问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Many a myth has grown up around the brain's asymmetry(不对称现象). 71. {{U}}The left cerebral hemisphere is supposed to be the coldly logical, verbal and dominant half of the brain, while the right developed a reputation as the imaginative side, emotional, spatially aware but suppressed. Two personalities in one head. Yin and Yang, hero and villain.{{/U}} To most neuroscientists, of course, these notions are seen as simplistic at best and nonsense at worst. So there was general satisfaction when a couple of years ago, a simple brain scanner test appeared to reveal the true story about one of neurology's greatest puzzles: Exactly what is the difference between the two sides of the human brain? Some clinical neurologists had been pursuing the idea that the difference between the two hemispheres lay in their style of working. The left-brain, they reckoned, focused on detail. This would make it the natural home for all those mental skills that need us to act in a series of discrete steps or fix on a particular fragment of what we perceive--skills such as recognizing a friend's face in a crowd or "lining up" words to make a sentence. By contrast, the right brain concentrated on the broad, background picture. The researchers believed it had a panoramic focus that made it good at seeing general connections; this hemisphere was best able to represent metaphorical aspects of speech. For example, in a test in which split-brain patients had to match a series of household objects, the left brain would match by function while the right would match by appearance. So, when seeing a cake on a plate, the left brain would connect to a picture of a fork and spoon while the right brain would select a picture of a broad-brimmed hat. 72. {{U}}This evidence appeared to support the idea of a highly modular brain in which, for example, thinking in logical categories was a strictly left hemisphere function while mental imagery and spatial awareness were handled on the right.{{/U}} But this picture changed dramatically as soon as brain-scanning experiments began to show that both sides of the brain played an active role in such processes. 73. {{U}}Rather it seemed to be the processing styles that distinguished the two halves--under the scanner, language turned out to be represented on both sides of the brain in matching areas of the cortex (皮质). Areas on the left dealt with the core aspects of speech such as grammar and word production while aspects such as intonation and emphasis lit up the right side.{{/U}} In the same way, the right brain proved to be good at working with a general sense of space, while equivalent areas in the left-brain fired when someone thought about objects as particular locations.

问答题Directions: In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully, and then write summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage. 社区家庭卫生保健合同服务的持续发展探讨 家庭保健合同是促进居民健康的有效形式。上海市自1997年建立社区卫生服务站，在社区推广与实行家庭保健合同形式，把单一的医疗职能转向医疗、预防、保健、康复等全方位的家庭卫生保健服务。从社区卫生服务模式来看，家庭卫生保健合同是一种重要服务形式，它把社区卫生服务内容有机地结合在一起，深入到居民家庭，加强与促进了社区居民的生命质量提高，如儿童、妇女保健，常见病的治疗，生活失能的康复指导，慢性病的控制指导，老年人保健指导，更重要的是医生深入家庭与居民建立了良好的医患关系。 我们调查了13个区125家社区卫生服务站，只有8个区30家服务站提供了家庭保健合同服务，建卡户数2323个家庭，建卡率为1.2%。 参加家庭保健合同的家庭只占1.2%，主要是人们对家庭保健合同对居民健康作用认识不够，这需要政策上扶持，加大宣传普及力度，使人们对家庭保健合同有新认识。目前家庭保健合同是个人支付费用，从道理上讲，家庭请医生入户是个体保健行为，但从疾病预防、控制及干预措施看又是政府行为，属于临床预防服务，这种服务从长远利益看，由于有效地控制了疾病的发生或严重程度，也节约了相当可观的医疗费用，减轻了国家与个人的经济负担，目前医疗保健只承担临床医疗费用，从利益分配合理性出发，医疗保险需承担参保人的临床预防服务费用，建议：①政府向社区卫生服务站的家庭保健合同形式服务提供一定数额的经费(比例为20%)。②医保局对参加医疗保健家庭提供家庭保健合同服务的临床预防性费用(比例为20%)。③参加家庭保健合同服务的家庭成员提高了自身保健认识，减少了疾病风险，减轻了日后家庭疾病经济负担，需支付主要家庭保健合同费用(比例60%)。④卫生行政部门对社区服务站建立的家庭合同服务内容，家庭成员健康状况，家庭成员掌握的有关卫生知识定期进行了解、调查与统计，并考核医院及医生所具有的个体预防服务能力及重视程度。对综合考核通过医疗单位可得到政府经济补贴、参保家庭可得到医疗保险经济补贴或通过加收临床预防服务费来实现。 总而言之，家庭保健合同服务形式在社区实施是新生事物，需要人们逐渐认可，但政府要从宏观上积极扶持，政策配套，使家庭保健合同服务在社区居民家庭中生根。

