问答题The magnitude of the problem of disappearing species, viewed worldwide, dwarfs resources currently available to address it. By the end of the century, experts predict, one species will be lost every hour. Faced with shrinking budgets and accelerating extinction rates, environmental managers agonize over which species to save. (1) Different criteria for placing value on species--ecological, economic, aesthetic, cultural--compete with one another, and controversy abounds. One proposal for sidestepping direct debates about the value of species is to adopt a system of triage, which takes its name from the French policy of sorting wartime casualties into three categories for medical treatment: those with superficial wounds that do not require immediate attention; those with wounds too serious to make treatment efficacious; and those in the middle range, having serious but treatable wounds. Once the issue is formulated in this manner, it seems obvious that efforts toward species preservation are best concentrated in the third category. (2) Scarce funds and energies should be targeted at saving those species that are both in need of saving and susceptible to being saved. But the most arresting formulation of an issue is not always the most illuminating one; (3) it will be useful to stand back from the triage formulation (三级分类法), which casts the problem of setting priorities as one of sorting species into categories, and ask whether there are other, more fruitful ways to look at the problem. The endangered species problem is not a single problem. It is more accurately seen as four closely related problems: what should be done when a species' population becomes so depleted as to threaten its continued existence; (4) what should be done to keep relatively healthy populations from declining and thereby falling into the threatened category; how to avert, or at least slow, the predicted and potentially cataclysmic reduction of biological diversity over the next few decades; and how to slow the trend toward conversion of natural systems to intense human use? In the triage formulation the priorities problem is most naturally associated with the first question, because it considers threats to individual species. (5) Once threatened, species require management initiatives designed to protect and nurture them, individually. But the goal of protecting biological diversity should not be reduced to the goal of protecting remnant populations of threatened species. If one thinks about the endangered species problem in this way, there is a tendency to treat it as merely a problem of protecting genetic diversity, with each species regarded as a repository for a set of genes.

问答题The positive effect of science. 2. The side effects of science. 3. Make the best use of the positive effects of science and avoid its side effects.

问答题The Single long a stock figure in stories, songs and personal ads. was traditionally someone at the margins of society: a figure of fun, pity or awe. In the place of withered spinsters and bachelors are people like Elizabeth de Kergorlay, a 29-year-old Parisian banker who views her independence and her own apartment as the spoils of professional success. As the sages would say, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. 45. This isn't the stuff of gloomy philosophical meditations, but a fact of Europe's new economic landscape, embraced by demographers, realestate developers and ad executives alike. 46. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyles, observes French sociologist, Jean-Claude Kaufmanns, is part of the "irresistible momentum of individualism" over the last century. 47. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have wreaked havoc on Europeans' private lives. More and more of them are remaining on their own: they're living longer, divorcing more and marrying later-if at all. British marriage rates are the lowest in 160 years of records. INSEE, France's National Institute of Statistics, reports that the number of French people living alone doubled between 1968 and 1990. Europe's new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. 48. The current generation of homealoners came of age during Europe's shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capital-ism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today's techsavvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. A recent poll by the Institute Francois Dominion Publique, the French affiliate of the Gallup poll, found that 58 percent of French respondents viewed living alone as a choice, not an obligation. Other European singles agree. "I've always wanted to be free to go on adventures," says Iris Expender, who lives by herself in Berlin.

问答题WriteacompositionaccordingtothefollowingdirectionsandyourcompositionmustbewrittenontheAnswerSheet.ThegraphshowsthepercentageofmenandwomenemployedinexecutivepositionsinACMEOilCompanyfromJuly1993toJune1994.Writeareportofatleast160wordsforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshowninthegraphandgivingyourcomment.OfficerGradeA-HighestOfficerGradeE-Lowest

问答题你不能单靠成功来摆脱嫉妒，因为历史上总是有人比你更成功。享受你手头的幸福，做你应该做的工作，勿把你所幻想的——也许是完全错误地——比你更幸运的人来和自己比较，这样你才能摆脱嫉妒。

问答题In 2007, I attended the Trade Ministers' meeting in Bali on the relationship between trade and climate change. In Bali, I sent a simple message: climate first, and trade second. And that message still stands today. It was and continues to be, a message that is designed to uphold the Copenhagen Climate Summit at the end of this year. The climate crisis that we are witnessing today is the single biggest challenge to civilization as we know it. Responding to that crisis is urgent, and is a top priority on the international agenda. Because that crisis is so serious, responding to it requires that we unleash all our resourcefulness and creativity. While the multilateral trading system has a key role to play on the international economic and political landscape, that trading system is designed to enhance, and not reduce, human welfare. It cannot stand as a barrier to the fight against climate change -- in particular, to the conclusion of a "global" environmental accord. Climate negotiators needed to conclude an international treaty from which the WTO would take its cue. To truly enhance human welfare, the trading system needs to respond to the signals that would be sent to it by a successful Copenhagen accord.

