单选题The board has ______ some rules that every member of the club must follow.

单选题The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last______the attention of average Americans.

单选题The middle-aged woman has been ______ with a serious illness for half a year; she is dying now. A. laid down B. laid off C. laid up D. laid in

单选题He is a (well-known) hardworking and clever student, and he often gets top (scores) in his class; so all his classmates (are sure) that he (studies very hardly).

单选题I could still have found my way into science in a nonexpansionist civilization of the future, where upward social mobility and its ______ opportunities would no longer be taken for granted to the degree that they have been in recent centuries.

单选题 {{B}}Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage.{{/B}} Among the many ways in which people communicate through speech, public speaking has probably received more study and attracted more attention than any other. Politicians campaigning for public office, salespeople presenting products, and preachers delivering sermons all depend upon this form of public communication. Even people who do not make speaking a part of their daily work are often asked to make public speeches: students at graduation, for instance, or members of churches, clubs, or other organizations. Nearly everyone speaks in public at some time or other, and those who perform the task well often become leaders. There are many reasons for speaking in public. A public speaker may hope to teach an audience about new ideas, for example, or provide information-about some topic. Creating a good feeling or entertaining an audience may be another purpose. Public speakers, however, most often seek to persuade an audience to adopt new opinions, to take certain actions, or to see the world in a new way. Public speakers usually know well in advance when they are scheduled to make an address. Consequently, they are able to prepare their message before they deliver it. Sometimes, though, speakers must deliver the message unprepared, or off the cuff, such as when they are asked to offer a toast at a wedding reception or to participate in a televised debate or interview. When they do not have to speak unprepared, most speakers write their own speeches. Politicians and business executives sometimes employ professional writers who prepare their speeches for them. These professional writers may work alone or in small teams. Although the speaker may have some input into the contents of the speech, the writers sometimes have a great influence over the opinions expressed by their employers. Regardless of how a speech is prepared, the person who delivers it is given credit for its effect upon its hearers.

单选题We're ______ by mosquitoes up here in the north in summer. A. infested B. infected C, swarmed D. plagued

单选题Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?

单选题When we watch a play or a film, we all realize that the characters are sometimes ______. A. imaginative B. imaginable C. imagined D. imaginary

单选题On February 10, the world of psychiatry will be asked, metaphorically, to lie on the couch and answer questions about the state it thinks it is in. For that is the day the American Psychiatric Association (APA) plans to release a draft of the fifth version of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Mental illness carrying such stigma (~) as it does, and the brain being as little-understood as it is, revising the DSM is always a controversial undertaking. This time, however, some of the questions asked of the process are likely to be particularly probing. The DSM, the first version of which was published in 1952, lists recognized psychological disorders and the symptoms used to diagnose them. In the United States, what is in it influences whether someone will be diagnosed with an illness at all, how he will be treated if he is so diagnosed, and whether his insurance company will pay for that treatment. Researchers in other countries generally defer to the DSM, too, making the manual's definitions a lingua franca for the science of medical psychology. And, perhaps most profoundly, the DSM, then, is an important document. The APA has been working on the latest revision since 1999, and will not release the final version until May 2013. But some people are already accusing it of excessive secrecy and being too ambitious about the changes it proposes. Those critics will be picking over the draft next week to see if their fears have been realized. The original DSM reflected the "psychodynamic" view of mental illness, in which problems were thought to result from an interplay between personality and life history. (Think Freud, Jung and long hours recounting your childhood and dreams.) The third version, which was published in 1980, took a more medical approach. Mental illnesses were seen as distinct and classifiable, like physical diseases. DSM-Ⅲ came with checklists of symptoms that allowed straightforward, unambiguous diagnosis. Psychiatry began to seem less like an art form and more like a science. DSM-Ⅲ also introduced many more diagnoses than had appeared before. These included attention-deficit disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and social phobia. In fact, the number of specific diagnoses more than doubled between DSM-Ⅰ and DSM-Ⅲ, from 106 to 265. DSM-IV, published in 1994, increased the number to 267, but left the underlying model alone.

单选题Crew chiefs supervised engines, switches and lights that told them how each item of equipment was functioning. A. observed B. preserved C. monitored D. nurtured

单选题The family was too {{U}}obstinate{{/U}} to evacuate the house when the flood began.