问答题从二十世纪中叶起，各国政府对科学技术的重视引起了各级教育机构的响应，理论科学和应用科学的巨大进步也激起了人们学习自然科学的兴趣，科学技术因此而有了飞速的发展。但与此同时，人们忽视厂对人文科学和社会科学的学习，公民对道德观念和社会准则在生活中的意义缺乏认识。这在一定程度上导致了以下后果：地方、民族和国际间的暴力冲突层出不穷，环境污染日益严重，这些都给人类生活带来了危险。因此，在教育中应纠正重理轻文的倾向，在生活中恢复人文主义的价值，以求物质文明和精神文明的平衡发展。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled On Building a Harmonious Society in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline: 1. The connotations of the term "harmonious society". 2. The significance of building a harmonious society. 3. Make your suggestions as to how to build a harmonious society.

问答题Directions: Write a short composition of 250～300 words on the topic given below. Topic: My Academic Ambition

问答题a vacancy of mind and body. It has been commandeered by the sociologists and the psychologists: it is a problem.

问答题Outline (1) Knowledge needs to be used properly. (2) How to prevent scientific mess (3) Your views on this topic

问答题Research reports are considered formal professi6nal communication. As such, there is little emphasis on a lively style, although, of course, there is no objection to writing that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any research report should be edited to ensure that all data is correctly presented, that all equipment is listed, that all results are properly detailed. As an aid to the reader, headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections. Research data should be presented in a way that places proper emphasis on major aspects of the project. For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some consideration should be given to structuring research reports differently for different audiences. Management, for example, will be most concerned with the results of a research project, and thus the results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problem section and before the procedures section. Other researchers would be most interested in the procedure section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.

问答题Directions: Write a passage of about 150 words on the following topic: Should African disputes and conflicts be handled by African countries themselves, rather than by external international organizations?

问答题Directions: Professor Chen often scrutinizes your research papers written in English and corrects some lingustic and technical mistakes in them, as a result of which you have published some research papers in influential international journals. Write a letter to him to express your indebtedness in about t50 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, use "Li Ming" instead.

