单选题 For most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a comer, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustration and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that lie can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative. Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society. The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others' working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable—for themselves—by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.

单选题Some of these basketball teams were criticized for presenting demeaning images of black players.

单选题There would be a power cut so we were astonished when the whole house was ______ into darkness.

单选题Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. "Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there"s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?" The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovators will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题Directions: there are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Big cites today are confronted with very serious problems. Transport is a {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}difficulty: some planers believe in {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}transport system; others believe in making it possible for citizens to move {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}in private cars. There are several ways of {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}a public transport system. Sometimes it is built under the ground, sometimes it is on the {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, and sometimes it is even above ground level, {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}in parts of New York and more crime and Tokyo for example. In most case, of course, it is a {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}of some or all of these elements. The {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the city centers has also been a problem in the last 3O years. The hearts of many cities have become poorer and poorer, {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}more and more crime and violence, {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}the people who can afford to have moved out to the {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}. This is the opposite of the situation 100 years ago, {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}wealthy people lived in the center, and the poor lived {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}the outskirts of the city. Ecological problems also {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}, as factories and cars pollute the air, tree are cut down to make {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}for urban clearways, and crowded conditions cause garbage to {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}in the streets. In order to solve these problems, some planners believe we should limit the size of our cities, perhaps by restricting population, or perhaps by offering {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}jobs in the provinces. Others believe that cities cannot be limited in size and that the problems must be solved in a {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}of ways—by creating green areas, building {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}houses for everybody, stopping factory pollution, {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}motor transport, and so on.

单选题To say that the child learns【C1】______imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every【C2】______he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to【C3】______is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn【C4】______a more subtle theory than "Monkey see, monkey do". Look at it from the child's point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a【C5】______response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain【C6】______. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason【C7】______what to do, he observes a【C8】______who seems able to get the right【C9】______. The child looks for a/an【C10】______or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at【C11】______in this situation. The child may be able to【C12】______his immediate goal only to【C13】______that his method brings criticism【C14】______people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is【C15】______emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to【C16】______any objective situation is overlaid【C17】______the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and【C18】______when his parents like his response. Then other adults【C19】______some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must【C20】______responses his social group approves.

单选题The major reason why Americans enjoy an abundant food supply is that the arable land at their disposal for food production is______.

单选题The forms of advertising mentioned in the first paragraph would have least impact ______.

单选题Beside the pleasurable sounds of music and expressive feeling that it ______ , music does exist in terms of notes themselves and of their manipulation. A. gives away B. gives off C. gives up D. gives in

单选题At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transi tion. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change. One of the more obvious (46) has occurred in the roles that women (47) . Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, (48) main taining their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n) (49) that is a haven for all family members. (50) many women experience strain from trying to "do it all," they often enjoy the increased (51) that can result from playing multiple roles. As women's roles have changed, changing expectations about men's roles have become more (52) . Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility (53) the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men's roles, however, is in the emotional (54) of family life. Men are increasingly (55) to meet the emotional needs of their families, (56) their wives. In fact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become more sig nificant for marriage in general. Research on (57) marriage has changed over recent dec "ades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationships and the importance of sharing in the "emotion work" (58) to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, (59) both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men's and women's roles are becoming increasingly more (60) .

单选题Conscription in France has existed ______.

单选题They suggested that an agency be created to {{U}}carry{{/U}} out the recommendation of the committee.

单选题The sentence "This question elicits… "(Line 4, Para. 2) means______.

单选题The fact is that motherhood makes the heaviest demands in______the areas of least experience.

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and, more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery. The tool is the laser and it is, being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light--from the sun itself down to a humble match burning--will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam. Experiments with these pinpoint beams have shown researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches, no unwanted damage--a true surgical {{U}}wonder{{/U}}. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried. The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.