单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited schools for the ______ of lessons.

单选题Remember that customers don't ______ about prices in that city. A. debate B. consult C. dispute D. bargain

单选题As if they didn't have their hands full with Iraq and terrorism, U. S. intelligence agencies are being drawn into the debate over whether the United States is imminently threatened by a deadly outbreak of bird influenza and whether the Bush administration has adequately prepared for such an epidemic. Over the last two weeks, the administration has held bird flu briefings classified "Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information" for members of both houses of Congress. A counterterrorism official indicated that the intelligence community is also studying whether it would be possible for terrorists to somehow exploit the avian flu virus and use it against the United States, though there is no evidence that terrorists have in any way tried to do so. The World Health Organization is warning that if a pandemic (a disease for which there is no certain treatment and to which humans have no natural immunity.) outbreak occurs, "at least 30 million people worldwide could require hospitalization, and at least 2 million people could die." The alarming figures like these in recent weeks caught the attention of President George W. Bush and other White House aides. An intelligence official said, "The briefings did contain classified information. The reason the information is classified is because some of it was acquired through clan-destine means." A leading public-health expert, Dr. Irwin Redlener, said, "This is old-fashioned cold war secrecy being applied to a public-health issue-a very bad idea." Redlener has criticized President Bush and other administration officials for hinting recently that in the event of a pandemic bird flu outbreak, the federal government might rely heavily on the military to establish quarantine zones and restrict public movement to limit the possible spread of disease. Despite HSN1 (a bird flu strain) is reported mortality rate of 50 percent or more, Dr. Redlener says that by the time such a virus did arrive in the United States, its strength might be significantly degraded. But he notes that in the case of the 1918 Spanish flu, the eventual mortality rate of the virus turned out to be around 2 percent, yet millions still died. What is vexing the Bush administration and other public-health professionals is the fact that the United States is not particularly well prepared in the event a bird flu pandemic does strike in the near future. HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) Secretary Mike Leavitt is currently on a trip to several countries in Asia to get a firsthand look at measures some countries are taking to contain the spread of known bird flu cases. The best defense against a deadly flu pandemic would be stopping it where it starts.

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of computer--those that have computation and data processing as their major functions--has begun to become saturated. Multimedia computers are systems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing. Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocassette players have recently undergone a change in technology from analog to digital formats. Television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals, while those in conventional analog signals cannot. In other words, digital video images can be zoomed up or down, reshaped, or rearranged by the appropriate software. Also, due to advances in video-signal compression technology, the memory space required for storing a video program has been greatly reduced. Multimedia has important applications for consumer products and for business needs. Video scenes that are captured by camcorders can be combined with text, sound, and data and can be viewed on television sets in homes, schools, or offices. These multimedia presentations are becoming useful educational and commercial tools. For example, there are available encyclopaedias that contain video programs depicting animal behavior, geomorphic processing, and other natural phenomena. Automobile mechanics can watch videos that demonstrate how to repair new models. In business applications, documents can be annotated with 7oice or video. New consumer products can be more effectively marketed by demonstrating how they can be used. CD-ROMs of numerous other subjects have been recently published; all of them can be viewed on TV monitors using multimedia computers. These multimedia computer systems can, in turn, be incorporated into computer networks, enhancing the effectiveness of communication. This multitude of new products and capabilities has been made possible by the tremendous progress of microprocessor technology. Because of the advances in this area, personal computers have become more powerful, smaller, and less expensive, which has enabled computer networks to proliferate. Many of the tasks that were traditionally performed by mainframes have been transferred to personal computers connected to communications networks. Although the mainframe continues to be produced and serves a useful purpose, it has been used more often as one of many different computers and peripheral devices connected to computer networks. In this new role, the function of mainframes as powerful processors of database systems is becoming important, and, as a result, massively parallel computers with hundreds or thousands of microprocessors are being produced. In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive, but low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-produced. Throughout the world, more than 100, 000, 000 personal computers and 500, 000 workstations are in use, whereas only several hundred supercomputers are in operation; the numbers of mainframes and minicomputers fall somewhere between those of supercomputers and workstations. Because of such high-volume production, microprocessors for personal computers or workstations tend to be inexpensive and are available for use in massively parallel computers as well.