问答题世界与宇宙的本质是什么?这是中国哲学的基本问题。春秋时期的思想家老子是第一个尝试进行阐释的中国哲学家，老子认为“道”乃宇宙及世界之源。道无始终，“道”即“天”，“天”即“道”。老子主张“道法自然”。这个观点揭示了一个平凡但深刻的真理：天、地、人及世间的一切都有着自然的属性，人类作为自然的一部分应当遵循自然的法则，而不应无节制地向自然索取。

问答题现代人是在陶醉于电视的状态中成长的。他们耽搁了吃饭，不做家务，牺牲了睡眠时间。电视是普天下的安静剂。母亲为了哄孩子们不哭闹，往往把他们往电视机前一放，而不管他们所看的电视节目的内容是什么——只要他们保持安静就行了。

问答题对某些人来说，克隆不克隆的问题在某种意义上可以比作是生还是死的问题。

问答题Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in n/any fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years than in the entire previous history of science. While no single discovery has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that nuclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless tree that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance——making the consequences of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.

问答题语言学无疑是学术领域争论最热门的话题。它淫浸着诗人、神学者、哲学家、语言学家、心理学家、生物学家和神经学家的血液，融入了文法家的方方面面。 目前以“语言学家”之名从事的大多数工作纯粹是描述性的；语言学家试图不通过价值判断或尝试绘制出未来语言发展的方向就来澄清语言的本质。但是，有许多专业人土和业余爱好者也在制定语言规则，他们规定出专门标准让大家遵守。而规定语法学家(prescriptivists)可能是想勾画出他们猜想什么是所谓的“错误的用法”，描写语言学家(descriptivists)却试图找到这种用法的根源；他们可能仅仅把它描述为“特殊的”，或者可能想找到规定语法学家不喜欢的规律性。规定语法学家之所以不喜欢这些规律，要么是因为它太新，要么是因为它源自一种他们不认可的方言。20世纪下半叶，规定性语法的传统受到越来越激烈的批评，这可以从他们反对的调子越来越微弱得到证明，但规定性语法的传统还远远没有消亡。

问答题Every human society has its own particular culture, or sociocultural system, which overlaps to some extent with other systems. Variation among sociocultural systems is attributable to physical habitats and resources; to the range of possibilities inherent in various areas of activity, such as language, rituals and customs, and the manufacture and use of tools, and to the degree of social development. Adaptation and change take place within and among cultures by means of ecological and environmental changes.

问答题1. 科学家认为，出生在夏天将赋予你开朗的性情，而出生在冬天则可能给你的快乐蒙上永久的阴影。 实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响人体生物钟运转的速度。冬天出生的人体内的生物钟运转得太慢，从而可能对健康和性格产生影响。这一离奇有趣的理论来自一项对老鼠的研究，该研究把刚出生的老鼠暴露在不等量的光线下长达数月。 2. 有些老鼠被放置在夏天的光照条件下，每天有16小时的“白天”和8个小时的“黑夜”。其他老鼠则只有8个小时的“白天”，和冬天昼短夜长的光照条件类似。 在这些老鼠断奶后，他们被放置在相同的光照周期中长达数周，或转换到相反的光照环境。最后，科学家把它们都放置到黑暗中，观察它们的反应。 3. 根据《自然神经科学》杂志的报道，那些在夏天的光照条件下成长起来的老鼠像往常一样作息，而那些在缺少光线的环境中成长起来的老鼠在应对这一变化时却显得吃力。 研究者道格拉斯·麦克马洪教授说：“在冬天的光照周期中成长起来的老鼠对于季节的变化表现出夸大的反应，这和得了季节性情感抑郁症的人类病患的反应极其相似。”

问答题几年前我认识一个非常聪明但任性的中国青年，他急切地想去美国读大学，但又没有被他申请的长春藤联合会名牌大学录取。所幸的是，一所在美国人，特别是受过高等教育的美国人当中享有盛誉的规模较小的文科大学向他提供了奖学金，但这所大学在中国几乎不为人知。凡是听我说起他的情况的美国人都觉得他真该高兴，然而，这位年轻人却被焦虑所困扰。这所大学的名次在他所咨询的排行榜上并不靠前，他的同学们也全然不知这所学校，因此同学们的祝贺也就不那么热烈了。难道这一“成功”真是个失败?他是不是该留在北京上那所已录取他的尖子大学?或者是他到了美国就转学到一所他认为原本应接收他的名牌大学去?当启程的时间到来时，他是那么拿不定主意，乃至向朋友们表示遗憾。 这个例子显示了排名的害处。要想知道什么意味着最好的大学显然是不可能的，因为每个人的标准都与别人不同；即使他们都同意某一个特定标准，他们对一个学校的估价也往往反映出信息的不完整和个人的不问看法等问题。我也许特别关注图书馆的质量，你可能强调计算机的使用方便程度，另一个人可能觉得图书馆与计算机都不如师生的交往重要，这又该如何确定呢?