问答题Directions: Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article. 医德之风 随着经济体制市场化改革的逐步深入，我国自20世纪80年代以来对传统的医疗制度进行了一系列的改革。但是，由于医疗制度的复杂性，国内对出台的医疗制度改革方案还存在不少意见分歧。随着医疗卫生改革的不断深入，医德医风建设也面临着新的问题，卫生行业的不正之风已引起了全社会的关注。在新形势下，如何加强医德医风建设，改善行业作风，是摆在医院管理者面前的重大课题。 在医疗卫生战线上，广大职工能够自觉遵守社会主义医德原则和规范，在平凡而又光荣的岗位上兢兢业业地履行白衣天使的职责，以高尚的医德医风、精湛的医疗技术战斗在救死扶伤的第一线，为保障人民群众的身体健康作出了贡献，受到社会各界和人民群众的好评。 但是因受市场经济负面效应的影响，少数医务工作者政治学习有些放松，为人民服务的思想观念有些淡薄，在行业作风建设的认识上产生了误区，表现为重经济效益、轻社会效益，服务意识不强，对患者检查不仔细，诊疗不认真，不按规章制度办事，缺乏责任心。目前热点问题反应较多的是给病员开大处方、检查多、用好药多、费用高，增加了患者的负担。这些问题都属于医德问题，虽是少数人的事，但其影响不可低估，它使医患之间产生了鸿沟，甚至互不信任，直接影响到医疗卫生战线的形象，同时还会给党和政府造成不良影响。 目前我国医疗系统医德医风存在的问题主要有：(1)部分医务人员不讲救死扶伤的人道主义医德观，不讲为人民服务的宗旨，把医疗服务视为商品交换，用等价交换原则看待医患关系，这些少数的害群之马，严重践踏了医疗道德，损坏了医务人员的形象。目前，有些医务人员事业心不强，有的医生满足于一般性的应付，上班无精打采，看病马马虎虎，对患者缺乏感情，缺乏责任心；有的甚至酿成医疗事故，造成医患纠纷；有的给患者留下后遗症，带来终生痛苦；有的使危重患者错过了抢救时间，使患者失去了宝贵的生命。(2)为医不廉，收受好处。有的患者总是怕医生不尽心，觉得送了红包心里才踏实，一些医护人员也就泰然笑纳。有的医生道德素质较差，暗示甚至索要好处。有的医生被医药代表买通，为了按一定比例获取提成而乱施高价药。至于接受请客吃饭，收点土特产则已经不当一回事了。(3)不平衡和消极埋怨的心理。市场经济使一些行业在一定时期内有较大的赢利，社会上一部分人员收入过高，与医务人员的收入差距较大，一些医务人员产生了“拿手术刀的不如拿剃头刀的”不正常心态，这种心态在医务人员中有一定的市场。(4)部分医务人员在经济利益的驱使下，医德医风削弱，义务感淡薄，在医疗活动中不讲医德，把单纯追求经济利益作为最高准则，认为医疗工作也应全面适应市场经济，一切以经济效益为依据，以赚钱获利为目的，拒绝执行国家有关规定和医德规范，一切向钱看。一些医疗机构盲目花高价购进大量诊断和治疗设备，为急于收回投资和产生利润，不顾患者需要不需要，照样开单检查。有的医院要搞基本建设，改善环境，就给各科室下创收任务，要求必须完成规定指标，否则不发奖金。如少数医院和科室或个别医生无病当有病看，小病当大病看，不需检查也检查，尽量使用昂贵药品。有的医生习惯于开大处方，不管什么病，都要用最好的药。这些做法，不仅加重了患者负担，而且造成了医疗资源的浪费。 注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。