问答题You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. You have just read an article in your local newspaper, according to which the airport of yom city will be enlarged in order to add flights. Write a letter to the city authorities, complaining that this plan will seriously inconvenience the people who live near the airport. You should write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write your own address. Begin your letter as follows: Dear ______,

问答题Directions: Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article. 人格变化 自从现代心理学建立以来，由老龄化引发的人格变化一直是大家争论的话题。人格发展理论有两大主要流派。第一个流派认为成年人的人格是相对稳定的。例如，麦克卡雷和考斯塔指出25～30岁以上的成年人的人格结构一般不会有大的变化。弗洛伊德认为一个人的人格发展到了青春期就相对完整，40岁以后几乎就不会再发生变化。这些作者认为人格发展就像身高一样，逐渐稳定并进入最佳成熟状态。另一方面，第二个流派认为人格以可塑性与变化为特征，人格发展会随着人生阅历变化而发生变化。卡斯皮和巴尔迪茨主张，虽然人格显现出一定的稳定性，但人与环境间的交互作用极其复杂，人格变化会贯穿于人的一生。 人格特点的纵向研究表明，基本的人格特征在成年人阶段还是相对稳定的。例如，巴尔迪摩的纵向研究发现，诸如情绪性、外倾性、开放性等在内的人格衡量指标在10年或更长的时间内存在显著的稳定性。科学家们在明尼苏达州进行的一项长达30年的相同研究也得出了类似的结论。而且，在老年人中进行的访谈发现，一个人的自我意象似乎没有随着年龄的增长而发生什么变化。这使得一些人类学家推断自我意象本质上是“永恒的”。很多理论学者相信一旦进入成年期，人格不再有显著的变化。然而，近期的纵向研究发现绝对稳定性被高估了。事实上，人们已经发现了成年期出现的显著的个人内在变化。一般说来，随着宜人性和责任感的增加，情绪性、外倾性降低。这就意味着心理层面上的成熟始于成人阶段之初。随着年龄的增长，成熟速度下降，但持续性的重大变化不断出现，直至高龄阶段。例如，斐尔德和米尔萨普的纵向研究发现情绪性下降会延续到69岁，然后趋向平稳直到83岁，而宜人性增加，外向性减弱的变化也延续到83岁。 尽管基本的人格特征在成年期还相当稳定，但人格的其他方面会出现一些可预见性的变化。成人阶段人格变化之一就是更加醉心于个人内心世界，包括增加对个人感情和经历的关注，减少外倾性。这种持续增长的内倾性格的变化经常伴随着比年轻时候更少的冲动和更谨慎的行为。在某些情况下，还伴随对外部世界兴趣的降低，行事会更加小心翼翼。 纵向研究已经发现，随着年龄的增长，成年人越来越表现出彼此间的差异。人际交往的风格更加个性化，人们也较以往更加的“自我”。在一定程度上，这可能是由于老年人降低了对顺应外部世界期望的需求，在缺乏清晰、明确的老年社会角色标准的社会当中尤其如此。另外，有些变化还可能是由于阿耳茨海默式病(早老性痴呆)、艾滋病、中风、或者其他疾病如脑瘤、感染、抑郁、其他压力等引起的。 注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}Study the graph carefully and write an essay of about 200 words entitled China's Entry into the WTO: Chances and Challenges. Base your essay on the outline given below{{/I}} 1. state the information in the graph 2. give your possible reasons for this phenomenon 3. draw a conclusion Profit Before WTO Entry Profit After WTO Entry Industry A 20% 80% Industry B 70% 10%

问答题Describethepicture2.Pointoutthesymbolicmeaningofthispicture3.Pointoutitsimplicationinlife

问答题Directions: You are a teacher. You are going to write a report to the parents of your pupil Wang Gang about his performance in school. In the report, you should mention: 1. His performance in study, 2. Your acknowledge of his parents' cooperation, 3. Areas in need of improvement.

问答题1. A brief introduction of tuition system in universities in China. 2. Viewpoints for it. 3. Viewpoints against it. 4. Your comments.

问答题1．中国加入WTO后，博土研究生的培养也会受到一定程度的影响。 2．探讨一下会产生哪些方面的影响，是积极的还是消极的影响等。 3．你个人的看法如何。

问答题Recently, a newspaper carried an article entitled: "We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics". The article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People's Congress or the People's Political Consultative Conference, and they should not be forced to do so. What do you think?

问答题1．博士研究生入学面试是否必要? 2．在博士研究生入学面试中，你认为最重要的是展示哪几个方面? 3．你将如何展示这几个方面?

问答题在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大干世界一片繁华。自己的哥姐、堂表弟兄也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摈弃、为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

问答题ONE MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION