问答题The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U. S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don't know how to think about health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level.

问答题尽管中国的经济影响力以及日益升温的爱国主义热情支持中国政府在亚洲地区事务中发挥更大的作用，但是从根本上讲，中国政府的战略举措一直颇为被动。中国仍然是一个被动的国际事务参与者，其外交举措主要集中在回击被中央政府视为别国挑衅的行为上，不过其对挑衅行为的判断却时而准确，时而偏颇。在中国政府看来，别国的挑衅行为包括从日本国有化有主权争议的岛屿到对朝鲜实施制裁的所有事件。 中国外交的被动倾向在一定程度上是自身结构性缺陷的产物。中国经济的迅猛增长已经使中国以远超其领导人预期的速度成为了超级大国。不过，中国外交及国际谈判的相关机构却不胜其任，不能与其引人注目的经济成就相匹配，这令中国在与其他大国的交往上处于不利地位。中国国家领导层还认为。在开拓本国的外交路线前，有必要优先处理好国内事务。而中国对经济改革的迫切需求意味着，中国自身的发展尚未转化成更强的自信。

问答题近年以至今后数年，对中国经济体制改革影响最大的事情，莫过于加入世界贸易组织。特别是近两年的各项改革，几乎无一不是在适应世贸组织的要求，且改革的步伐明显加快，改革也开始越来越深入到计划经济的最核心领域。因而，可以说，中国经济体制在经过了20多年的渐进改革之后，终于开始大步迈向市场经济的轨道了。

问答题Man created language. It was man"s way of communicating with his fellow man. The difference between oral and written language was that oral language could take the human voice to infuse it with the shades of deeper meaning. Mrs. Flowers was nearly singing when she read A Tale of Two Cities. It sounded beautiful. Her reading made me realize the wonder of language. Mrs. Flowers gave me novels and poems. I learned value of life from these books and realized how beautiful the language of literature works was.

问答题The world's long romance with speed may finally be ending. Even if Concorde (协和式飞机) flies again, its antique nature was revealed as soon as the Paris accident made people scratch their heads and ask quite why these odd aircraft were still flying. Much of the technology that surrounded us has, when we look at it afresh, a Jules Verne quality solving problems that once seemed important in ways that ingenious but not necessarily efficient or safe. The reorientation of science toward the biological and computer frontiers is now truism, but the 19th-century fascination with motive power has retained a powerful hold on our imaginations and our economies. (1) {{U}}Advances in motive power were for a long while the main way in which progress and national competition in technology were measured. First at sea, then on the railways, then on the roads, in the air and finally in space, more and more repaid movement was seen as a carefree good thing and also, in some vague way, as a key to a fuller understanding of the world{{/U}}. So intoxicating was this ultimate way in which the growing speed and reach of man-made vehicles could be used that when an unknown rocket enthusiast called Hermann Oberth published his By Rocket to Interplanetary Space in the 1920s, it represented such an escape from the difficulties of the present to the anxious citizens of Weimar Germany (德国魏玛共和国) that it became a bestseller overnight. (2) {{U}}For individual sportsmen, pilots and drivers, speed had the status of a privileged substance to which, in those early days, only a minority had full access. Mechanized speed made men, and a few women, into heroes, and it remains a commodity to which males, in particular, are attracted{{/U}}. The front of the Boys Own Annual of half a century ago would typically feature a speeding train in the middle ground, a fast aeroplane above, and a racing car in the foreground, its time and behind the times, since the era of small-scale luxury air travel was over. A preoccupation with speed has always gone hand in hand with a preoccupation with safety, the two standards between them providing a way in which advanced states calibrate the state of civilization. Increasing speeds have indicated technical progress, while accidents indicate loss of control. The first world lives in constant fear of regression, of losing the scientific and organizational edge that enables it to be both fast and safe. That is one reason why air and sea accidents can attain such mythic status. The disparate treatment of first and third world accidents in the Western press is probably due more to the feeling that accidents are indicators of technical health than to any devaluation of African or Asian lives. Speed still has its kingdom, but it is shrinking. Its limits have long ago been reached on the roads, and its value in the air, even for manned military aircraft, is diminished agility and protection are as or more important. (3) {{U}}It is still marginally attractive to make trains go faster. The pursuit of physical speed has been replaced by the pursuit of near instantaneity on the Net, an aim which we may in time come to regard just as skeptically{{/U}}. It is hard to imagine the mood in which David Lean's The Sound Barrier was made in 1952. Breaking that barrier seemed to hold the key to a mystery, but there was no mystery. Man can go faster, but that does not mean it is worth doing so.