问答题In May 2004 the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) released its 2003-2004 book-length report, The State of Food and Agriculture: Agricultural Biotechnology: Meeting the Needs of the Poor? It immediately attracted significant press and media attention. In fact, while reporting on its survey of existing examinations of risks posed by agricultural biotechnology, the FAO report concludes that "biotechnology is capable of benefiting small resource-poor farmers" and that in numerous situations the benefits clearly outweigh the risks. In addition to attempting to re-orient biotechnology discussions and lessen the polemics attendant to them, 1. the FAO report offers and illuminates much factual information that is encompassed by biotechnology research, applications, and distribution. In fact, report lays out a coherent understanding of what biotechnology is, and offers a clear exposition for general readers--as well as policy and scientific specialists--of essential biotechnology concepts and methods such as market-assisted breeding, cell as well as genetic engineering. 2. Of particular importance, the essay has a thoughtful discussion on the health and environmental concerns associated with biotechnology. While concluding that, as to health concerns, there is a scientific consensus that biotechnology-altered foodstuffs are safe, the report stresses the scientific consensus on the need for case-by-case studies for all biotechnology products and processes. Regarding environmental concerns, of which the reports describes the science community's call for more scientific research and investigation, the FAO report surveys and describes the international instruments that are beginning to direct policy and regulatory standard development for biotechnology, such as the International Plant Protection Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Notwithstanding its multi-faceted examination of biotechnology for the 21st century, 3. the FAO report's other major emphasis--alongside the potential of biotechnology for poor farmers--is that the mode for bringing this biotechnology potential to poor farmers is woefully deficient. Although some obstacles are indeed formidable for bringing biotechnology potential benefits to the poor, the report does not despair, and it offers ideas and even an agenda for reorienting the biotechnology enterprise for greater technology transfer and benefits for the poor. To overcome technology transfer and development obstacles, 4. the FAO report calls on all countries and the international community as a whole to: "establish transparent, predictable science-based regulatory procedures; establish appropriate intellectual property rights to insure that developers can earn an adequate return of investment." Along with these supportive measures, more direct measures for bio-technology need to be taken, and these include a dramatic increase in public research, a fostering of public-private partnerships, greater focus on the crops that poor farmers grow, and the emergence of developing world regional centers of biotechnology research and dissemination. The FAO report is hopeful that this can be done. 5. Underlying its propounding of this hopeful vision is not only an examination of what is currently amiss, but also important case studies in which biotechnology is actually helping poor farmers, in terms of economics and also human health, as is the case with biotechnology-modified cotton in China.

问答题{{B}}My View of Lunar New Year{{/B}} To Chinese people, the Lunar New Year is undoubtedly the most important festival of the year. Dating back 3000 years, it celebrated the passing of a peaceful year and to welcome a new one. The reunion dinner, eaten on New Year's Eve, was de rigueur, with members of the extended family gathering for the most significant meal of the year. Even the absentee members would endeavor to return home in time for it. It underscored the supreme importance of the family in Chinese culture, and aimed at strengthening the sense of togetherness and cohesion. However, with rapid economic expansion and growing westernization, over time, there has been a noticeable erosion, if not abandonment, of the New Year traditions and customs, which are perceived to be out of step with modem lifestyle. Increasingly, more Chinese would hold their reunion dinner in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs. They find it more enjoyable and physically less demanding. Going away during the New Year is now commonplace, sometimes involving whole families or extended families. In extreme cases, some would even seek temporary refuge in a local hotel so as to avoid being visited by relatives and friends, or having to visit them. What's more, most of the cities celebrate it quietly without fireworks and firecrackers, which used to be part of the celebration. Will the Lunar New Year survive modern living? I do not doubt that it would gradually lose its significance. In a few or more years the Chinese New Year will be taken as a common holiday and fewer people celebrate it. Modern Chinese do not need it any more.

问答题In this new edition, the basic philosophy and outline and the balance between depth of treatment and breadth of subject-matter coverage are unchanged from previous editions. 1. We have tried to preserve these features that users of previous editions have found desirable, while incorporating a number of changes that should enhance the book's usefulness. The textbook is adaptable to a wide variety of course outlines. The entire textbook can be used for an intensive course two or three semesters in length. For a less intensive course, many instructors will want to omit certain chapters or sections to tailor the book to their individual needs. The arrangement of this edition facilitate this kind of flexibility. 2. Conversely, many topics that were regarded a few years ago as of peripheral (次要的) importance and were omitted from introductory courses have now come to the fore again in the life science, earth and space sciences, and environmental problems. An instructor who wishes to stress these kinds of applications will find this textbook a useful source for discussion of the appropriate principles. 3. In any case, it should be emphasized that instructors should not feel constrained to work straight through the book from cover to cover. Many chapters are, of course, inherently sequential in nature, but within this general limitation instructors should be encouraged to select among those chapters that fit their needs, omitting material that is not relevant for the objectives of a particular course.

问答题在过去5年里，欧洲的商业及企业环境也发生了可观的变化；私募股权投资公司已经成为新的投资来源，它的出现提高了就业率，同时也创造了新的价值。