问答题1．近几年大学校园出现了一股过洋节热。 2．阐明导致该现象的原因。 3．分析该社会现象的影响。

问答题72. Chinese-English Translation Directions: Translate the following into English and write your translation on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ. 但是，对于所有的正在进行的激动人心的工作而言，科学远没有达到一个能塑造完美的 人或者甚至一个完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治疗普及之前，仍然需要作大量研 究。如果许多疾病真的可以治疗的话，那将花上数十年的时间。 就短期而言，基因筛选将是运用技术的最可行的办法。医生们能在治疗各种DNA 缺陷之前检验它们。在某种情况下，这些信息可以延续疾病的发作或是减轻它的病症。 例如，一个有着遗传性易患心脏病体质的人可以进行低脂肪的饮食。如果科学家测出由于 制造一种重要蛋白质的基因存在缺陷从而导致这种蛋白质丢失的话，也许科学家就可以给 这位病人提供人工蛋白质。然而，在其他情况下，对于阻止由于基因突变而导致的不幸 几乎无能为力。

问答题中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。然而，我国人口众多，资源向对不足，经济规模越来越大，经济发展与资源和环境之间的矛盾日益突出。环境污染严重，生态状况恶化、资源耗费巨大、回收率低而导致环境破坏等问题，已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。 从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的进程中，已将环境保护视为一项基本国策，将实现经济可持续发展视为一项重要战略，同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动，环境恶化的状况基本得到了控制。实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。人类发展只有合理地利用自然界，与自然界保持和谐关系，才能维持和发展人类所创造的文明，才能与自然界共生共荣、协调发展。中国作为国际社会的成员，在努力保护自己环境的同时，还积极参与国际环保事务，促进国际环保合作，并认真履行国际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人民保护全球环境的诚意和决心。

问答题It is known that more and more universities in China are seeking to increase their enrollment. As a result, more than ever universities are becoming career-oriented. Write a composition "University: Where Will You Go?" with 300 words to give your comment.

问答题连续四年实施积极的财政政策，对遏制通货紧缩趋势，克服世界经济增长减速带来的影响，促进国民经济持续快速健康发展，发挥了重大作用。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. Each for its own reason, the study of residential mobility has been a concern of three disciplines: sociology, economics, and geography. For the economist, residential shifts provide a means for studying the housing and land markets. 71.{{U}} Geographers study mobility to understand the spatial distributions of population types. For the sociologist, interest in residential mobility has two sources: one stemming from the study of human ecology and the other, from a concern with the peculiar qualities of urban life. Of course, there are clearly overlapping concerns and it is often difficult to discern the disciplinary origins of a researcher by soly examining the kinds of questions he or she raises about mobility although it is usually easier to identify a researcher's discipline by nothing the methods used and the concepts employed.{{/U}} Urban mobility first appears in the sociological literature as a term expressing rather generalized qualities of urban, as opposed to non-urban life. 72. {{U}}Some sociologists refer to the mobility of the city as the considerable sum of myriad and incessant sources of stimulation impinging upon the urban dweller, a sort of sensory overload which produces sophistication, indifference, and a lowered level of affect in urban dwellers, There is simply so much to experience that the urban dweller's capacity is reduced to react in a a spontaneous" and "natural" way to urban existence.{{/U}} 73. {{U}}It is mobility in this sense that produces some of the special qualities of urban life, which appeal to migrants as an escape from the dullness and oppression of rural existence with its lack of change and stimulation, and, on the other hand produces anomie (社会反常状态)and alienation in a society where men see each other primarily as means to ends rather than as ends in themselves.{{/U}} Of course, mobility in this larger sense of sensory overload is not a system property.

问答题But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self respecting? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office as centers of production and work?

问答题Some people say that in the highly developed industrial and material society, people are degenerating (退化) and are being dehumanized (使失去人性), and people can not live in harmony with nature. Do you agree with them? Why or why not? Living in Harmony with Nature in a Post-industrial society? 2. A number of scholars have recently asserted that there exist large-scale human-induced environmental pressures, which lead to acute (尖锐的) social conflict. What are the effects of intervening (干预的，介入的 ) factors on the relation of human activity, environmental change, and acute social conflict according to your understand? Causes of Conflicts Resulted from Environmental Change 3. With the coming of globalization, cross-cultural communication will be increasingly important In your opinion, what will be the future trends of the Chinese culture? {{B}} The Future Trends of Chinese Culture{{/B}}

问答题Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese on the ANSWER SHEET.Without doubt, the international relations appear at times bewildering. Students may at times feel that their efforts to understand the complexities of the international system today are futile. The task is a difficult one, but it is not futile. It requires patience and persistence as well as logical inquiry and flexible perspectives.