英译汉I have suggested that self-actualizers can be defined as people who are no longer motivated by the needs for safety, belongingness, love, status, and self-respect because these needs have already been satisfied. Why then should a love-gratified person fall in love? 【C1】Certainly not for the same reasons that motivate the love-deprived person, who falls in love because he needs and craves love, because he lacks it, and is impelled to make up this deficiency. Self-actualizers have no serious deficiencies to make up and must now be looked upon as freed for growth, maturation, development, in a word, for the fulfillment and actualization of their highest individual and species nature. What such people do emanates from growth and expresses it without striving. 【C2】They love because they are loving persons, in the same way that they are kind, honest, natural, i.e., because it is their nature to be so spontaneous, as a strong man is strong without willing to be, as a rose emits perfume, as a cat is graceful, or as a child is childish. Such epiphenomena are as little motivated as is physical growth or psychological maturation. There is little of the trying, straining, or striving in the loving of the self-actualizer that so dominates the loving of the average person. In philosophical language, it is an aspect of being as well as of becoming and ban be called B-love, that, love for the Being of the other. 【C3】A paradox seems to be created at first sight by the fact that self-actualizing people maintain a degree of individuality, of detachment, and autonomy that seems at first glance to be incompatible with the kind of identification and love that I have been describing above. But this is only an apparent paradox. 【C4】As we have seen, the tendencies to detachment and to need identification and to profound interrelationships with another person can coexist in healthy people. The fact is that self-actualizing people are simultaneously the most individualistic and the most altruistic and social and loving of all human beings. The fact that we have in our culture put these qualities at opposite ends of a single continuum is apparently a mistake that must now be corrected. These qualities go together and the dichotomy is resolved in self-actualizing people. 【C5】We find in our subjects a healthy selfishness, a great self-respect, a disinclination to make sacrifices without good reason.

写作题Directions: Write a passage about 150 words on the following topic. Topic：Housing Problems in Big Cities

写作题Practical Writing( 10% ) Directions: Write a letter of invitation of about 1 O0 words to your close friend Tom, asking him to come and stay for a week-end with your family at your riverside cottage: (a) you have not seen him for a long time; (b) the country air will do him good; (c) he can catch a train after work on Friday; (d) you ask him to let you know the time of his arrival; (e) you will meet him at the station.

写作题Directions:Please write an argumentation based on the following topic and elaborate your point of view in about 200 words.Remember to write your composition neatly and clearly on Answer Sheet II . "Is a Little Learning Dangerous?"

写作题Directions: A

写作题Direction：In this part there is a passage in Chinese. Read it carefully and then Write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage. 入世后看病如何挑医院 合资医院服务好，价格高 入世后，许多人需要医疗保健时，总是毫不犹豫地选择洋医院，理由很简单，就是冲着洋医院的服务去的。一般来说，洋医院医生中大多数持有外国医师执业执照，在候诊室里，沙发、电视、茶点、杂志一应俱全，大厅里有儿童乐园，走廊里还播放着轻松优雅的背景音乐。在这里，病人被视为“客人”，他们不必排队挂号，不必楼上楼下跑，划价、交费、取药在一个窗口。病人的候诊时间不超过10分钟，看病时，每位病人不能少于45分钟，病人可以充分地向医生表述病情，医护人员保证全方位服务。在候诊时，医生还会增加心理咨询、健康教育等内容。来到这里，病人可以感到家一样的温馨。 不过洋医院目前的收费是很高的，在北京的洋医院里，看一次感冒需要500元左右，在这500元左右的费用中药费仅占100元左右。洋医院所收费用的80％是患者为院方提供的高质量服务而付的，而公立医院的收入则主要来自药品差价，有的达到了总收入的90％。可见，洋医院与公立医院最大的不同是，前者挣得是 服务费，后者挣得是药品钱。 民营医院有发展空间 民营医院一般是指民间、社会资本占主体的医院。目前，我国约有民办医院400多家，私人诊所137万个，个体医生近20万名。从总体看民办医疗机构虽然在数量上占全国卫生机构总数的41％，但主要为规模较小的私人诊所，每年为社会提供的医疗服务量大约占总量的百分之几，目前的基础设施、诊疗设备、技术水平等方面，还难以与具备优势的公立医院形成公平、有效的竞争局面。 民营医院的出现让人想起十几年前人们对超市的概念认识也是比较模糊的。既使总认为里面装修豪华、高档，但因货物很贵而不愿意进门。而今超市大大普及了，人们纷纷进入购物，因为物有所值。民营医院或许正有类似的经历，它业将有一个自然成长的过程。而2002年我国政府又提出了在卫生资源相对过剩的地方，鼓励投资者通过收购、重组现有公立医院的方式，举办营利性医疗机构和民办非营利性医疗机构，提出了社会资本投资着重于目前服务能力较欠缺的老年慢性病护理、康复、婴幼儿保健等领域。据悉，5年内全国65万家医院的40%要办成民营医院。政府目前正会同有关部门研究其中的一些政策性问题。随着社会观念的变化和政策环境的改善，民营医院必能与公立医院相辅相成，互争高低，成为医疗卫生界一道独特的风景，从而为人民群众提供更多更好的医疗服务。 公立医院正进行全方位的改革 长期以来， 我国的公立医院一直享有政府支持和财政补贴。其基础建设、技术力量、医疗设备堪称雄厚，且明显高于民营医院。老百姓看病已经习惯去公立医院，更何况到公立医院看病各种费用低于合资医院。不同于民营医院的是，医药费还可以报销。但是公立医院存在的问题，又使老百姓看病时满腹牢骚。比如挂号时间长、交费时间长、候诊时间长、看病时间短等问题。尤其公立医院的服务问题，一直困扰着医患关系实行正常化。 加入WTO后，洋医院先进的医疗技术、仪器和管理手段对公立医院将构成威胁。为了留住病人，公立医院开始实施全方位的改革措施，不仅在管理体制上、人事制度上进行改革，而且更多的是纷纷打起了技术、服务、环境、价格牌。比如许多公立医院花巨资增添先进仪器和对门诊进行全面改造。据悉，有的医院开始了医生预约制，不管患者到不到，在预约的时间里，医生都得等病人。还比如公立医院之间共同组建医疗协作体，其用意一是提高医疗技术，而是扩大服务阵营。

写作题TOPIC 　　“To get success, you need friends; to get huge success, you need enemies. ” Do you agree with this saying or not? Why or why not?

写作题As the society develops, interpersonal relationships are getting more and more indifferent. Please make comment on the phenomena.

写作题TOPIC People often come up with different decisions when facing the same situation. Why?

写作题Directions: Have you ever attempted to question academic authority in your learning and research process? What do you think are the appropriate attitudes towards academic authority? Write an essay of no less than 150 words to explain your opinions on this issue. Write your answer on ANSWER SHEET 2.

写作题1

写作题Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic. Remember to write your composition on Answer Sheet II. My Views about the Future of China

写作题Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Innovation Consciousness of Ph. D. Students in China. The essay should be based on the outline below: 1. Importance of innovation consciousness in research work; 2. Current situation of innovation consciousness of Ph. D. students in China; 3. Measures to enhance innovation consciousness of Ph. D. students in China.