单选题 A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The mate animal establishes an area. The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his mate and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, used up the best territory in the order of "first come, first {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}." The late arrivals may acquire {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}, territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the enemies of the species. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}there is really insufficient food or the danger is very great, the animal will not {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. In this way, the members of the species which are less fit will not have offspring. When there is conflict {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}territory, animals will commonly use force, or a show of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}, that animals seem to use only the minimum amount of force {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}to drive away the intruder. There is usually no kilting. In the case of those animals which are capable of {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}each other great harm, {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}is a system for the losing animal to show the winning animal that he wishes to submit. When he shows this, the victor normally stops fighting.

单选题Scientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough. Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star's life, as it veered towards a supermassive black hole. When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur. The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. "There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star's matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star's matter out of the black hole's reach, he says. The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays. If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US2. " It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says. Brassart agrees. " Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it's something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US3, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.

单选题The passage mentioned ______.

单选题Now let"s begin with question Number 1.

单选题He is setting out for the country and sends you a thousand thanks and ______. A. compliments B. complements C. satisfactions D. supplements

单选题The bribe and the bridegroom were overwhelmed in happiness when their family offered to take them to Rome to _______the marriage.

单选题In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the ______ concern of state governments. A. extinct B. excluding C. excessive D. exclusive

单选题Bangladeshi communities that are already being poisoned by arsenic-tainted(含砷)groundwater are facing an appalling new threat. Their rice and vegetables are also laced with high levels of arsenic. The health effects of eating such tainted food are not yet known, but the ramifications(门类)could be enormous. The WHO says contaminated drinking water alone could kill 270,080 Bangladeshis over the next decade. In a terrible irony, arsenic entered the Bangladeshi water supply when UNICEF and other international agencies sank millions of tube veils to provide clean drinking water. But the wells tapped into groundwater contaminated by arsenic from sedimentary deposits deep below Bangladesh. To deal with the problem, UNICEF and the World Bank have been testing water from wells and marking them safe or dangerous—but that testing program has been found to be flawed. To make matters worse, water from the wells is also used to irrigate paddy(水稻)fields. However, until now it wasn't known whether or not the rice was accumulating-arsenic. Tests on rice samples from around Bangladesh had found that arsenic levels did indeed vary according to the strength of local arsenic contamination in the soil and groundwater. Arsenic levels in different varieties of rice ranged from about 0.05 to 1.8 parts per million. In Europe and the US, levels are around 0.05 parts per million. The WHO recommends a maximum level of 0.01 parts per million in drinking water—but therefore, no guidelines for levels in foods. Ravi Naidu at CSIRO in Adelaide and his colleagues have been studying the uptake of arsenic from the soil by Bangladeshi crops. Their data shows that arum, a popular vegetable, has arsenic levels of nearly 150 parts per million. It is usually grown in wet zones adjacent to the tube wells. But some vegetables such as spinach and beans are relatively free from arsenic. The rice grains studied by Naidu's team had arsenic levels that ranged from undetectable to over 1.6 parts per million. Their calculations show that nearly 30 per cent of the total arsenic intake for people in Bangladesh may be coming from their food. If the body can absorb arsenic from food—and this is yet to be proven—then merely tackling drinking water contamination will not be enough. Researchers fear that paddy fields will continue to be irrigated from poisoned tube wells because Bangladesh does not have enough arsenic-free water for agriculture.

单选题Monique is studying business administration because she wants to be a highly paid ______ in a large company. A. primitive B. executive C. conservative D. representative

单选题Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong ______ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.

单选题Since the first brain scanner was constructed several years ago, computed tomography or computed medical imagery, has become fairly widely used. Its rapid acceptance is due to the fact that it has overcome several of the drawbacks of conventional X-ray technology. To begin with, conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show all of the information contained in a three-dimensional object. Things at different depths are super imposed, causing confusion to the viewer. Computed tomography can give three-dimensional information. The computer is able to reconstruct pictures of the body"s interior by measuring the varying intensities of X-ray beams passing through sections of the body from hundreds of different angles. Such pictures are based on series of thin "slices". In addition, conventional X-ray generally differentiates only between bone and air, as in the chest and lungs. They cannot distinguish soft tissues or variations in tissues. The liver and pancreas are not discernible at all, and certain other organs max only be rendered visible through the use of radio paque dye. Since computed tomography is much more sensitive, the soft tissues of the kidneys or the liver can be seen and clearly differentiated. This technique can also accurately measure different degrees of X-ray absorption, facilitating the study of the nature of tissue. A third problem with conventional X-my methods is their inability to measure quantitatively the separate densities of the individual substances through which the X-ray has passed. Only the mean absorption of all the tissues is recorded. This is not a problem with computed tomography. It can accurately locate a tumor and subsequently monitor the progress of radiation treatment, so that in addition to its diagnostic capabilities, it can play a significant role in therapy.

单选题The team should play very hard because the championship of the state was______.

单选题Which of the information is true according to the passage?