问答题Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 200 words. Write it neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. Quite a few teachers complain about students reading fewer books than before. In fact, students nowadays spend more time surfing on the Internet and watching movies on DVD's. Naturally they spend less time reading books. Do you think that students today are less knowledgeable because they read fewer books?

问答题71. What were the Chinese Communists like? In what way did they resemble, in what way were they unlike, Communists or Socialists elsewhere? The tourists asked if they wore long beards, made noises with their soup, and carried homemade bombs in their briefcases. The serious-minded wanted to know whether they were "genuine" Marxists. Did they read Capital and the works of Lenin? Had they a thoroughly Socialist economic program? Were they Stalinists or Trotskyites? Or neither? Were they true internationalists? "Mere tools of Moscow," or primarily nationalists struggling for an independent China? Who were these warriors who had fought so long, so fiercely, so courageously, and—as admitted by observers of every color, and privately among Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek's own followers — on the whole so invincibly? What made them fight like that? What held them up? What was the revolutionary basis of their movement? 72. What were the hopes and aims and dreams that had made of them the incredibly stubborn warriors—incredible compared with the history of compromise that is China—who had endured hundreds of battles, blockade, salt shortage, famine, disease, epidemic, and finally the Long March of 6,000 miles, in which they crossed twelve provinces of China, broke through thousands of Kuomintang troops and triumphantly emerged at last into a new base in the Northwest? 73. Who were their leaders? Were they educated men with a fervent belief in an ideal, an ideology and a doctrine? Social prophets, or mere ignorant peasants blindly fighting for an existence? What kind of man was Mao Tes-Tung, No. 1 "Red bandit" on Nanking's list, for whose capture, dead or alive, Chiang Kai-Shek offered a reward of a quarter of a million silver dollars? What went on inside that highly priced Oriental head7 or was Mao really already dead, as Nanking officially announced? What was Chu Tes like—the commander-in-chief of the Red Army, whose life had the same value to Nanking? Who were the many other Red .leaders repeatedly reported dead, only to reappear in news—unscathed and commanding new forces against the Kuomintang?

问答题Despite the web, we watch more television than ever. In the chaos of today's media and technology brawl—iPod vs. Zune, Google vs. Yahoo, Windows vs. Linux, Intel vs. AMD—we can declare one unlikely winner. Standing tall in a field of new tech wonders, it's a geezer technology that are invented in the 1920s and commercialized in the 1940s, and it's still more powerful than any thing created since. 45. As you try to figure out where consumer infotech is going, and what it means for society, remember this big, central reality. People just want more television. If you doubt it, look at today's biggest news in tech. It continually centers on new ways to bring consumers the thing they crave above all else. 46. Sony flooded the recent Consumer Electronics Show with products that put Internet video on your TV set, as did almost every other consumer electronics company. At the simultaneous Macworld Expo, Apple chief Steve Jobs introduced Apple TV, which does the same thing. Verizon said it will soon offer live TV on cellphone screens. It will also sell full-length programs for viewing whenever you want. Put it all together, and we have achieved a nirvana that didn't exist even a year ago. unlimited television available 24/7 on every screen you own. It's no surprise, of course. 47. Ever since the basic facts of steadily multiplying processor power and bandwidth became apparent, seers have confidently predicted this day. They just as confidently predicted what it would mean. traditional television's demise. Once the World Wide Web appeared in the mid-1990s, the future looked very clear. Boring old TV, the scheduled programs that come to you through a coaxial cable or satellite dish or antenna, would fade away. 48. Which is exactly the opposite of what has happened. Despite many Net Age alternatives, we Americans today watch more boring old TV than ever, which is saying something. How can that be? My theory is the Two-Liter Coke Principle. The Coca-Cola company discovered long ago that if it could get people to bring home bigger bottles of Coke, those people would drink more than they used to. Just getting more Coke in front of them increased their consumption. It seems to be the same with TV. Put more of it in front of people—over 100 channels in many homes—and people will watch more. Seen from this perspective, the latest announcements of new TV-related technology look simply like additional ways to put more TV in front of American consumers. The supposed threat from the Internet was that we'd cut back on TV as we spent more time on MySpace or in Second Life. We may well spend more time on such new Net attractions, but we're unlikely to take that time away from video viewing. We're more likely to cut back on things we consider less important, like sleep. 49. No one has evaluated TV better than the great New Yorker essayist E. B. White, who in 1938 wrote, "We shall stand or fall by television, of that I am sure. " We still don't know which it will be, but his assessment looks truer than ever.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In this section you are required to write an essay in accordance with the following requirements: 1. Tide: On Businessmen's and Businesswomen's Further Pursuit of Knowledge. 2. Time limit: 40 minutes. 3. Word limit: 180--200 words 4. Your composition must be written on the ANSWER SHEET.

