Directions: In this part, you will hear 10 short conversations between two people. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken ONLY ONCE. After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

单选题It can not be denied that the existing resources on earth will be depleted, but scientists are ______ to concede the inevitability of that day, realizing that new energies can be found in the near future.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Single mums are better at raising their kids than two parents—at least in the bird world. Mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to get a mate. The finding shows that family conflict is as important an evolutionary driving force as ecological factors such as hunting and food supply. With two parents around, there's always a conflict of interests, which can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the offspring. In evolutionary terms, the best strategy for any parent in the animal world is to find someone else to care for their offspring, so they can concentrate on breeding again. So it's normal for parents to try to pass the buck to each other. But Ian Hartley from the University of Lancaster and his team wondered how families solve this conflict, and how the conflict itself affects the offspring. To find out, they measured how much effort zebra finch parents put into raising their babies. They compared single females with pairs, by monitoring the amount of food each parent collected, and removing or adding chicks so that each pair of birds was raising four chicks, and each single mum had two—supposedly the same amount of work. But single mums, they found, put in about 25 per cent more effort than females rearing with their mate. To avoid being exploited, mothers with a partner hold back from working too hard if the rather is being lazy, and it's the chicks that pay the price. "The offspring suffer some of the cost of this conflict," says Hartley. The cost does not show in any obvious decrease in size or weight, but in how attractive they arc to the opposite sex. When the chicks were mature, the researchers tested the "fitness" of the male offspring by offering females their choice of partner. Those males reared by single mums were chosen more often than those from two-parent families. Sexual conflict has long been thought to affect the quality of care given to offspring, says zoologist Rebecca Kilner at Cambridge University, who works on conflict of parents in birds. "But the experimental evidence is not great. The breakthrough here is showing it empirically." More surprising, says Kilner, is Hartley's statement that conflict may be a strong influence on the evolution of behaviour, clutch size and even appearance. "People have not really made that link," says Hartley. A female's reproductive strategy is usually thought to be affected by hunting and food supply. Kilner says conflict of parents should now be taken into account as well.

单选题The government would not dare to{{U}} impose {{/U}}taxes on such necessities as-bread or milk.

单选题As the story proceeds, March begins to feel under the spell of______.

单选题The emperor turned to alchemy to ensure immortally, but contrary to his wishes, the wrong chemistry shortened his life. A. good fortune B. quick recovery from his illness C. never-ending life D. everlasting peace

单选题A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday,the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work． After observing the demonstrations closely,one of the officials remarked bluntly,"It's a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?" "I don't know,"replied Faraday, "but I do know that 100 years from now you'll be taxing．them．" From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps．The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done．Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4,000 years ago to the working of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms…to Hannibal's remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B.C.with 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 horsemen and a"conveyor belt"of 40 elephants…or to the early Christian Church, with its world—shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality． These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority,divisions of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today．But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession W3S the Industrial Revolution．Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes；among them John Kay's flying Shuttle in 1733, James Hargrove's Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Compton's Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright's Power Loom in 1785．

单选题(While) smoking was associated with an attention of weight gain among black adults, (no such effect) occurred among white men or women, the latter (was) the group (most likely) to smoke for weight control.A. WhileB. no such effectC. wasD. most likely

单选题When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible 61 of action open to him; he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea 62 , or patent it. A 63 patent is the result of a bargain 64 between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period 65 . Only the most exceptional circumstances 66 the lifespan of a patent 67 to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension ever 68 was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent's normal life there was no color TV to 69 and thus no hope for reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently 70 after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the 71 office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if 72 than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone 73 to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through 74 patents that the one sure way of violation of any other inventor's fight is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form 75 invalidates further patents on that idea. It is traditionally 76 to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modem technological advance is 77 on these presumptions of legal security. Anyone closely 78 in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, 79 makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate 80 the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.

单选题It has been raining for 3 ______ days, Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. That's why the entire city has been flooded.

单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. You might tolerate the rude and (21) driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the (22) to the rule. Perhaps the situation (23) a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign, (24) , it may get completely out of hand. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good (25) too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when (26) uncivilized behaviors. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards (27) the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement (28) an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so (29) in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are (30) rare today. Many drivers nowadays aren't even able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, improper politeness can also be (31) A typical example is the driver who waves a child across a crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles (32) may be unable to stop in time. The same (33) encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and (34) they care to. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we (35) this message to heart.

单选题Some conductors ______ sound amplification at their concerts.

单选题A foreign enterprises contract is a bad idea ______.

单选题Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their humanistic perspective. Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe and that in them alone is the clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without denying outright the existence either of a deity or of brute matter, this perspective nevertheless rejects them as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the transcendentalist principle that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self. Therefore, all knowledge begins with self-knowledge. This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, but upon the human as universal, freed from the accidents of times, space, birth, and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the "American Scholar" turns out to be simply "Man Thinking". While, for Whitman, the "Song of Myself" merges imperceptibly into a song of all the "children of Adam" where "every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you". Also common to all the five writers is the belief that individual virtue and happiness depend upon self-realization, which, in turn, depends upon the harmonious reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies. First, the self-asserting impulse of the individual to withdraw, to remain unique and separate, and to be responsible only to himself or herself. Second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to embrace the whole world in the experience of a single moment and to know and become one with that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates individualism, the preservation of the individual's freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity. A third assumption common to the five writers is that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection——their belief that the clue to external nature is to be found in the inner world of individual psychology——and by their interpretation of experience as, in essence, symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos of which only intuition and imagination can properly take account. These writers' faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them to conceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confidence in their own moral and metaphysical insights.

单选题Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?

单选题The author ______ us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues.

单选题Samarkand lies ______

单选题All that may come to my knowledge in the exercise of my profession or in daily commerce with men, which ought not to be spread abroad, I will keep secret and will never reveal. A. business B. exchange C. wedlock D. contact

单选题The English language contains a(n) ______ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. A. altitude B. latitude C. multitude D. attitude