单选题All the mountains are stunningly beautiful, and there are______valleys and the smell of peat from every cottage.

单选题The wanting message about the Alar apple was given ______.

单选题It's an offer that you won't get again, so I would______it if I were you. A. relate to B. count on C. accept of D. jump at

单选题The Supreme Court"s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally iii patients" pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death." George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It"s like surgery," he says. "We don"t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn"t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you"re a physician, you can risk your patient"s suicide as long as you don"t intend their suicide." On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court"s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual an forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twi problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a medicare billing code for hospital-base care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiative translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering", to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse". He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear.., that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension".

单选题Japanese drag and hospital companies kept selling tainted blood ______.

单选题It is easy to lose patience with science today. The questions are pressing: How dangerous is dioxin? What about low-level radiation? When will that monstrous earthquake strike California? And why can't we predict weather better? But the evidence is often described "inconclusive, " forcing scientists to base their points of view almost as much on intuition as on science. When historians and philosophers of science listen to these questions, some conclude that science may be incapable of solving all these problems any time soon. Many questions seem to defy the scientific method, an approach that works best when it examines straightforward relationships. If s0mething is done to variable A, what happens to variable B? Such procedures can, of cuurse, be very difficult in their own ways, but for experiments, they are effective. With the aid of Newton's laws of gravitational attraction, for instance, ground controllers can predict the path of a planetary probe—or satellite—with incredible accuracy. They do this by calculating the gravitational tugs from each of the passing planets until the probe speeds beyond the edge of the solar system. A much more difficult task is to calculate what happens when two or three such tugs pull on the probe at the same time. The unknowns can grow into riddles that are impossible to solve. Because of the turbulent and changing state of the earth's atmosphere, for instance, scientists have struggled for centuries to predict the weather with precision. This spectrum of questions—from simple problems to those impossibly complex—has resulted in nicknames for various fields of study. "Hard" sciences, such as astronomy and chemistry, are said to yield precise answers, whereas "soft" sciences, such as sociology and economics, admit a great degree of uncertainty.

单选题In his culture, ______ it was, this exchange of names on pieces of paper was probably a formal politeness, like saying "thank you."

单选题She ______ the high unemployment figures as evidence of the failure of the government policy.

单选题After a careful examination, the doctor ______ a new medical and a two-day rest for the patient.

单选题The jungles of the sub-Sahara, afflicted with tse-tse and mosquitos, is an unhealthy are

单选题How does a democratic nation influence poetry?

单选题It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all ______ to the flow of ideas shall be removed. A. prophecies B. transactions C. arguments D. hindrances

单选题Thus, ______ would Social Security trust fund investments in stocks not perform as well as expected, but all stock market investors and the national economy would suffer.

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} It is possible for students to obtain advanced degrees in English while knowing little or nothing about traditional scholarly methods. The consequences of this neglect of traditional scholarship are particularly unfortunate for the study of women writers. If the canon—the list of authors whose works are most widely taught—is ever to include more women, scholars who do not know how to read early manuscripts, locate rare books, establish a sequence of editions, and so on are lacking in crucial tools for revising the canon. To address such concerns, an experimental, version of the traditional scholarly methods course was designed to raise students' consciousness about the usefulness of traditional learning for any modern critic or theorist. To minimize the artificial aspects of the conventional course, the usual procedure of assigning a large number of small problems drawn from the entire range of historical periods was abandoned, though this procedure has the obvious advantage of at least superficially familiarizing students with a wide range of reference sources. Instead students were engaged in a collective effort to do original work on a neglected eighteenth-century writer, Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work. Griffith's work presented a number of advantages for this particular pedagogical purpose. First, the body of extant scholarship on Griffith was so tiny that it could all be read in a day, thus students spent little time and effort mastering the literature and, had a clear field for their own discoveries. Griffith's play The Platonic Wife exists in three versions, enough to provide illustrations of editorial issues but not too many for beginning students to manage. In addition, because Griffith was successful in the eighteenth century, as her continued productivity and favorable reviews demonstrate, her exclusion from the canon and virtual disappearance from literary history also helped raise issues concerning the current canon. The range of Griffith's work meant that each student could become the world's leading authority on a particular Griffith text. For example, a student studying Griffith's Wife in the Right obtained a first edition of the play and studied it for some weeks. This student was suitably shocked and outraged to find its title transformed into A Wife in the Night in Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica. Such experiences, inevitable and common in working on a writer to whom so little attention has been paid, serve to vaccinate the student I hope for a lifetime against credulous use of reference sources.

单选题I saw a television advertisement recently for a new product called an air sanitizer. A woman stood in her kitchen, spraying the empty space in front of her as though using Mace against an imaginary assailant. She appeared very determined. Where others are satisfied with antibacterial-laced sponges, dish soaps, hand sanitizers and telephone wipes, here was a woman who sought to sterilize the air itself. As a casual student of microbiology, I find it hard to escape the absurdity here. This woman is, like any human being, home to hundreds of trillions of bacteria. Bacteria make up a solid third, by weight, of the contents of her intestines. If you were to sneak into her bathroom while she was showering-and based on my general impression of this woman from the advertisement, I don't recommend this-and secret away a teaspoon of the water at her feet, you would find some 820 billion bacteria. Bacteria are unavoidably, inevitably-and, usually, utterly benignly-a part of our world. The fantasy of a germ-free home is not only absurd, but it is also largely pointless. Unless you share your home with someone very old, very young (under 6 months) or very ill, the few hundred bacteria on a countertop, doorknob or spoon pose no threat. The bacteria that cause food poisoning, the only significant rational bacterial worry in the average home, need to multiply into the thousands or millions before they can overwhelm your immune system and cause symptoms. The only way common food poisoning bacteria can manage this is to spend four or five hours reproducing at room temperature in something moist that you then eat. If you are worried about food poisoning, the best defense is the refrigerator. If you don't make a habit of eating perishable food that has been left out too long, don't worry about bacteria. Viruses are slightly different. You need only pick up a few virus particles to infect yourself with a cold or flu, and virus particles can survive on surfaces for days. So disinfecting the surfaces in the home should, in theory, reduce the chances of picking up a bug. In practice, the issue is less clear. A study by Dr. Elaine Larson at the Columbia School of Nursing called into question the usefulness of antibacterial products for the home. In New York, 224 households, each with at least one preschooler, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group used antibacterial cleaning, laundry and hand-washing products. The other used ordinary products.. For 48 weeks, the groups were monitored for seven symptoms of colds, flu and food poisoning-and found to be essentially the same. According to Dr. Gerba's research, an active adult touches an average of 300 surfaces every 30 minutes. You cannot win at this. You will become obsessive-compulsive.. Just wash your hands with soap and water a few times a day, and leave it at that.

单选题5 Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of for mality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dic tionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are under stood by almost all speakers of language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are collo quial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identi fied. Both Colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing. Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into stand ard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscuri ty. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are nec essary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and ac ceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority pop ulation. Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard," "colloquial," and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expres- sions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.

单选题Their efforts at bringing Alice and Grace together ______.

单选题It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal(fatherly)wisdom — or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell out $ 30 for paternity testing kit(PTK)at his local drugstore — and another $ 120 to get the results. More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $ 2500. Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists — and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots. Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA. But some observers are skeptical, "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors — numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents. Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person's test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

单选题It is impossible to ______ whether she'll be well enough to come home from the hospital next month.