问答题1．试给“美国文化”下一定义。 2．说说你通过哪些途径学习美国文化。 3．谈谈你从研究美国文化中获得了哪些收获。

问答题尽管美国的制造业就业岗位长期流失，但由于在飞机和高科技设备等高价值的研发和生产等方面能力卓越，美国的制造业方面仍处于世界领先地位。与此同时，中国的主要产品还是低成本的服装和消费类电子产品。在产品价值方面美国的产品占世界制造业总产值的20％以上，大约是中国的两倍。中国的人口众多，国民人均产值仅为美国的1／7；在居民生活水平方面，中美两国的差距就更大了，中国家庭商品的平均消费只有美国的1／14。

问答题In the long period from 1500 to 1800, western European nation-states were all influenced by a set of ideas. known as mercantilism. (111) Mercantilist doctrine and institutions were important because they were held by practical businesspeople and heads of stare who strongly influenced public policy and institutional change. The primary aim of mercantilists was to achieve power and wealth for the state. To generate an inflow of gold or silver through trade, the value of exports should exceed the value of imports. And the state could attain great power only if political and economic unity became a fact. (112) If all the materials necessary to foster domestic industry were not available they could best be obtained by establishing colonies or friendly foreign trading posts from which such goods could be imported. And a strong merchant marine could carry foreign goods, thereby helping to secure favorable trade balances. (113) Mercantilists believed that these means of achieving national power could be made effective by the passage and strict enforcement of legislation regulating economic life. (114) Almost as soon as Virginia tobacco began to be shipped in commercial quantities to England, King James I levied a tax on it while agreeing to prohibit the growth of competing tobacco in England. Taxes, regulation, and subsidies were all used as mercantile policies, but the primary ones that affected the colonies were the Navigation Acts. In 1640s, Americans had slipped into the habit of shipping their goods directly to continental ports, and the Dutch made great inroads into the carrying trade of the colonies. After the Restoration, England was in a position to enforce a strict commercial policy, beginning with the Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663. Despite the continued modifications to these acts by policy changes, it is sufficient to note three primary categories of trade restriction: (115) All trade of the colonies was to be carried in vessels that were English built and owned, commanded by an English captain, and manned by a crew of whom three-quarters were English. All foreign merchants were excluded from dealing directly in the commerce of the English colonies. They could engage in colonial trade only through England and merchants resident there. Certain commodities produced in the colonies could be exported only to England (essentially any destination within the Empire). These "enumerated" goods included sugar, tobacco, cotton, indigo, ginger and so on.