单选题 National Geographic{{U}} (61) {{/U}}fill a number of roles, says Karen Kasmauski. "We are journalists; researcher, thinkers," she says, "photography is our{{U}} (62) {{/U}}." As one of the Society's six contributing photographers-in-residence, Karen seeks to focus{{U}} (63) {{/U}}attention on global changes and how they{{U}} (64) {{/U}}human health. One promising{{U}} (65) {{/U}}is the anti-measles{{U}} (66) {{/U}}in Kenya led by the American Red Cross, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and UN{{U}} (67) {{/U}}. "These photographers-in-residence have chosen subjects they've been{{U}} (68) {{/U}}for years, subjects they're{{U}} (67) {{/U}}about," says program manager Charlene Valeri. Frans Lanting investigates{{U}} (70) {{/U}}and the danger of{{U}} (71) {{/U}}loss to animals in the wild. David Coubilet works to promote the survival of coral reef{{U}} (72) {{/U}}in the South Pacific. Sam Abell{{U}} (73) {{/U}}North American rivers from a cultural, historical, and ecological{{U}} (74) {{/U}}. Underwater photographer Emory Kristof will use{{U}} (75) {{/U}}-operated vehicles to take inventory of deep ocean{{U}} (76) {{/U}}in water off Indonesia. Annie Griffiths Belt is promoting{{U}} (77) {{/U}}of wilderness areas in North America, both in and outside of classrooms. By speaking to{{U}} (78) {{/U}}and displaying their work widely, the photographers hope to{{U}} (79) {{/U}}public support for the Society's{{U}} (80) {{/U}}.

单选题Like other religious groups, the Christian church's strong emphasis on holiness is essential to salvation. A. deemed B. doomed C. destined D. depicted

单选题It is unfortunate that the members of the committee do not______ in opinion. (2008年四川大学考博试题)

单选题Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. Before high school teacher Kimberly Rugh got down to business at the start of a recent school week, she joked with her students about how she'd had to clean cake out of the comers of her house after her 2-year-old son's birthday party. This friendly combination of chitchat took place not in front of a blackboard but in an Email message that Rugh sent to the 135 students she's teaching at the Florida Virtual School, one of the nation's leading online high schools. The school's motto is "any time, any place, any path, any pace". Florida's E-school attracts many students who need flexible scheduling, from young tennis stars and young musicians to brothers Tobias and Tyler Heeb, who take turns working on the computer while helping out with their family's clam-farming business on Pine Island, off Florida's southwest coast. Home-schoolers also are well represented. Most students live in Florida, but 55 hail from West Virginia, where a severe teacher shortage makes it hard for many students to take advanced classes. Seven kids from Texas and four from Shanghai round out the student body. The great majority of Florida Virtual Schoolers--80 percent are enrolled in regular Florida public or private high schools. Some are busy overachievers. Others are retaking classes they barely passed the first time. The school's biggest challenge is making sure that students aren't left to sink or swim on their own. After the school experienced a disappointing course completion rate of just 40 percent in its early years, Executive Director Julie Young made a priority out of what she calls "relationship-building", asking teachers to stay in frequent E-mail and phone contact with their students. That personal touch has helped: The completion rate is now 80 percent. Critics of online classes say that while they may have a limited place, they are a poor substitute for the face-to-face contact and socialization that take place in brick-and-mortar classrooms. Despite opportunities for online chats, some virtual students say they'd prefer to have more interaction with their peers. Students and parents are quick to acknowledge that virtual schooling isn't for everyone. "If your child's not focused and motivated, I can only imagine it would be a nightmare," says Patricia Haygood of Orlando, whose two daughters are thriving at the Florida school. For those who have what it takes, however, virtual learning fills an important niche. "I can work at my own pace, on my own time," says Hackney. "It's the ultimate in student responsibility."

单选题Publication of this survey had originally been intended to coincide with the annual meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, scheduled for September 29th—30th in Washington, D. C. Those meetings, and the big anti-globalization protests that had been planned to accompany them, were among the least significant casualties of the terrorist atrocities of September 11th. You might have thought that the anti-capitalist protesters, after contemplating those horrors and their aftermath, would be regretting more than just the loss of a venue for their marches. Many are, no doubt. But judging by the response of some of their leaders and many of the activists(if Internet chat rooms are any guide), grief is not always the prevailing mood. Some anti-globalists have found a kind of consolation even a cause of satisfaction, in these terrible events—that of having been as they see it, proved right. To its fiercest critics, globalization, the march of international capitalism, is a force for oppression, exploitation and injustice. The rage that drove the terrorists to commit their obscene crime was in part, it is argued, a response to that. At the very least, it is suggested, terrorism thrives on poverty and international capitalism, the protesters say, thrives on poverty too. These may be extreme positions, but the minority that holds them is not tiny, by any means. Far more important, the anti-globalists have lately drawn tacit support if nothing else, reluctance to condemn—from a broad range of public opinion. As a result, they have been, and are likely to remain, politically influential. At a time such as this, sorting through issues of political economy may seem very far removed from what matters. In one sense, it is. But when many in the West are contemplating their future with new foreboding, it is important to understand why the skeptics are wrong; why economic integration is a force for good; and why globalization, far from being the greatest cause of poverty, is its only feasible cure. Undeniably, popular support for that view is lacking. In the developed economies, support for further trade liberalization is uncertain; in some countries, voters are downright hostile to it. Starting a new round of global trade talks this year will be struggle, and seeing it through to a useful conclusion will be. The institutions that in most people's eyes represent the global economy—the IMF, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization are reviled far more widely than they are admired; the best they can expect from opinion at large is grudging acceptance. Governments, meanwhile, are accused of bowing down to business: globalization leaves them no choice. Private capital moves across the planet unchecked. Wherever it goes, it bleeds democracy of content and puts "profits before people".

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