问答题Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below: Topic: China's Auto Industry

问答题一位负责扶贫工作的官员说，到2(X)4年底，尽管大多数贫困人口将解决温饱问题，还将有一些生活极端贫困的人们，他们还需要政府资助。此外，对于那些刚刚脱贫的人们，他们目前的生活状况必须改善，因为他们的生产和生活状况没有从根本上被改变。如果遭受自然灾害的袭击，就可能回到原来的贫困状况。另外，现在的贫困线标准非常低，要使全体中国人过更好的生活，长期的艰苦斗争将必不可少。 2．中国的饮食方式正在发生许多变化。众所周知，中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史。人们采用肉、蔬菜、豆制品等能做出各种美味食品，但往往耗时多。这一点与快节奏的现代社会极不相符。如今我们有了许多不同的选择：除传统家常菜外，还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。由于午休时间短，人们不愿在吃上花时间，因而各种快捷、便宜的快餐成了人们，特别是年轻人的首选。

问答题{{B}} The Basis for Social Order{{/B}} Man, said Aristotle, is a social animal. This sociability requires peaceful congregation, and the history of mankind is mainly a movement through time of human collectivities that range from migrant tribal bands to large and complex civilizations. Survival has been due to the ability to create the means by which men in groups retain their unity and allegiance to one another. Order was caused by the need and desire to survive the challenge of the environment. This orderly condition called the "state", and the roles that maintained it, file "law". With time the partner to this tranquility, man marched across the centuries of his evolution to the brink of exploring the boundaries of his own galaxy. Of all living organisms, only man has the capacity to interpret his own evolution as progress. As social life changed, the worth and rights of each member in the larger group, of which he was a part, increased. As the groups grew from clans to civilizations, the value of the individual did not diminish, but became instead a guide to the rules that govern all men.

问答题一本好书就是一位益友。它始终如一，过去如此，现在依然如此，将来也绝不会改变。它是最有耐心、最令人愉悦的朋友。在我们身处逆境、痛苦不堪的时候，它也不会背弃我们。它总是善意地接待我们，在我们年轻时给我们以快乐和教益，在我们年迈时给我们以安抚和慰藉。书籍的灵魂是不朽的，它们是人类迄今最为持久的结晶。

问答题许多有胆识的外国投资者决心在中国西部同当地企业一起建立合资企业。

问答题Everyone has something they are ashamed of, afraid of or that they feel guilty about. Each of us, in our own way, has devised a neat little method of handling our dark side. We may know how to hide it. Few of us know how to heal it. When we refuse to admit what we have done in the past, we block out path to the future. No matter how terrible we think we are, how bad we belive we have been, how law we think we have fallen, we can clean our minds and begin again.

问答题【T1】 When you are in the business of sending spacecraft to other planets, it is probably wise to do everything you can to keep your space-probes sterile(无菌的). NASA, America's space agency, certainly does so. After all, you would not want bugs from one planet to contaminate another where they might possibly thrive. But according to Curt Mileikowsky, of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, this may already have happened naturally billions of years ago when the solar system was young. For Dr. Mileikowsky has taken a century-old idea called panspermia(有生源说), and shown that it is plausible. 【T2】 Panspermia is the theory that life does not start independently on each planet that has it(assuming that other planets do). Rather, it hops from place to place, "infecting" new worlds as it goes. Supported by experts in biology, geology and celestial mechanics, Dr. Mileikowsky argued to the American Astronomical Society meeting in Atlanta that this is not as outlandish as it sounds. 【T3】 Bungling(笨手笨脚的)space organizations apart, the only mode of travel open to microbes seems to be meteorites(流星). Most of these are small bits of junk from the asteroid(小行星)belt that have gone off course. But some are rocks that have been flung into space from the surfaces of planets as a result of those planets having been struck by even larger bits of rock—decent-sized asteroids or comets. 【T4】 If there is life on such a planet, microscopic forms of it will probably live deep inside rocks, as they do on earth. The acceleration of lift-off would not kill something that size. 【T5】 If a rock is large enough, the heat generated as it is thrown clear will be negligible except at its surface—where, if anything, melting may even produce an airtight skin to protect any microbes deeper down from the unpleasant vacuum of space.